使役动词是动词重要部分，也是重要的考点，学习时应注意下列几点 

一、了解用法基本相同之处，从宏观上认识使役动词 

1、含义基本相同 

大多使役动词均有使、让之意。

2、结构基本相同 

使役动词后面均可接宾语和宾语补足语，宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词、不定式、现在分词和过去分词担任。大多数使役动词可用于被动语态。

二、掌握各自具体用法，从微观上熟悉使役动词 

使役动词在含义和用法上均有不同之处，具体用法如下 

（一）have使，让，不用于被动语态 

1.have +宾语+done 

（1）叫、让、请别人做某事，表动作的执行者不是主语也不是宾语而是别人。

例I’ll have my bike repaired this afternoon. 今天下午我要请人修自行车。

You’d better have your teeth pulled out.
He had his pocket picked.
（2）遭遇不幸事件 

He had his wallet stolen at the station. 他的钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。

2.have +宾语+do让……做某事，动作执行者为宾语 

He had her go there. 他让她去那儿。

What would you have me do?

3.have +宾语+doing让……做某事，动作执行者为句子宾语，但动词必须为持续性动词，后面常接时间段。

He had her standing in the rain for two hours. 他让她在雨中站了两个小时。

I won’t have women working in our company.

4.have +宾语+adj./adv./prep. 促使某一动作发生 

Please have your money ready. 请准备好钱。

 

 

（二）make 使……，有轻微强迫之意 

1.make +宾语+do，迫使某人做某事，被动语态为be made to do 

例The boy made the girl cry.男孩把女孩惹哭了。

    They made me repeat the story.
    What makes the grass grow?

2.make+宾语+adj./adv./prep./n.使……处于某种状态 

例His illness made him very weak. 他的病使他很虚弱。

The news made him happy.
He couldn’t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.
His actions made him universally respected.
He made her his wife.

3.make +宾语+doing使……处于某种状态，并强调动作的主动性 

The story made him feeling sad.这个故事使他很难受。

4.make +宾语+done使处于某种状态，并强调动作的被动性 

Please speak louder to make yourself heard. 请讲大声一点以便让别人听到你。

（三）leave让，使，带走 既可用于主动语态也可用于被动语态 

1.leave +宾语+to do sth.让某人做某事，强调未来动作 

例Leave him to do it himself. 让他自个儿去做这件事吧。

2.leave +宾语+doing让某人做某事，强调当时正在发生的动作 

例What he said left me thinking deeply.他的话使我陷入了沉思。

3.leave +宾语+done 使……处于某种被动状态，强调动作的被动性 

例We can’t leave such an important matter unfinished. 我们不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。

4.leave+ 宾语+adj./adv./prep.使……处于某一特定状态 

例Who left the door open？ 谁让门开着？ 

（四）get使，让 

1.get +宾语+to do 让……做某事，强调未来性动作 

He got his brother to help him. 他让他的兄弟帮助他。

I can’t get anyone to do the work properly.

2.get +宾语+done让……被做，强调被动性动作 

He got the car started. 他发动了小汽车。

Can you get the work finished in time?

I must get my hair cut.
3.get +宾语+doing 让……做某事，强调正在进行的动作 

She got her bike running very fast. 她把自行车骑得飞快。

4.get+宾语+adj./adv./prep.使……发生 

Please get your tickets ready. 请准备好票。

（五）keep使，让，保持 

1.keep +宾语+doing 使某人处于做某事的状态中，强调动作延续一段时间 

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起，让您久等了。

2.keep +宾语+adj./adv./prep. 使……处于特定状态 

Please keep the classroom clean. 请保持教室干净。

3.keep +宾语+done使……处于被动状态 

I can’t keep my eyes shut to all this. 对于这一切我不能熟视无睹。

（六）let使，让 

1.let +宾语+do，让……做，被动语态为be let （to） do 

Let’s go there, shall we? 让我们去那里，好吗？ 

2.let+宾语+adv./prep. 让……，多表示方向 

He let the dog out of the room. 他把狗放出了房间。

（七）drive驱动，逼迫，迫使 

1.drive +宾语+to do驱动……做，被动语态为be driven to do

He drove her to admit it.

