初二下英语（广州最新教材）

Unit 4  Cartoons and comic strips

 

一、课文再现

二、重点知识

三、知识详解

四、语法讲解

 

一、课文再现

 

How to make a cartoon

First, you need to decide on some basic ideas for a story.

This story is about a robot, Han. He always forgets things.

One day, Han meets his friends Sarah and Tim at the underground station. He says, “I’m happy.I bought a new notebook. Now I won’t forget things.”

Sarah says, “Yes, I have one too. Here it is.”

Tim asks, “Where’s yours, Han?”

Han says, “Oh, no! I forgot to bring it!”

In the second stage, think about the kinds of characters you want and what they will look like.

Han is a tall robot. He has square eyes. They are actually video cameras. Tim wears glasses, so he looks clever. Sarah is a pleasant girl. She has straight, black hair.

Now make a rough sketch of the story.

Next, use a computer to draw detailed pictures and add colour. To make the characters and things appear to move, each picture should be made a little different from the one before it.

In the next stage, a computer program is used to put the pictures together as a film.

Finally, record the voices and sound effects. The actors will do the characters’ voices. Their speech must match the pictures. Sound effects, like the noise of the underground, must also be added separately .

After everything has been checked, the cartoon is ready to be played for everyone to enjoy.

 

二、重点知识

Words

 

cartoon n. 动画片；卡通片

warning       n. 警告；警示

role-play      v. 角色扮演

symbol        n. 符号

*bubble       n. 泡；气泡

thought       n. 心思；思想

*rough       adj. 粗略的  

*sketch        n. 速写；概述

program             n. 程序  

record         v. 录制；录（音）

*effect        n. 效果

basic     adj. 基本的；基础的

stage       n. 段；步；步骤

pleasant       adj. 友好和善的；文雅的

*detailed      adj. 详细的；细致的

appear         v. 显得；看来；似乎

actor          n. 演员

match         v. 与……相配

separately    adv. 单独地；分别地

play           v. 播放

score   v. 得分

team      n.队

star n.明星，体坛高手

mystery  n. 神秘

island  n. 岛

storm    n. 暴风雨

jacket  n. 夹克衫；短上衣

wave     n. 海浪；波浪；波涛

 

 

phrases:

 

comic strip             连环漫画  

pop out        （眼睛）（因激动惊奇）睁大；瞪起

decide on   决定；选定

video camera          摄像机

play against       同......比赛

weather forecast       天气预报

life jacket         救生衣

thank goodness        谢天谢地

make it            获得成功

 

 

 

Synonyms:

thought=mind; idea

basic = the most necessary (part)

stage = a separate part

pleasant = friendly and polite

appear = seem

separately = not together  

star = a famous and excellent singer, performer, sports player, etc.

decide on = choose

make it = be successful

 

 

三、知识详解

 

知识点讲解与拓展：

1.       character：n. 人物、角色

Yue Fei is a great historical character.

2.       think of 考虑、思考

I’m thinking of going to Paris for vacation.

拓展：think of：想起、记起   I can’t think of his name.

      think of：对……有某种看法，常用于“What do you think of…”句型中  What do you think of the book？

3.       add… to…& add to

add… to…	把……加到……上	Please add some salt to the water.
add to	添加，增添（欢乐、困难等抽象名词）	Do you have anything to add to the list?

4.       record v. 录音

I’ve recorded the whole concert.

拓展：record n. 记录  set the record创造记录  break the record打破记录    hold the record保持记录

5.       decide on 决定、选定

What made you decide on Plan A?

6.       basic adj. 基础的，基本的

拓展：base— basis (n.)基础— basic (adj.)基本的— basically (adv,)基本上

7.       Here it is.

以here和there开头的句子，若后面的主语为人称代词，主谓不倒装；若后面的主语为名词，主谓倒装。

Here you are.  给你。               Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。

8.       forget v. 忘记

forget to do	忘记要做某事（动作没发生）	I forget to turn off the light.
forget doing	忘记做过某事（动作已发生）	I forget opening the door.

9.       look like 看上去像

Tom looks like his father.

拓展：提问长相： What do/ dose sb. look like?

      提问性格： What is sb. like?

10.    appear v. 显得，看来，似乎

A woman suddenly appeared in the doorway.

拓展：appear （to be）+ adj./ n.    She appears (to be) happy at the news.

      appear to do sth.      You appear to travel quite a lot.

11.    a little& a bit

1) 两者都可以作副词用，用来修饰形容词（原级或比较级），或动词。

   I’m a little/ bit hungry.

