现在完成时的被动语态
(2014-04-28 20:01:24)分类: 动词;语态 |
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态是本单元所学的语法项目,也是高考中经常考查的一项内容。下面我们谈谈它的用法。
一、概念
主动语态表示主语为动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,但主语为动作的承受者,表示“……已经被……”。如:
The new school has been set up. 新学校已经建成了。
二、形式
现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式为:have/ has +been +done。如:
The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。
现在完成时的被动语态的否定式为:have/ has +not +been +done。如:
Tom’s novel has not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。
现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将have /has提到主语的前面。如:
Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗?
现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为:疑问词+have /has +been +done? 如:
Who has been invited? 谁受到了邀请?
现在完成时被动语态的结构就是
1.
2.
现在完成时被动语态的构成
1.现在完成时被动语态的肯定式
由“have
Two
2.现在完成时被动语态的否定式
由“have
The
3.现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式
由“Have
①─Has
─Yes,it
②─Have
─No,they
4.现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式
由“疑问词+have/has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如:
How
Who
How
三、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法
1.表示被动的动作发生在说话之前(即现在的过去),强调对现在造成的影响和结果。
例如:The
Recently the price of TV sets has
been cut.
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能将持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于How
例如:They
How
Many
of the world's greatest cities have been built on the banks of a
river.世界上许多伟大的城市都是依河而建的。
St Petersburg has also been the center of many important events in
history.
3. 现在完成时主动句和被动句之间的转换:
如果要将现在完成时的主动句转换成被动句,则要把其宾语变为主语,谓语动词变为被动结构,主语变为由介词引导的状语或直接将其省略;反之,如果要把被动句变为主动句,则恢复其原来的主语,谓语动词套用主动结构。例如:
1. 主动句:
They have asked him some
questions.
2.
主动句:
He
has eaten the
cake.
被动句
The
cake has been eaten by
him.
3.
主动句:
被动句:
4. 主动句:
被动句:
She hasn't been heard from since
then.
四、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1.现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词,即
2.注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。
例如:The
The
【误】Many new buildings been built since 1980.
【正】Many new buildings have been built since 1980.
【析】谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。
3.由finish,buy,start,begin,post,return,borrow,
例如:译:这本书买了多久了?
误:How
正:How
但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有延续性,因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。
例如:No
4.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在被动结构中要保持完整性,不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。
例如:The
5. 必须表示被动。如:
【误】Something bad has been happened to him.
【正】Something bad has happened to him.
【析】被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词,不及物动词没有被动语态。
【误】The door has been opened of itself.
【正】The door has opened of itself.
【析】有些动词如open,break,drop等既可以作及物动词,又可以作不及物动词,若不强调谁是动作的发出者,我们通常用主动语态。of itself意思是“自动地”,因此,此句不可用被动语态。
【误】I have introduced to Mr Smith.
【正】I have been introduced to Mr Smith (by Mr Wang).
【析】introduce为及物动词,I是introduce动作的承受者,应用被动语
巩固练习
1.
Paper money
A.
used
C.
has used
2.
Great
changes,
A. have been taken place; are being set up
B. have taken place; have been set up
C. are taken place; had been set up
D. had taken place; will be set up
3.
Come and sit down by the fire. Your hands
A.
have been felt
C.
are
felt
4.
The fire
A. has got; Have; been saved
B. has been got; Have, saved
C. has got; Do; save
D. has got; Have; saved
5. —We want to sit at the table near the window.
—I’m
sorry, but it
A.
has taken
C.
was taken
【巩固练习】1.
A.
C.
2.
A.
C.
3.
A.
C.
4.
A.
C.
5.
A.
C.
6.
7.-How
A.
C.
8.
A.
B.
C.
D.
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
10.
A.
C.
11.
A.
B.
C.
D.
12.
A.
C.
13.
A.
C.
14.
A.
B.
C.
D.
15.-Will
A.
16.
A.
B.
C.
17.
A.
C.
18.
A.
B.
C.
D.
19.
A.
20.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Choose the best answer.
1.Paper money ____ for over a thousand years.
A.used
C.has
used
2.Great changes ____ in my hometown and a lot of factories ____.
A.have been taken placeare being set up
B.have taken place; have been set up
C.are taken place; had been set up
D.had taken place; will be set up
3.Come and sit down by the fire.Your hand ____ cold.
A.has been
felt
C.is
felt
4.The fire ____to the fifth floor.____ all the people____?
A.has got;Have;been saved
B.has been got;Have;saved
C.has got;Do;save
D.has got;Have;saved
5.—We want to sit at the table near the window.
—I’m sorry,but it ____ already.
A.has
taken
C.was
taken
6.Some of the chapters(片段)____ by many students.
A.have been widely read
B.have read widely
C.were wide read
D.had been widely read
7.Why don’t you go to the book store to buy some books?Many new books ___ there.
A.have just brought
B.have just been brought
C.were just brought
D.are just brought
8.Till now,three films ____ in that small village this month.
A.have
shown
A.has
caught
10.My sister is working in the power plant that ___ for just one year.
A.was
used
C.is
used
Key: