初二英语下册Unit1(上海牛津版）

广州最新版教材

Unit 1 Helping those in need

 

一、课文再现（点击进入）

二、重点词汇（点击进入）

三、知识详解（点击进入）

四、语法讲解（点击进入） 

四． 语法专项：动词不定式的用法。

1. 基本结构：to + 动词原形（有时可省略to）     not to + 动词原形（否定形式）

2. 可在句子中充当成分：主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。

3. 主要用法归纳：

（1）作宾语：常作及物动词的宾语。常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, wish, hope, manage, pretend, decide, learn, agree, expect, demand, long, ask, care, choose, dare, fail, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, desire, happen, appear, intend, like等。

接动词不定式作宾语的动词

想要拒绝莫忘记(want, refuse, forget)

需要努力就学习(need, try, learn)

喜欢同意加帮助(like, agree, help)

希望决定后开始(hope, decide, begin, start)

    【拓展】 A. 当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后。          I find it difficult to learn Japanese well.

             B. 当两个或两个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to.

                 He began to read and write after dinner.

 

（2）作宾语补足语：动词不定式做作宾语补足语，放在宾语后面，表示宾语时什么或怎么样。常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, like, love, hate, would like, order, teach, want, wish, advise等。

ask sb to do sth 让某人做某事       tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事      invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事

help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事    want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事     allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

【拓展】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to，在被动语态中应加上to。

         I saw Li Lei fall down from his bike. / The boss made the workers work over ten hours a day in the past.

这些动词可归纳为:“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)(即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)”。

记忆口诀：“感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。”

 

（3）作目的状语：动词不定式表目的时，可放在句子的前面，也可放在句子的末尾。但在句子前面时，动词不定式常用逗号与句子隔开，而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。

                 To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.

                 He goes there to enjoy the fresh air.

【拓展】为了强调目的，有时可以在不定式前加in order或so as。

             In order to get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.

             常用结构：too + adj./adv. + to do sth.：太。。。而不能。

             The child is too young to go to school.

 

（4）疑问词+动词不定式：疑问代词who, what, which等和疑问副词when, where, how等后面跟不定式，构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。

1. Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去还是个问题。（作主语）

2. I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。（作动词know的宾语）

3. The question is how to learn English well. 问题是怎样学好英语。（作表语）

【拓展】“疑问词+动词不定式（短语）”作宾语时，相当于一个宾语从句。

        I don’t know what to do next time. = I don’t know what I should do next time.

        Li Ping doesn’t know why to learn English. = Li Ping doesn’t know why he should learn English.

Which to choose is important. = Which we should choose is important.

The question is where to go. = The question is where we should go.

（5）固定句式中动词不定式的用法：

常见固定句式中的动词不定式考点：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/

Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。

 

（6）动词不定式专项训练题：

一、单项选择。

1. Tom find _______ difficult to work out the Maths problem.

A. This                 B. That          C. It                 D. Its

2. We decided _______ at the end of this month.

A. travel        B. not start out     C. to leave            D. going

3. They have no paper_______.

A. to write            B. to write with        C. write on           D .to write on

4. Let him _______ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.

A. has                  B. have             C. to have              D. having

5. _______the computer is a problem.

A. How to use      B. What to use     C. Where to use    D. Which to use

6. The teacher told us _______in bed.

A. don’t read        B. read not           C. to not read      D. not to read

7. The old man was _______angry _______ say a word.

A. so, that            B. as, as         C. too, to              D. very, to

8. Why _______home tomorrow?

A. not go              B. not going    C. not to go          D. didn’t go

 

二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. They want _______(save) time by using shorter words and phrases.

2. Kitty’s classmate Daniel taught himself how _______(make) a home page.

3. He put his photos on it for everyone _______(look) at.

4. Help him _______(put) the photos in the correct order.

5. He made the girl _______(cry) yesterday.

6. I’d like _______(go) to the Temple of Heaven.