英语部分倒装用法

部分倒装：是指将谓语的一部分如助动词系动词或情态动词放到主语前，结构为V1+S+V2。和一般疑问句一样，举例Do you like football? Can you speak English?此时我们要注意添加的助动词必须要和句子主语的人称，时态，语态保持一致。

 

部分倒装类型归纳：

1. 疑问句中，一般须部分倒装。如：

How long have you been here? 你来这儿多长时间了？

What do you think about the movie? 你认为这场电影怎么样？

Why doesn’t he come here? 他为什么没来这儿？

注意：当对句子的主语提问时，一般不用倒装语序。如：

Who did it just now? 刚才谁干的？

What happened last night? 昨天晚上发生了什么事？

 

    2. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装

在正式文体中，否定词no, none, neither, nor, nobody, nothing, never, , nowhere, no longer或半否定词hardly, seldom, ，rarely ,scarcely, barely, little, few, 否定词的短语not until, by no means, not only…but also…, in no way, neither …nor…, in no time, no sooner…than…, hardly…when…, 等

Neither do I know him. 我也不认识他。

No word did he say before he left. 他一句话没说就走了。

Little did I know about it. 我对它了解得不多。

Not only did he come, but also he brought us good news. 他不但来了，而且给我们带来了好消息。

I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。

He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。

She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。

He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。

We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。

 Never before have I seen such a wonderful film．

我从未看过如此精彩的影片。

Little did I suspect that he was suffering from cancer．

Not until the day before yesterday did I realize my mistake．

Not a word did we hear from the chairman of the board．

No longer is he studying in this school．他不再在这所学校学习了。

Never before have we seen such a sight.

Little did I think that he could be back alive.

Not a single mistake did he make.

Seldom does he go to see his parents.

Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift.

Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.

Not only is he a scientist but also a musician.

Not only does the earth move around the sun but also it is moving itself.

Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.

Hardly had I got on the bus when the bus started.

【注意】

(1) 对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：

He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。

(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：

On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。

In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。

但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：

In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。

 

3. 以频度副词开头引出的倒装

以always, usually, often, now and then, many a time, every day等频度副词位于句首，且表示强调时，用部分倒装；但若不强调时，也可不用倒装。如：

Often did we warn him not to do so. 我曾常常警告他不要那样做。

Often did he come here with a good smile on his face. 他来这里时，脸上挂着笑容。

Often he walked. 他过去经常步行。

Then did I throw myself into a chair, exhausted. 这时我累得一下就坐在椅子上了。

Then I went back to my own room. 于是我回到自己的房间去。

 

4.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装

当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：

Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。

Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。

 Only in this way can we fulfil the task ahead of schedule．

Only when I got there did I know the truth. 我只有到那里时才知道事情的真相。

Only in the morning can you meet him. 你只有在早晨见到他。

注意：

(1) Only + 状语不在句首时，不可倒装，如：

I wrote to him only yesterday. 我就在昨天给它取了封信。

(2) Only + 名词做主语时，不可倒装。如：

Only Li Lei can answer this question. 只有李蕾能回答这个问题。

 

5. “so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装

副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：

如结构so…that…/ such…that…引导状语从句，当so或such提到句首时，主句须用倒装语序。如：

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。

So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。

So interesting is that story that everyone wants to read it. 那个故事那么有趣，大家都想看。

So good a girl is she that we all like her. 她是一个如此好的女孩，我们大家都喜欢她。

(比较) Such a good girl is she that we all like her. 她是一个如此好的女孩，我们大家都喜欢她。

 

 

6.“so+助动词+主语”倒装

当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者(即 当so 用来连接不同的人或物具有相同的情况时)，可用部分倒装。通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：

—Tom can speak Chinese. 汤姆会讲汉语。

—So can Mary. 玛丽也会讲汉语。

—Mr. Li has gone to America. 李先生去美国了。

—So has Mrs. Li. 李夫人也去美国了。

You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。

She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。

If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。

【注意】

(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor：

You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。

She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。

(2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意(即若是对同一个人或事的情况表示肯定而重复时)，不能倒装,用“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的：

"It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”

"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”

—Li Lei is good at his lessons. 李蕾的功课学得好。

—So he is. 他的确学得好。

—Wei Fang went to the cinema last night. 魏方昨晚去看过电影。

—So she did. 她的确去看过

 

7. 由not only…but also引出的倒装

当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：

Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。

 

8. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装

当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，形成部分倒装。如：

Were he here, we would have no difficulty with it. 要是他在这儿的话，我们就不会有难处了。

Had you worked hard, you would have finished it early. 要是你工作努力的话，你将早就完成了。

Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。
Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。

Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。

【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词：

Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。

当虚拟条件句的谓语含有were, had, should时，可将if省略，而将were, had, should提到句首，

 

9. as / though引导让步状语从句时，一般须用部分倒装。

as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。此时，要注意两点：①若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；②若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词)，与之连用的通常是may, might, will, would等，且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后)；③though有时也可像as这样使作倒装。如：

Child as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他是小孩，但却很懂了。

Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 虽然我很喜欢你，但我不能和你一起生活。

Try as he might, he couldn’t open the door. 虽然他试过几次，但仍不能把门打开。

Old as / though he is, he works like a young man. 尽管他很老了，但他工作起来却像个年轻人。

Hard as / though he was working, he didn’t pass the exam. 虽然他一直在努力学习，但他还是没有通过那次考试。

Try again as / though he will, he can’t succeed. 尽管他还会再试一试，但是它不会成功。

as / though引起的倒装分三种情况：表语、动词原形及状语的倒装。

(1) 表语的倒装。一般直接将表语提前到句首，若表语是带不定冠词a / an的单数可数名词，倒装后，不定冠词a / an须被省略。如：

Fine as / though he looks, he is ill with some serious diseases.

Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.

(2) 原形动词的倒装。A. 动词前面带有情态动词may, might, will, would, can, could等时，只将行为动词提到句首，而这些情态动词保留在原处。B. 若动词前面没有情态动词时，应在动词原来的位置加上助动词do的适当形式。C. 用于这一句型的动词一般是不及物动词，而不能是系动词或及物动词。如：

Swim as / though he can, he can’t swim so far. 尽管他会游泳，但是他游不得那么远。

Run as / though he did, he didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus. 虽然他跑，但是他跑得不够快而没有赶上汽车。

(3) 状语倒装。如：

In the classroom as / though he stays, he doesn’t read his texts. 尽管他呆在教室里，但他不读书。

Ccarefully as / though he worked, he made some mistakes. 尽管他工作很细心，但还是除了一些差错。

 

10. may用来表示祝愿时，一般用部分倒装。如：

May you have a good journey. 祝你旅途愉快。

May you succeed. 祝你成功。

11. 感叹句中的倒装。如：

Isn’t it beautiful!  难道还不漂亮！

Aren’t you content with it!  难道还不知足！

 

12. Such is life之类的倒装

这类句子中的 such 其实为表语，真正的主语是其后的 life。如：

Such is his nature. 他的本性就这样。

Such were his words. 这就是他所说的话。

 

 

单选题中的“倒装句”

1.     Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else ______ such a beautiful palace.

A. can you find      B. you could find     

C. you can find       D. could you find

2. Never before _______ in greater need of morden public transport than it is today.

A. has this city been  B. this city has been   

C. was this city       D. this city was

3. In the dark forests _______ , some large enough to hold several English towns.

A. stand many lakes  B. lie many lakes      C. many lakes lie      D.many lakes stand

4. They have a good knowledge of English but little ______ they know about German.

A. have     B. did        C. had         D. do

5. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _____.

  A. so does John           B. John does too      

 C. John doesn’t too     D. nor does John

6. I failed in the final examination last term and only then _____ the importance of studies.

A.  I realized              B.I had realized       

C. had I realized       D. did I realized

7. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _____.

A. anyone          B. anyone else       

C. no one            D. no one else

8. So difficult _____it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.

A. I did find             B. did I find           

C. I have found       D. have I found

9.—-It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?

——Yes. ________yesterday.

A.So was it         B.So it was          

C.So it is              D.So is it

10.Only then___________how much damage had been caused.

A.she realized             B.she had realized     C.had she realized     D.did she realize

11．Never in my wildest dreams _____ these people are living in such poor conditions．

A．I could imagine 

B．could I imagine   

C．I couldn’t imagine 

D．couldn’t I imagine 

12.At the foot of the mountain _____ .

A.a village lie               B.lies a village        

C.does a village lie    D.lying a village

 

 

 

Keys: 1-5  A A B D D  6-10 C B B AD  11-12 BB

1. Not until he failed in the exam ______ how serious the problems was.

   A. has he realized    B. did he realize     C. that he realized     D. he did realize

2. Only in this way ______ to improve the operating system.

   A. you can hope       B. you did hop       

   C. can you hope       D. did you hope

3. He has been to America twice, _______.

   A. so have I          B. so I have          

   C. I have so          D. so did I

4. No sooner _______ at the desk than the telephone rang.

A. had he sat down   B. did he sat down      

C. he had sat down   D. he sat down

5. “Never______to hurt your feeling while I was expressing myself in the discussion”. Explained Jim.

  A. I expected               B. expected  I       

  C. had I expected      D. did I expect

6. So absorbed______ in the research that she didn’t hear someone knocking at the door.

  A. she did            B. did she           

  C. she was           D. was she

7. _______ , he does get angry with her sometimes.

  A. As he likes her much                  

  B. Though much he likes her

  C. Much as he likes her                  

  D. Much even if he likes her

8. —I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!  —____________

A. Nor am I                  B. Neither would I    

C. Same with me.      D. So do I

 

 

(Keys: BCAA CDCB)

 

 

Now lets’ do some exercises to check your understanding about inversion.

1. She has never sung so beautifully. ____________________________________.

2. I shall never forget that day I saw the famous scientist.

_________________________________________________________.

3. I hardly thought it possible.  ___________________________________.

4. I did not hear that he was going abroad until then.

_____________________________________________________.

5. He didn’t go home until he finished his homework.

_____________________________________________________.

6. The bell had no sooner rung than the students rushed out of the classroom.

_________________________________________________________.

Answers 1.     Never has she sung so beautifully. 2.     Never shall I forget that day I saw the famous scientist. 3.     Hardly did I think it possible. 4.     Not until then did I hear that he was going abroad. 5.     Not until finished his homework did he go home. 6.     No sooner had the bell rung than the students rushed out of the classroom.