advise, allow, permit,与forbid的用法比较

一般说来，如果一个动词要后接动名词作宾语，那么这个动词也可以接“逻辑主语+动名词”作宾语。如：

The test questions are kept secret, so as to prevent cheating.

考题都保密以防作弊。

You can’t prevent his [him] spending his own money.

你不能阻止他花自己的钱。

但是，英语中有四个很特别的常用动词，它们后面接动词作宾语时，必须要用动名词形式，不能用不定式；但是，如果其后跟了宾语，则其后通常要接不定式作宾语补足语。这四个词及其用法如下：

1. advise

◇后接动名词的用法

I advise waiting a few more days.

我建议再等几天。

Would you advise phoning, or shall I wait a bit longer?

你看我打电话好，还是我再等一会儿好?

◇后接宾语加不定式的用法

The doctor advised me to take more exercise.

医生嘱咐我多加锻炼。

She advised her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldn’t listen.

她劝她的父母戒烟，但他们不愿听。

◇比较下面两句

He advised applying at once.

他劝告立即提出申请。

He advised me to apply at once.

他建议我立即提出申请。

注意下面的正误句型：

作为你的医生，我劝你少吃些。

误：As your doctor, I advise you eating less.

正：As your doctor, I advise you to eat less.

2. allow

◇后接动名词的用法

They don’t allow parking. 他们不准停放汽车。

They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.

这儿不该允许停车，马路太窄了。

◇后接宾语加不定式的用法

Please allow me to add one more point.

请允许我再补充一点意见。

The money will allow you to go abroad for further study.

那笔钱使你能够出国深造。

◇比较下面两句

We don’t allow eating in the classrooms.

我们不允许在教室吃饭。

We don’t allow students to eat in the classrooms.

我们不允许学生在教室吃饭。

请看下面一道高考题(答案选D)：

— Can I smoke here?  — Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here.

A. people smoking            B. people smoke           C. to smoke                  D. smoking

3. forbid

◇后接动名词的用法

He forbids smoking during office hours.

他禁止上班时间抽烟。

The headmaster has forbidden singing in the corridors.

校长禁止在走廊里唱歌。

◇后接宾语加不定式的用法

I forbid him to go there again. 我不准他再去那儿。

The teacher forbids the students to read such books.

老师不准学生看那样的书。

◇比较下面两句

They forbad swimming in the river.

他们不准在这河里游泳。

They forbad people to swim in the river.

他们不准人们在这河里游泳。

4. permit

◇后接动名词的用法

Time doesn’t permit my waiting longer.

时间不允许我等得太久。

The rules of the club do not permit smoking.

这个俱乐部规定不准吸烟。

◇后接宾语加不定式的用法

His health does not permit him to come.

他的健康(状况)不允许他来。

Her father would not permit her to eat sweets.

她父亲不允许她吃糖果。

◇比较下面两句

We don’t permit smoking in the lecture room.

我们不允许在大教室抽烟。

We don’t permit people to smoke in the lecture room.

我们不允许人们在大教室抽烟。