表示“虽然， 即使， 尽管”的让步状语从句的用法

　　1. although， though， even though， even if都表示“虽然， 即使， 尽管”之意，

though 和although 语气较弱(其中的though 比although 通俗, 不如although 正式)， even if和even though 带有强调意味而显得语气更强。例如：

Although they are poor, they are happy. 虽然他们很穷， 但很快乐。

Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat. 天气虽然很冷, 但他没有穿大衣就出去了。

Though they may not succeed, they will still try. 即使他们可能不会成功， 但他们仍努力尝试。

The article is very important though it is short. 那篇文章虽然很短， 但很重要。

He is better, though not yet cured. 他好一点了， 虽仍未痊愈。

Even though it was raining, she walked to work. 即使下雨， 她也是走着去工作的。

I’ll visit him this evening even if I can stay only a few minutes. 今晚我将去拜访他， 即使我只能停留一小会儿。

 

　　注意： though 引导的让步状语从句的用法比较特殊， 它可以倒装， 也可以不倒装， 具体用法参见as引导让步状语从句的用法。

　　

 

       2. as引导让步状语从句表示“虽然、 即使、 尽管”， 其引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构， as引导的倒装形式的让步状语从句的基本结构为：

形容词/副词/名词(单数可数名词前一般不带冠词， 有时也可见单数可数名词前形容词与不定冠词连用、 形容词放在不定冠词前)/动词/过去分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分。

注意体会下列典型例句：

Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. 这位作者尽管了不起， 到头来却成了一个坏榜样。

Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true. 这个故事看似荒唐， 却是真的。

 Rich as he is, he is not happy. 虽然他很富有， 但他并不幸福。

Child as he is, he can tell black from white.(倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词)尽管还是个孩子， 他却能分辨黑白。

 Brave (a) man as he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢， 可见到蛇还是发抖。

Badly wounded as he was, he remained quite optimistic. 尽管伤势很重， 他仍然十分乐观。

Try as he would, he could not lift the rock. 虽然尽了最大努力， 但是他仍然不能搬动那块石头。

　　［考题1］ We had to wait half an hour ____ we had already booked a table.

　　A. since B. although C. until D. before

　　

 

 

 

 

［答案］ B

　　［解析］ 下划线处之后所述的“我们已经预订了一桌”与前面所述的“我们已经不得不等了半个小时”之间语意相反， 四个选项中although表示“即便……”， 引导让步状语从句最为合适。

　　［考题2］ ____ most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious.

　　A. As   B. Once   C. If    D. Although

　　

 

 

 

 

［答案］ D

　　［解析］ 句意为： 虽然地球表面覆盖着水， 但是纯净水仍然很稀有、 珍贵。下划线处应引导让步状语从句， 填入although最为合适。

　　［考题3］ ____ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.

　　A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although

　　

 

 

 

［答案］ D

　　［解析］ 下划线处应引导让步状语从句， 填入although最为合适。

　　［考题4］ Although he is considered a great writer, ____.

　　A. his works are not widely read

　　B. but his works are not widely read

　　C. however his works are not widely 

             read

　　D. still his works are not widely read

　　

 

 

 

［答案］ A

　　［解析］ 英语不允许在连词although、 though引导的让步状语从句之后的主句句首重复使用连词， 如果要在复合句中强调某种特别的意义， 可以在主句的句首加上yet、 still等副词。例如： Although she has a lot of money, (yet/still) she is not happy. 虽然她很有钱， 但是她并不快乐。

　　本题题干中没有通过特定的语境暗示需要对主句进行特别强调， 因此只需用although引导让步状语从句即可， 不必在主句的句首加副词(更不能在主句的句首加连词)。注意： 本题中的works指“作品、 著作”， 例如表达“莎士比亚的作品”可以用“the works of Shakespeare”。

　　［考题5］ There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, ____ she was an only child.

　　A. ever since         B. now that

        C. even though     D. even as

　　

 

 

 

［答案］ C

　　［解析］ 下划线处应引导让步状语从句， 四个选项中只有even though可以引导让步状语从句。

　　［考题6］ Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ____ they knew it to be valuable.

　　A. as if                   B. now that

        C. even though   D. so that

　　

 

 

 

 

 

［答案］ C

　　［解析］ “Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice”和“they knew it to be valuable”意思相反， 四个选项中引导让步状语从句的even though最为适合。

　　［考题7］ Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____ they are different from your own.

