连系动词的用法以及难点解答
(2014-05-10 11:15:48)分类: 动词;语态 |
连系动词的理解与用法
一、连系动词的概念说明
你在汉语中听说过“连系动词”吗?没有!连系动词是很具英语特色的一类动词,简单地说,连系动词就是表示不完全谓语关系的动词——用于表明真正的谓语(即表语)在其后。连系动词有一定的词义,但不完整。不能单独作谓语,必须和表语连用,构成系表结构,也叫做复合谓语。常用的系动词有:be(是), become(变得), turn(变得),seem(似乎),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到、摸起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来), remain(仍是),get(变、是),appear(显得),go(变得),come(变成),stay(保持)等。如:
The
children are very
happy.
She
seems angry.
Our
dream has come true.
We
get wiser as we get
old.
二、连系动词的语法特点
英语中所有的连系动词都是不及物的,所以所有连系动词都不能用于被动语态,即使有时在汉语中有被动意味也是如此。如:
他的解释听起来很有道理。
误:His explanation is sounded reasonable.
正:His explanation sounds reasonable.
从汉语来看,“他的解释”自己不能“听”,应该是“被听”才对,所以上面的误句据此用了被动语态。但是,由于sound在此是连系动词,它不能用于被动语态。其实,sound在此的意思不是“听”,而是“听起来”,或者说是“被听起来”。
look sad还是look sadly
请看这道题:
The
children all looked
A.
sad,
sad
【分析】此题容易误选A,想当然地认为
We
don’t care if a hunting dog smells
A.
这是1995年一道上海高考题,此题最佳答案为D。第一个
系动词smell, sound, taste可用于进行时态吗
表示感官的系动词smell, sound, taste习惯上不用于进行时态。如:
■这些橘子味道很好。
误:These oranges are tasting good.
正:These oranges taste good.
■这肉有味了吗?
误:Is the meat smelling bad?
正:Does the meat smell bad?
■这个报导听起来是真的。
误:The report is sounding true.
正:The report sounds true.
系动词look, appear, seem可用于进行时态吗
1. look用作系动词表示谈论暂时的外观时,可以用一般式或进行式,两者意义上无多大区别。如:
You look [are looking] tired this evening. 今晚你好像很累。
You look [are looking] a bit tired. 你看起来有点累。
My boy is not looking [doesn’t look] very well. 我的孩子气色不太好。
注意:look后跟like或as if时习惯上不能用进行式。如:
她像她母亲。
误:She is looking like her mother.
正:She looks like her mother.
她好像在做梦。
误:She is looking as if she’s dreaming.
正:She looks as if she’s dreaming.
2. appear和seem用作系动词习惯上不用于进行时态。如:
他似乎相当富有。
误:He is appearing to be quite rich.
正:He appeared to be quite rich.
在我看起来他好像很正常。
误:He is seeming to me quite normal.
正:He seems to me quite normal.
look是连系动词还是实义动词
这个look是连系动词还是实义动词?其后该接形容词还是副词?
a. He looks __________.
b. He looked __________ at his broken car.
A.
C.
此题应选
以下各例也涉及实义动词和连系动词的两种用法:
1.
b. I felt _________ we should take some action.
A.
C.
2.
b. The dog can’t be used for hunting,for he smells _________.
A.
C.
3.
b. The boy came ________ to the shop with the money his mother gave him.
A.
C.
答案:1.
连系动词后可以接to be吗
有这样一道题:
The story sounds __________.
A.
此题应选D。该题很容易误选A。这里涉及连系动词后是否接to be的题:
1.
He
seems (to be) sad.
He
appears (to be) angry.
The
news turned out [proved] (to be)
false.
2.
这汤味道不错。
正:The soup tastes nice.
误:The soup tastes to be nice.
在look(看起来)之后是否接to be,语法专家意见不一,但总的说来,以不用为佳。
3.
He
seems [appears] to be
asleep.
He
seemed to be awake when I went into his
room.
He
doesn’t seem to be afraid of
it.
He
seems quite sure of
it.
She
appeared to be very fond of the
book.
连系动词后接不定式
■连系动词
My
dream is to be a
scientist.
All
you have to do is to
listen.
■seem, appear,
prove, turn out,
grow
The
man seemed to be ill.
The
plan proved to be
useful.
He
appears to know
this.
The
weather turned out to be
fine.
He
has grown to like studying
English.
若所接不定式为to be,通常可以省略。
■sound, smell,
feel, taste,
become
误:These oranges
taste to be good. (应去掉
误:The roses smell
to be nice. (应去掉
连系动词look后有时也可接to
be,但以省略to be
系动词可用于被动语态吗
由于英语的系动词均“不及物”,所以它们不能用于被动语态。但是,值得注意的是,英语中表示感官的系动词,如feel(摸起来,感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来,吃起来)
玻璃摸起来是光滑的。
误:Glass is felt smooth.
正:Glass feels smooth.
析:汉语说“摸起来”,其实就是指“被摸起来”,似乎含有被动意义,很容易错用被动语态。
这牛奶闻起来有酸味了。
误:The milk is smelt sour.
正:The milk smells sour.
析:汉语说“闻起来”,其实就是指“被闻起来”,似乎含有被动意义,很容易错用被动语态。