1 介词短语
从介词开始到名词结束、表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构。
at home、in the school、in the beautiful park、during my happy childhood、over the last few years、for three weeks、to the destination
例: (After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00 to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office).
2 从句
由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which、if、although等关系词引导的非主句部分。
【起止标识】标记从句时,一定从关系词开始,到以下四种终止。
① 到句尾终止,如:Li Hui is a teacher (who teaches English).
② 到句中的逗号终止,如:(When I was young), I listened to the radio.
③ 到下一个修饰成分终止,如:I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing. (to Beijing是介词短语,属于另一个修饰成分,故从句的标记在此处终止)
④ 到下一个谓语动词终止,如Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai.
3 非谓语动词短语
标记非谓语动词短语时,一定是从动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)或分词(现在分词doing或过去分词done)开头,到以下四种情况终止。
① 到句尾终止,如:Lisa is a teacher (teaching English).
② 到句中的逗号终止,如:(To improve my English), I often listen to the English radio.
③ 到下一个修饰成分终止,如:Jack walked into the hall, (waving) to the audience. (to the audience是介词短语,属于另一修饰成分。)
④ 到下一个谓语动词终止,如:We, (singing a happy song), rode to school.
Wearing a hat , holding a book ,Tom walked to school ,beaten badly .
2. “两短”
(1) 形容词
【定义】形容词是指用来修饰名词的单词,往往带有-ous、-y、-ful、-able等后缀。
【常见位置】
① 一般置于名词之前,如a beautiful park。
② 修饰不定代词(something、anything、nothing、somebody、anybody、nobody)时置于不定代词之后,如“一些有趣的事”应译为something interesting。
2) 副词
副词用来修饰形容词、动词等词,往往带有-ly等后缀。副词的用法比形容词灵活得多。
① 可置于整句之前,如:Unfortunately, he failed to make it.
② 可置于整句之后,如:The teacher greets his students individually.
③ 可置于“助动词、系动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前”,如:
The princess looks extremely beautiful today. (系动词之后)
He immediately saw the black cat. (实义动词之前)
He has undoubtedly fallen in love with the princess. (助动词之后,实义动词之前)
He can hardly speak anything. (情态动词之后,实义动词之前)
④ 可置于形容词或副词之前,如:There is an extremely beautiful garden in our campus.
它们较短且易于辨识,对句意理解影响不大,因此在给修饰成分做标记时,形容词和副词可不标记。
3. 平行并列结构
英语中可以并列的成分有很多,读句子时要注意识别到底是谁跟谁并列。
① 名词并列:I like the box placed on the desk and the flowers in your hand.
② 形容词并列:Mr. Smith is a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher.
③ 副词并列:You are supposed to answer the following questions quickly and accurately.
④ 谓语动词并列:With the Internet, people can not only play computer games but also do online shopping.
⑤ 介词短语并列:And that government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.
⑥ 从句并列: I’ve finished reading the book (which is written by Mo Yan) and (which you lent me last month).
⑦ 非谓语动词并列:Singing and laughing, we headed to the park.
⑧ 整句并列:The children can go with us or they can stay at home.
Step 1: 做标记Step 2: 做直译Step 3: 调语序
The Department (of Agriculture) has programs (aimed) (at developing more farmers) and (at increasing interest) (in locally grown food).
The Department:这个部门;of Agriculture:什么的部门?农业的部门;has programs:有什么?有计划;aimed:针对什么的计划?针对……;at developing more farmers:针对发展更多的农民;and:以及什么?at increasing interest:针对提高利润;in locally grown food:哪方面的利润?本土出产的食物的利润。根据提问和回答后,这句话的意思:农业部有针对发展更多农民和提高本土出产食物的利润的计划。调语序 农业部已经制定了相关计划,以培养更多农民和提高本土出产的食物的利润。
(If you started) (to dry clothes) (in the morning) and forgot (to take them out), you can go (to your phone) and restart your dryer (for the time) (when come home), (so your clothes are refreshed and ready) (to go).
(If you started) (to dry clothes) (in the morning) and forgot (to take them out), you can go (to your phone) and restart your dryer (for the time) (when come home), (so your clothes are refreshed and ready) (to go).
so your clothes are refreshed and ready 这样就怎么了?这样你的衣服就被重新烘干并且准备好了;to go:准备好去做什么?去走(即已经准备好“出炉”
如果你早上开始烘干衣服并忘了把它们拿出来,那么你可以用手机重新启动烘干机,这样在你回到家的时候,衣服已经重新烘干并可以取出来了
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