　　A.until           B. even if

        C. unless       D.as though

　　

 

 

 

 

［答案］ B

　　［解析］ 题干句意为： 让孩子们有发言的空间， 即使他们的观点与你的不同。从句与主句为让步关系， 应由even if 引导从句。

　　［考题8］ ____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

　　A. A quiet student as he may be

        B. Quiet student as he may be

　　C. Be a quiet student as he may

        D. Quiet as he may be a student

　　

 

 

 

 

［答案］ B

　　［解析］ as引导让步状语从句应该倒装， 本题中需要放在as之前的部分应该是整个表语部分并且要省略student前的不定冠词(若要保留该不定冠词， 则应将其置于quiet与student之间)。

　　［考题9］ ____, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.

　　A. As long as I have traveled

        B. Now that I have traveled so much

　　C. Much as I have traveled

        D. As I have traveled so much

　　

 

 

 

 

［答案］ C

　　［解析］ 从句“I have traveled”与主句“I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John”之间具有明显的让步关系， 本题应选用as的倒装形式引导让步状语从句。

　　［考题10］ ____, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.

　　A. Strange as might it sound

        B. As it might sound strange

　　C. As strange it might sound

        D. Strange as it might sound

　　

 

 

 

 

［答案］ D

　　［解析］ “他的建议在会上被全部的人所接受”与“他的建议听起来或许奇怪”之间意思相反， 因此下划线处引导的从句应为让步状语从句， 而as引导让步状语从句应采用倒装结构， 由此先排除不是倒装结构的选项B、 C， 再排除倒装形式不正确的选项A， 最终选出D。

 

 

表示“无论, 不管”的让步状语从句的用法

　　表示“无论， 不管”的让步状语从句的引导词在含义上各有侧重， 学习其用法时要分别进行把握。

　　1. “no matter＋疑问词”或“带后缀ever的疑问词”可以表示“不管……”的含义， 引导让步状语从句(前一结构所表示的语气要稍强于后一结构)， 例如：

However (= No matter how) much I tried, I failed to work out the maths problem. 无论怎么努力， 我还是解不出这道数学题。

However (=No matter how) hard he may try, he will not attain his goal. 无论怎样努力， 他都达不到他的目标。

Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I will not change my mind. 无论你说什么， 我也绝不改变主意。

Whenever (=No matter when) you come, you will be warmly welcomed. 不论什么时候来， 你都会受到热烈欢迎。

Wherever (=No matter where) you go, you will find the same thing. 无论到哪里， 你都会发现同样的事情。

Whoever (=No matter who) you are, you have no right to do such a thing. 不管你是谁， 你都无权做这种事。

　　2. “whether... or...”可以引导包含选择范围的让步状语从句， 意为“不管……”。例如：

 I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不论你来还是留在家中， 我都要去。

Whether she wins or loses, this is her last chance. 不管是赢是输， 这都是她的最后一次机会。

 Whether we like a particular piece of news or not, all we have to do is to sit in front of the tube and let it happen. 不管我们喜欢不喜欢某条新闻， 我们所能做的只是坐在电视机前任其播放。

　　［考题1］ This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, ____.

　　A. how much may it cost

        B. no matter how it may cost

　　C. however much it may cost

        D. how may it cost

　　

 

 

 

 

［答案］ C

　　［解析］ 题干中的让步状语从句应采用however much it may cost或者no matter how much it may cost的形式。

　　［考题2］ He tried his best to solve the problem, ____ difficult it was.

　　A. however       B. no matter

        C. whatever      D although

　　

 

 

 

［答案］ A

　　［解析］ 下划线处与形容词difficult连用引导让步状语从句， 应采用however或者no matter how的形式。

　　［考题3］ ____, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.

　　A. However the story is amusing

　　B. No matter amusing the story is

　　C. However amusing the story is

　　D. No matter how the story is amusing

　　

 

 

 

［答案］ C

　　［解析］ however， no matter how引导让步状语从句时应在其之后先接上被其所直接修饰的形容词或副词， 然后再接让步状语从句当中的其他成分， 因此本题应选C。

　　［考题4］ The old tower must be saved, ____ the cost.

　　A. however        B. whatever 

        C. whichever     D. wherever

　　

 

 

 

［答案］ B

　　［解析］ 本句中让步状语从句意指“无论成本是多少”， 应选用疑问词what的相关形式引导该从句。

　　［考题5］ — Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.

　　— Good, and ____ you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me.

　　A. whenever        B. whether

        C. whatever          D. no matter

　　

 

 

 

 

［答案］ B

　　［解析］ 题干中提供了“you play or watch TV”的选择范围， 应用whether引导让步状语从句。