（八） force 强迫，迫使 

1.force +宾语+to do，迫使某人做某事，被动语态为be forced to do 

He forced her to go home. 他强迫她回家。

2.force +宾语+prep./adv. 迫使……朝向某一方向 

They forced the enemy’s plane down. 他们迫使敌人的飞机降落。

 

使役动词make用法说明

 

make 用作使役动词，表示“使”，使用时注意以下几点：

1. 后接不定式的复合结构作宾语时，不定式不能带 to；但是，若make为被动语态，则不定式必须带to。如：

Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 虽然他曾经常把他小妹妹弄哭，但今天他被他小妹妹弄哭了。

注意，若make不表示“使”，而表示其他意思则情况不同，比如下面两句，make后的不定式不是宾语补足语，而是目的状语：

We make candles to give light. 我们做蜡烛照明。

He made a box to put his money in. 他做了个盒子来装钱。

2. 其后除可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语外，还可以接以下成分：

(1) 接过去分词作宾语补足语。如：

He tried to make his ideas known. 他设法让别人知道他的想法。

She had to shout to make herself heard. 她必须大声喊才能让人听见她说话。

注意，其后通常不接现在分词作宾语补足语。如：

他让司机在外面等他。

误：He made the driver waiting for him outside.

正：He had the driver waiting for him outside.

(2) 接形容词作宾语补足语。如：

Have I made myself clear? 我的意思说清楚了吗?

We’ll do our best to make you happy. 我们会尽一切努力使你幸福。

(3) 接介词短语作宾语补足语。如：

Sit down and make yourself at home. 请坐，不要拘束。

3. make(使)通常不接现在分词的复合结构作宾语。要表示使某人 或某事一直做某事或处于做某事的状态中，英语可用 have sb doing sth。如：

他讲的滑稽的笑话使大家都笑了。

误：His funny joke made everyone laughing.

正：His funny joke made everyone laugh.

 

使役动词 let, have, make, get, 等 在主动语态中，不定式充当使役动词或感官动词的宾语补足语，通常不带to。 例如：I made him keep his promise. They all saw Tom enter the room. 但是，在被动语态中，不定式充当使役动词或感官动词的宾语补足语，一般要带to。 例如：He was made to keep his promise. Tom was seen to enter the room. 常用词组和用法归纳： have sb do 让某人干某事 e.g:What would you have me do? have sb/sth doing 让某人或某事处于某种状态，听任 e.g: I won”t have women working in our company. The two cheats had the light burning all night long. have sth done 让别人干某事，遭受到 e.g:you “d better have your teeth pulled out. He had his pocket picked. notes: "done"这个动作不是主语发出来的。 make sb do sth 让某人干某事 e.g:They made me repeat the story. What makes the grass grow? notes: I was made to repeat the story. make sb/sth done/adj./n e.g. The news made him happy. He couldn”t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic. His actions made him universally respected. He made her his wife. 3.get sb to do 使某人干某事 e.g: I can”t get anyone to do the work properly. get sth done 让别人干某事 e.g: I must get my hair cut. Can you get the work finished in time? leave sb to do sth 让某人干某事 e.g: We left him to paint the gate. I”ll leave you to settle all the business. leave sb doing 让继续处于某种状态 e.g: Don”t leave her waiting outside in the rain. We left him painting the gate. leave sth done/adj./prep.phrase e.g:Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered. His illness has left him weak. I was left with a ray of hope.

5.send sb/sth doing sth e.g.A phone call sent him hurrying to London. The explosion sent things flying in all directions. send sb/sth adv./prep.phrase e.g. Please send all these people away. The children were sent to bed. I sent John with a letter to the teacher. notes: The child was sent to buy some milk. send sb/sth adv./prep.phrase e.g. Please send all these people away. The children were sent to bed. I sent John with a letter to the teacher.