2) 用作形容词做定语时，a little修饰不可数名词，而a bit后面加of再加不可数名词。

   There’s a little water.= There’s a bit of water.

12.    be ready to do sth.  已完成某事，准备好做某事

The contract will be ready to sign in two weeks.

拓展：be/ get ready for sth. 为……做好准备  Are you ready for your teast?

13.    as well as 并且，还。用来连接并列成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一主语保持一致。

She is clever as well as beautiful.

14.    how to do  疑问词+ to do

I don’t know how to do it.

拓展：what to do做什么   where to go去哪里    why to do为什么做

15.    Don’t+ 动词原形.

否定祈使句，意为“不要……，禁止……”   Don’t play jokes on me, will you?

16.    the same as…  和……一样

The twins look the same as each other.

拓展：be different from  与……不同      London was different from most European capitals.

17.    look 连系动词，意为“看起来，看上去”，厚街形容词作表语。

Alice looks happy today.

拓展：连系动词还有：:be(是), look(看起来), feel(摸上去), seem(似乎是), appear(似乎、显得), prove(证明是), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来)等

18.    Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

在let引导的祈使句中，sb可以是名词，也可以说代词的宾格。 Let him go.

let是使役动词，常用的使役动词还有：make，have，leave等。 They made me repeat the story.

19.    a pair of+ 不可数名词/ 可数名词的复数      a pair of shoes

20.    look out= pay attention to 当心、注意

Look out！There is a car coming！

拓展：look out of… 向外看……     She stopped writing and looked out of the window.

21.    pick up 捡起，拾起

She pick up a flower on the road.

拓展：pick up sth. 捡起某物，当sth.是人称代词的宾格时，放在pick之后，如：pick it up。当sth.是名词时，可以放在pick up中间或up之后，如：pick the pen up= pick up the pen。

22.    in trouble 在困境中

He’s in trouble, let’s help him.

拓展：与trouble相关的短语：get into trouble惹上麻烦     have trouble（in）doing sth.做某事有困难

23.    success n. 成功

I wish you success with your studies.

拓展：succeed v. 成功。succeed in doing sth.

      successful adj. 成功的。    His business is successful.

24.    tell sb sth. 告诉某人某事    He told me the reason.

tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事   The teacher told him to clean the classroom.

tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不做某事    He told us not to buy clothes in this store.

25.    laugh at 嘲笑

Don’t laugh at him, please.

 

练习：

1. What do you _____ your hometown?  It is very beautiful. I love it very much.  

A.look at     B.talk about     

C.think of    D.think over  

2. When I was in the supermarke, I forgot _____ money with me.  

A.to take     B.to taking    

C.taking      D.bringing  

3. Could you give me some advice? I don’t know ______. Why don’t you wear this red shirt? 

A.when to wear     B.what to wear   

 C.how to wear       D.where to wear 

4. Most of my classmates don’t like to talk to teir parents, but I am ____ them. 

A.different from    B.surprised at    

C.the same as          D.proud of  

5. Where’s your ticket? Show _______ , please. 

 A.me it    B.it me    C.me to it   D.it to me  

6. --Tom, ______ read books while you are walking in the street. It’s very dangerous.  --OK, thank you.  

 A.don’t   B.doesn’t   C.won’t  D.can’t 

7. He ________ a piece of waste paper, and put it into the rubbish bag.  

A.picked up    B.threw away    

C.looked for   D.handed in 

8. I’t sure our football team will ______ this match.We’re the best.   

A.win    B.fail    C.lose   D.beat 

9. Our teacher often tells us ______ in the river. It’s dangerous.  

A.don’t swim    B.not swim   

C.not to swim   D.not swimming 

10. Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information ______ in a short time.  

A.can be learned    B.has been learned    

C.can learn               D.has learned 

 

四、语法讲解

 

语法——被动语态（2）

一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

 

二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换

   主动语态

We   Visited  that factory  last summer

主语   谓语    宾语       状语

 被动语态

That factory  was visited  by us  last summer

   主语            谓语      宾语     状语

 

三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比

时态	主动语态	被动语态
一般现在时 am / is / are + P.P.	（1）Do they speak French ? （2）They don’t use the room .	Is French spoken by them ? The room isn’t used by them .
一般过去时 was / were + p.p.	（1）The hunter killed a tiger . （2）He wrote many stories last year .	A tiger was killed by the hunter . Many stories was written by him last year .
现在进行时 am / is / are +being +p.p.	（1）These workers are building a new bridge . （2）He is mending his car .	A new bridge is being built by these workers . His car is being mended by him .
过去进行时 was / were + being + p.p.	（1）He was selling books . （2）They were discussing the plan at that time .	Books were being built by him . The plan was being discussed by them at that time .
现在完成时 have / has + been + p. p.	（1）She has learned many English words . （2）He has finished the work .	Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by him .
过去完成时 had + been + p.p.	（1）They has solved the problem . （2）We had told him the news by then .	The problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us .
一般将来时 shall / will be + p.p.	（1）I shall make a plan . （2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour .	A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour .
过去将来时 would be + p.p. was/ were going to be + p.p.	（1）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week .	He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put by them the next week .
情态动词 can / may / must / should + be + p.p.	（1）We should hand in our homework . （2）You must answer the question in English .	Our homework should be handed in by us . The question must be answered in English by you .

 

四. 如何正确使用被动语态

1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。

eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）

（被动语态）

  

▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass等。

2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。

eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）

           

   She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）

▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。

3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”

2.

比较：1.

          

4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。

eg：

        

          

 

五、不能用被动语态的情况

1.       不及物动词不能用于被动语态，如：appear，rise，die，happen，break out，take place等

2.       表状态动词不能用于被动语态，如：hold，have，cost，contain，become，look like等

3.       某些动词的进行时可表示被动，如：The meat is cooking. 肉正在煮着。

4.       主动形式表示被动意义。

1)       某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义，如：look，smell，taste，feel，prove，wear，sound等。 eg：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.

2)       动名词的主动形式表被动语态，如：want，deserve，need，require，take，worth等。

The book is worth reading.      这本书值得读。

The children need looking after.  孩子们需要照顾。

3)       某些做表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表被动意义。

The conversation is hard to understand.    这个对话很难理解。

The fish is not easy to fish.       鱼不容易上钩。

The passage is difficult to read.   这段文章很难读懂。

 

练习：

1. The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _________.

A. invents            B. invented      

C. is invented      D. was invented

2. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, _________well.

A. sells                        B. sell           

C. is sold                     D. are sold

3. The sports meeting _________next month.

A. will hold

B. is going to hold             

C. will be held

4. —Excuse me. I'm looking for Be the Best of Yourself.    —Sorry. The book you ask for____ out.

A. is selling         B. is sold   

C. was selling     D. will be sold

5. Annie ________ to the party. She had a wonderful time with us.

    A. invites               B. is invited       

    C. was invited       D. has invited

6. Many houses ______ in the earthquake of April 20, 2013 in Ya’an.

A. is destroyed      B. are destroyed  

C was destroyed   D. were destroyed

7. Han Han’s books are popular. They ________ by many teenagers.

A. is read            B. was read       

C. are read         D. were read

8.  Teenagers________allowed to drive.

A. should not be     B. should be not   

C. not should be

9. —At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.

   —More chances _______ to students to learn from each other.

   A. offer                     B. are offered    

   C. have offered     D. are offering

10. —I want to borrow the book, but I don’t know how long it may ________.    —For two weeks.

       A. keep                 B. be borrowed       

       C. borrow             D. be kept

11. Many trees _______ on the streets every years. So the air is very fresh now.

    A. plant          B. are planted        

    C. planted        D. were planted

12. —Didn't you see the sign "No Parking!" on the right?    —Sorry, I didn't. But now I know parking ________ here.

A. wasn't allowed    B. isn't allowed          C. won't allow           D. doesn't allow

13. From May 6, pedestrians(行人) ________10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beijing traffic authorities.　

　　A. will fine　      B. were fined  

        C. are fine           D. will be fined

14.—What languages ______ in that country'?   —German and English

A. are speaking          B. are spoken            C. speak                        D. is spoken

15. A year has four seasons and it ________ twelve different star signs.

A. divided into      B. is dividing into       

C.  divided into      D is divided into

16. The child without parents ______ good care of by his teachers in this special school.

  A. is taken              B. are taken

  C. take                      D. takes

17.. — Clark, your room is really in a mess. It needs ________． — Sorry, mum. I'll do it at once.

       A. clean               B. cleaned   

       C. to clean           D. to be cleaned

18. — “Frog”， Mo Yan's latest novel, please! — Sorry, it ________ just now. But it will come out again soon.

A. sold out           B. is sold out   

C. has sold out    D. was sold out

19. —Do you know Earth Day?   —Sure. It         in 1970 to tell us to protect our planet.

A. sets up                    B. set up               

C. is set up                  D. was set up

20．A lot of trees _____around here every year，and we can enjoy fresher air now．

A．were planted   B．are planted                  

C．will plant          D．are planting