感官动词详解
(2014-05-03 15:48:02)
标签:
教育 |
分类: 动词;语态 |
(A)
see/notice/look/watch/notice/observe/listen_to/hear/feel(Vt)/taste(Vt)/smell(Vt)
(B)
be/get/become/feel/look/sound/smell/taste/keep/stay/seem/
appear/grow/turn/prove/remain/go/run
一、see, hear, feel,
watch,
look,这五个动词均可作连系动词,后面接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为"看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……"。除look之外,其它几个动词的主语往往是物,而不是人。感官动词look,
例如:
These flowers smell very sweet.这些花闻起来很香。
The tomatoes feel very
soft.这些西红柿摸起来很软。
He
His
The
The
The
It
The
The
The
I
They
这些动词都不用于被动语态和进行时态。如:
The
二、这些动词后面也可接介词like短语,like后面常用名词。例如:
Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。
sound
look
He
That
It
It
It
三、这五个感官动词也可作实义动词,除look(当"看起来……"讲时)只能作不及物动词外,其余四个既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,其主语通常是人。例如:
She smelt the meat.她闻了闻那块肉。
I felt in my pocket for
cigarettes.我用手在口袋里摸香烟。
Darling, did you hear something?亲爱的,你听到什么了吗?
Have you heard the news?你听到这消息了吗?
四、taste,
smell作不及物动词时,可用于"taste / smell + of
+名词"结构,意为"有……味道/气味"。例如:
The air in the room smells of
earth.房间里的空气有股泥土味。
五、它们(sound除外)可以直接作名词,与have或take构成短语。例如:
May I have a taste of the
mooncakes?我可以尝一口这月饼吗?
六、其中look, sound, feel还能构成"look / sound / feel + as if
+从句"结构,意为"看起来/听起来/感觉好像……"。例如:
It looks as if our class is going to win.看来好像我们班要获胜了
七. 感官动词 +宾语+宾补
see,
A 这类表示感觉的动词主要有see,hear,feel,smell以及listen(to),notice和watch。它们可与宾语+ 现在分词连用,“看到/听到/注意到某人正在做某事”,doing sth.强调动作正在进行。如:
I
She
We
that
I saw them playing football on the playground.我看到他们在操场上踢球。
I hear the telephone ringing.我听见电话铃在响。
We heard someone reading English.
I saw a thief stealing a wallet yesterday.
I
see him passing my
house.
Didn’t you hear the clock
striking?
I felt the car
skidding.
She smelt something burning and saw smoke
rising.
I watched them rehearsing the
play.
由现在分词表示的动作可以是到目前已结束的,也可以是仍在进行的。I saw him changing the
wheel(我看见他在换轮子)可以指看见了动作的整个过程,也可指只看见动作的一部分。
B
see,hear,feel以及 listen(to),notice 和 watch后面也可接宾语+
不带to的不定式,“看到/听到/注意到某人做某事”,do
sth.指动作的全过程,强调结果。如:
I saw him walk out of the shop.
I saw him come into the classroom.我看到他走进了教室。
I
often see teachers help students with their difficulties in their
office.
We saw
him leave the
house.
I heard him make arrangements for his
journey.
这里的不定式含有整个动作结束了的意思,I saw him change the
wheel意指我看到了动作的全过程。
C 两种形式的比较
由于现在分词既可表示动作到目前为止已结束,也可表示仍在进行之中,所以它的用法较为普遍。但意欲强调这一动作到目前为止已经结束时,要用不带to的不定式,此外,表达一连串的动作时它比分词形式在形式上要简练些:
注释:省略to的动词不定式--to
比较下列句子:
I saw him repair his bike. 我看见他修了他的自行车。(他已修完了自行车)
I saw him repairing his bike. 我看见他正在修他的自行车。(并没有看到他是否已修完)
I saw him work in the garden
yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden
yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
I often see Mike play basketball in the playground on
weekends.
I saw Mike playing basketball in the playground at this time
yesterday.
see
类似用法的词还有:
feel 觉得
observe 注意到,看到
overhear听到
watch注视
listen
to听
notice注意
see看见
look at看
hear听
I saw him enter the room,unlock a drawer,take out a
document,photo-graph it and put it back.
我看见他进了屋,打开抽屉,拿出文件,拍完照又放了回去。
I
I
I
①上述感觉动词与使役动词(如make,
let,have等)转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如:
see
hear
We
→
I
→
I saw him go upstairs just now.
→He was seen to go upstairs just now
I
heard her sing an English song just now.
→She was heard to sing an English song just
now.
I saw him come.
→He
was seen to come.
②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this
season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。
八. 注意
(1)Feel 和 Feeling 感觉的正确用法
①.基本说明
feel 是感官动词,后面通常接形容词来形容感觉,如果需要后接一个句子,
则用 feel like 或 feel as if/though 带出。feeling
是它的名词,
当在描述你的感觉时多用复数形式加上 –s。
② 错误发生及修正
A. feel 后面接了不正确的词性
例:I feel terribly about this accident. (X)
I feel terrible about this accident. (O)
我对这起意外感到很难过。
记得 feel 后面要接形容词,其它类似的感官动词包括
smell (闻起来), sound (听起来), taste (尝起来) 等,
另外等于 be 动词作用的连缀动词 look (看起来), seem (好像是)
后面也是接形容词。
B. 用到 feel like 但是后面没有接子句
例:You feel like in a jungle when you live in the city.
(X)
You feel like you are in a jungle when you live in the city.
(O)
当你住在城市里,会感觉好像住再丛林一样。
feel like 还有 feel as if/though
后面都是接有主词有动词的子句。
C. feeling 用了单数表达感觉
例:It is necessary to express your feeling from time to time.
(X)
It is necessary to express your feelings from time to time.
(O)
不时表达你的感觉是必要的。
feelings 用复数形是指你对某事的看法观感。
例:My own feelings are that you shouldn’t be so mean to your
sister.
我的感觉是你不用对你姐姐那么坏。
例:He used to hide his feelings in front of
people.
他以前习惯在别人面前隐藏起他的感觉。
(2).表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。
believe, doubt, see, hear, know, understand, belong, think,
consider, feel, look, seem, show, mind, have sound, taste, require,
possess, care, like ,hate, love, detest,
desire.
感官动词表示被动含义时,不能用于进行时态;感官动词表示主动含义可以用于进行式。hear, see通常分别以其相应意义的介系词动词
listen to,look at的进行式来代替。
I feel some fruit juices on the soles of my feet.我感觉到我脚底有果汁。
I feel a pin in it somewhere.我感觉到这里什么地方有一根针。
表示被动含义。
I am feeling a pain in my tooth.我感觉牙痛。
I'm feeling the fur coat.我在摸这件毛皮大衣。
表示主动含义。