‘’

 

 

在以动词不定式作宾语补足语的复合结构中，使役动词的被动语态应注意的几种情况：

1. make可使用于被动语态结构中，其结构为“ be made to+动词原形”。 如题10B和题16。例如：

Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.

尽管过去他经常把他的小妹妹弄哭，但是今天他却被他的小妹妹弄哭了。

2.     let可用于被动语态结构，其后不定式可带to，也可不带to。但这种结构很少使用。例如：

He was not let (to) smoke by his father.

他的父亲不允许他吸烟。

3.     have 和get无被动语态结构。

列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to： 
make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, look at, listen to等。 
〔误〕 The boy was made wash the truck as a punishment. 
〔正〕 The boy was made to wash the truck as a punishment.

       I saw him cross the road.

       He was seen to cross the road.

They made him go. 他们让他去。 He was made to go. 他被要求去了。 

I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我听见他向他的朋友说再见。 

He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。

Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.  

A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

He was not let to smoke by his father.

       make在中学英语中是一个出现频率较高的词，它既可以构成很多短语动词和习惯用语，又可以构成多种句型结构，同时，也是中考考点之一。因此，学习、总结和掌握它的用法是十分必要的。今天就和同学们一起谈谈它作为使役动词时的几种用法。      

             

[知识检测]

A.     选择最佳答案：

1. We all love Miss Yang. She always makes her history class very________. (重庆市)

A. interest   B. interests   C. interesting     D. interested   

2. Li Lei’s words made her _______. (济南市)

A. happily     B. angrily   

C. crying        D. angry   

3. He _______her his wife.

A. married    B. found      

C. made          D. chose     

4.  ——How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?

——It makes me _______ very proud.(黄冈市)

A. felt     B. to feel    C. feeling     D. feel   

5. Please let the young man _______ a second time. (济南市)

A. try     B. does      C. to try      D. to do   

6. My father got me________ his car for him yesterday.

A. wash          B. to wash   

C. washing    D. washed   

7. I’m sorry to have kept you ________for so long.

A. wait           B. to wait   

C. waiting     D. were waiting   

8. Mr Smith wants to have his hair ______.  (甘肃省)

A. cut     B. cutting    C. to cut      D. cuts      

9. ——Why are you late?——My bike broken down. I had it ________.  (深圳市)

A. repaired   B. repairs   

C. repair        D. repairing  

10. ——Many teenagers are made ________what they’re not ________.

——I agree. (呼和浩特市)

A. to do; interested      

B. to do; interested in

C. do; interested        

D. doing; interested in      

 

 汉译英：

11. 吃得太多使他病了。

Too much food made________  _________.  

12. 上星期日我们推选他当了队长。

We _______  _______our team leader last Sunday.   

13. 你是如何使你的父亲戒烟的？

How did you make your father ________  ________?  

14. 她的老师一直让她站在那里。

Her teacher made _______  _______ there all the time.

15. 噪音是如此吵闹，别人不能听见刘先生说的话。

There was so much noise that Mr Liu could not make ________  _______.

16. 工人们被迫每天干活十二小时。

The workers were made________  _________ twelve hours a day.  

 

 

 

 

[答案] 1-5 CDCDA   6-10 BCAAB  

11. him, ill   12. made, him  13. stop, smoking   14. her, standing  15. himself, heard   16. to ,work  

[知识讲解]

[点击一] 使役动词和复合宾语

[归纳] 英语中有些动词常用来表示 “让……，使……，强制……”的意思，这类动词我们称为使役动词，常见的使役动词有make, have, get, let, keep等。使役动词后加了宾语后，可用形容词、名词、动词不定式、分词等充当宾语补足语，来补充说明其宾语的成分。我们可以将宾语和宾语补足语合称为 “复合宾语”。例如：

The bad news made her sad.

这个不幸的消息使她悲伤。

My parents want to make me a teacher.

我的父母想要我成为一名教师。

You must get them to come over here.

你得想法让他们到这儿来。

Don’t keep her standing in the rain.

