虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实或不可能发生而是与事实相反的假设、愿望或建议。

一 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

1.与现在事实相反：

 条件句： 动词用过去时（be仅用were)

 主句：  would/should/could/might+动词原形

  If I were you, I should do that.

  If everyone is in the country knew first aid,many lives would be saved.

2.与过去事实相反：

  条件句：had done

  主句： would/could/should/might+have done.

 If the earthquake happened in the night, there would be more deaths.

 I shoul/would have called you if I had known your telephone number.

3. 与将来事实相反

  条件句： 过去式/should /were to +动词原形

  主句：  would/should/could/might+ 动词原形

 Would you know my name if I saw you in heaven?

 If it should rain,the crops would be saved.

 If it were to snow tomorrow, they could not go out.

注意1)：假设的情况有时候不通过条件句来表示而是通过一个介词短语、上下文或其他方式来表示

 Withoutelectricity,human life would be quite different today.

 The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain.

 He would have given you more help ,but he was so busy at that time.

注意2） 若条件句中有were/had/should，可将其提到句首，并省略if

  Were I twenty now,I would join the army.

  Had we made a great effort,we might have succeed.

注意3） 有时主句与条件句发生的时间并不一致，这要根据各自情况确定动词形式，构成混合虚拟条件句。

  If the doctor hadn't tried their best to save you, you wouldn't be standing here now.

二 虚拟语气在某些从句中的用法

1. wish 后的宾语从句：过去式（表与现在事实相反)

                      had done (与过去事实相反）

                      would/could+do(与将来事实相反）

 I wish I were ten years younger.

 We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.

 How I wish I could live another 500 years.

注： 'd like/love to have done与wish had done意思相同：希望做了某事

 I'd like to have seen his face when he opened the letter.=I wish I had seen.....

 I'd like to have gone to university.=I wish I had gone to ....

2. suggest/order/demand/command命令/request/require/insist/propose提议后的宾语从句用：(should )+do,因为从句动作还未发生。

  The officer ordered that the army (should)advance 100 miles.

  He came to my house and demanded that I (should ) help him.

  I insisted that you (should) give me my money back.

注： suggest 表“暗示、表明”时， 后面的从句不用虚拟，insist表“坚持认为，坚持说”时，也不用虚拟。

  Her expression suggested that she was angry.

  The girl insisted that she gave me the money the other day.

3.It is suggested/requested/ordered/necessary/natural/important/desired that及It has been said that等结构的主语从句用：(should ) do

  It is required that Miss Cai (should ) give a performance at the party.

  It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.

  It has been decided that the meeting (should) be put off till next Saturday.

4. suggestion/order/plan/idea后的表语从句或同位语从句用： （should) do

 My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.

 What do you think of the idea that wu (should) put on a play at the English party.

5. as if/though引导的从句：did/were(was也可以） (现在事实相反）

            had done(与过去事实相反）

 I've loved you as if you were my son.

 The actor walkedon the wire as if he were walking on the ground.

  The two new comers talked as if they had known for ages.

注： as if/though 从句若是客观事实，则不用虚拟

  Look at the clouds! It looks as if it is going to rain.

  It looks as if it isn't clean to bathe here.

6. It is (high) time that后的从句用过去式间或用should do

  It's time I went and picked up my boy from school.

  It's time that we stopped/should stop this practice.(做法）

  It's high time you took actions.

注：该句型中不用were代替was

  It's time that I/he/she was going.

7.在lest(恐怕，免得）/for fear that /in case引导的从句用：should +do

 He took his raincoat with him lestit should rain.

 She put her coat over the child for fear that he should catch cold.

 Here's some money in case you should need it.

8.would rather后从句中用过去式 表现在或将来，had done表过去

  I'd rather he went home now.

  Don't come tomorrow. I'd rather you came next weekend.

  I'd rather she hadn't done that.

注：would rather have done 宁愿过去做了...

      would rather not have done 宁愿没做...

 --Did you quarrel with your boss?

 --Yes, but I would rather not have done that.

9.would you mind if 从句中用：过去式

  Would you mind if I opened the window?

  Do you mind if I smoke?(陈述）

10 在if only 惊叹句中，用：过去式（现在），完成had done(过去），would/could+do （将来）

  If only I could see him once.(将来）

 If only he knew how we miss him.(现在）

  If only I had listened to your advice.(过去）

虚拟语气专练一

1. Mr and Mrs Burns feel more comfortable on a ship than they would do if they___ any other way.

A. travel B are traveling C. traveled D. have travelled

2.____for the temptation to become a lucky customer, I would not have bought so many things I didn’t need.

A. If it is not B Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not

3. I can’t send her an invitation. I wish I ____ her new address.

A. Know B. will know C. have known d. knew

4. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ ,too cold for us to live.

 A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly

C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly

5. The two strangers talked as if they ____ friends for years.

 A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been

6. ---Do you think Norman would have lent me the car?

  --Yes, if you ____him to.

  A. asked B. had asked C. will ask D. ask

7. It is time I ____ home, but I’m enjoying myself, so I will stay here a bit longer.

  A. will go B. have gone C. am going D. went

8 If it ____ for the snow, we ____ the mountain yesterday.

  A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb

C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been ; could climb

9. Jane’s pale face suggested tat she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination.

  A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be ; had d. was; has

10. It is necessary that he ____ the college entrance examination.

  A. should attend B. will attend c. must attend D. had to attend

11. ____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu bridge .

  A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will

12. How I wish I ____ then years younger.

  A. should be B. were C. am D. will be

13. --- Shall I stay here?

  --- Well, I’d rather you ____ with us.

  A. come B. came C. had come D. to come

14. The acrobat(杂技演员)was walking on the thin wire as though she ____ on the ground.

  A. had walked B. had been walking C. were walking D. walked

15. If only he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

  A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie

16. I would have gone to the meeting if I ____ time.

  A. had had B. have had C. had c. would have had

17. I would rather you ____ the letter right away.

  A. post B. posted C. posting D. should post

18. He was very busy otherwise he ____ the meeting.

  A. attended B. would attend C. had attended D. would have attended

19. I would ask Gorge to lend us the money if I ____ him.

  A. will come B. come C. would come D. came

21. He gave the order that nothing ____ until the police arrived.

  A. touched B. should touch c. be touched d. will be touched

22. --- Don’t touch that wire, my child.

  --- What ____ if I ____?

  A. will happen, will do B. would happen, did C. would have happened, had done

23. The suggestion was that all the wounded ____ to a nearby hospital.

  A. be sent B. are sent C. would be sent D. should send

24. ____ that picture, he would have signed his name in the corner.

  A. if he painted B. if he pains C. Had he painted d. If he has painted

25. If you ____ him yesterday, you ____ what to do now.

  A. had met, would know B. have met, would know

  C. met, knew D. should met, would know

26. ____ today, he would get there by Friday.

  A. Was he leaving B. would he leave C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

27. Without liberation we ____ a new life.

  A. would not begin B. would not have been begun

  C. had not begun d. would not have begun

28. ____ if it were spring all the year round ?

  A. Shall it be nice b. will it be nice C. Would it be nice D. Ought it be nice

29. If I ____ in Beijing now!

  A. am B. have been C. be D. were

30. If I ____ you, I ____ him tomorrow.

  A. were, would go to see B. had been, would have gone to see

C. should be, would have gone to see  D. am, will go to see

虚拟语气专练二

1. Jack ____yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.

  A. mustn't have arrived B. shouldn't have arrived C. can't have arrived D. need not have arrived

2. Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night ____,too.

  A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly

3. Susan ____ written a report like this.

  A. can have B. mustn't have C. can't have D. ought to not have

4. I wonder how he ____ that to the teacher.

  A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say

5. ____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.

  A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not

6.--When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

  --They ____ be ready by 12:00.

  A. can B. should C. might D. need

7.--I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

  --Oh, did you? You____with Barbara.

  A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed

8.--Will you stay for lunch?

  --Sorry, ____. My brother is coming to see me.

  A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't

9. Sorry I'm late. I ____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

  A. might B. should C. can D. will

10.--Are you coming to Jeff's party?

   --I'm not sure. I ____go to the concert instead.

  A. must B. would C. should D. might

11. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ____ your lecture.

  A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended

12. If only he ____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

  A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie

13.--I hear you've got a set of valuable Australian coins. ____ I have a look?

    --Yes, certainly.

  A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should

14. I was really anxious about you. You ____ home without a word.

  A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave

15.--Is John coming by train?

    --He should, but he____not. He likes driving his car.

  A. must B. can C. need D. may