别让她在雨中站着。

I’m going to have my hair cut tomorrow.

我明天将去理发。

Will you let me use your bike?

你让我用你的自行车吗？

[点击二] make+宾语+宾语补足语

[归纳] “make+宾语+宾语补足语”有以下几种形式：

1.     make+宾语+形容词  这种结构的意思为 “使……处于某种状态”。        此处的形容词一般表示人的感受或情绪。例如：

The color “red” makes people warm and “blue” makes people cool.

红色使人感到温暖，而兰色使人感到凉爽。

如题1中的interesting(修饰物)和题2中的angry都是形容词，故答案分别选C和D。又如题11也属此类。

2. make+宾语+名词  这种结构的意思为 “使或让某人成为……”或“使……当……”。注意宾语一般是人。

They made me monitor.

他们选我当班长。

    如题3 意思是 “他娶她为妻。” 故答案选C。又如题12也属此类。

3. make+宾语+不带to的动词不定式   这种结构的意思为 “迫使或强制某人做某事”，后接不带 to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。宾语与宾语补足语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。如题4D和题13。例如：

You can’t make us go if we don’t want to.

如果我们不想走，你就不能让我们走。

[拓展]在此结构中，除了make之外，使役动词have, let后也接不带 to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如题5A。但使役动词get后接带 to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如题6B。keep一般不跟带动词不定式的复合结构。

4. make+宾语+现在分词  这种结构的意思为 “使或让某人一直处于某种状态”，宾语补足语表示动作正在发生或进行。宾语与宾语补足语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。如题7C和题14。例如：

They made the guests waiting for hours there.

他们让客人在那里等了好几个小时。

5. make+宾语+过去分词   这种结构的意思为 “使或让别人做某事”，宾语补足语与宾语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。如题15。例如：

You should make your views known.

你应该让别人了解你的观点。

[拓展]

1.     在使役动词have, get后面作宾语补足语，经常表示“请别人做某事”或“安排某人做某事”。如题8A、9A。例如：

Mike had the house repaired yesterday afternoon.

迈克昨天下午请人修房屋。

Why don’t you get your car washed?

你为什么不叫人清洗你的小汽车呢？

2. 在此结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语和该句的主语若指的是同一人时，宾语一般要用与主语一致的反身代词。如题15。

I speak slowly to make myself understood.

我说得慢，以便使人人都能听懂我的话。

[点击三] 使役动词的被动语态

[归纳] 在以动词不定式作宾语补足语的复合结构中，使役动词的被动语态应注意的几种情况：

1. make可使用于被动语态结构中，其结构为“ be made to+动词原形”。 如题10B和题16。例如：

Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.

尽管过去他经常把他的小妹妹弄哭，但是今天他却被他的小妹妹弄哭了。

2.     let可用于被动语态结构，其后不定式可带to，也可不带to。但这种结构很少使用。例如：

He was not let (to) smoke by his father.

他的父亲不允许他吸烟。

3.       have 和get无被动语态结构。

 

 

 

1．John was made____the truck for a week as a punishment．

A．to wash B．washing

C．wash D．to be washed

2．Paul doesn't have to be made____．He always work shard．

A．learn        B．to learn

C．learned    D．learning

3．He not only made the workers____long hours but he was also seen____them．

A．work，beat      B．to work，to beat

C．work，to beat  D．to work，beat

4．a He often listened to others____．

b．He was often listened to____in this room．

A．sing，to sing   B．to sing，sing

C．sing，sing        D．to sing，to sing

答案：1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A

 1.The boss made the workers work from morning till night.

2.I saw some boys playing basketball just now.

3.I often hear someone sing English songs in my next door.

 1.I saw him walk on the playground.

2.The teacher made the students make a model plane.

 

 

 

含有感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
6. People often see her read under the old apple tree..
___________________________________________________________
7. I often hear her sing in her room.
___________________________________________________________
8. He makes them work more than ten hours a day.
___________________________________________________________

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.

→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.