1. 祈使句主要用于提出请求，发出邀请，给予指示、忠告或警告，也可发出命令等。

2．祈使句的特点是：一般不出现主语(you)，但有时为了指明向谁请求或命令，也可以说出主语；谓语动词一律用原形；否定式一律在动词前面加 don’t。如：

祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称，但往往省去不用。同学们在学习祈使句时应注意以下几点：

一、祈使句谓语用何动词形式

英语祈使句的谓语总是用动词原形。如：

Be quiet! 别说话!

Come this way, madam. 这边走，夫人。

Come earlier next time. 下次早点来。

Have a good time. 愿你玩得痛快。

Go and tell her. 去告诉她吧。

注：有时为了加强语气，可在动词前加do。如：

Do be careful. 务请小心。

Do come on time. 务必请准时来。

二、肯定祈使句如何变成否定祈使句

祈使句否定式的构成方法是在动词原形前加don’t：

Don’t be late. 不要迟到。

Don’t lose the key. 别把钥匙丢了。

Don’t speak so loud. 别这么大声说话。

Don’t walk on the grass. 不要在草坪上走。

Don’t lose the key. 别把钥匙丢了。

Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。

三、与please连用以使语气委婉

为使语气委婉，通常将祈使句与please连用。Please可用于祈使句的句首(其后通常不用逗号)或句末(其前通常用逗号)。如：

Please don’t get angry. 请不要生气。

Please drive more slowly. 请开得慢一点。

Please cut me a piece of cake. 请给我切一块蛋糕。

Please try to be quiet. 请设法保持安静。

Please repeat what you’ve just said. 请把你刚才说的话重复一遍。

四、关于以let开头的祈使句

Let’s eat out tonight. 我们今晚出去吃饭吧。

Let me have a try. 我来试一试。

Let me show you how to do it. 我来告诉你怎样做。

Let every man do his best. 让每个人人尽其才。

Let the meat cook slowly. 把肉用慢火炖。

注意：

1. 这类祈使句的否定式有两种形式。如：

Let’s not hurry. / Don’t let’s hurry. 我们不要太急。

2. let后用作宾语补足语的动词要用原形，不能用带to的不定式。

 

 

3. 有关祈使句最可能涉及的考点是：祈使句带主语以及“祈使句+and / then / or+陈述句(一般将来时)”这一句型(祈使句表示条件), 相当于if引导的条件句，整个句子可以改为含if的复合句。。另外，祈使句与反意疑问句一起考查也是高考一大特点。如：

Now stop blowing and you’ll find the glass clear again.

= If you stop blowing, you’ll find the glass clear again.

Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam. 努力点，你会通过考试的。

 (1)“祈使句+and +简单句”,and后简单句表示好的结果　　
     Hurry up, and you will catch the bus.
    (2)“祈使句+or+简单句” ,or后简单句表不理想的结果
     Study hard, or you will fail to  pass  the exam .

 Give me one more hour, and I’ll get the work finished.（祈使句）

==One more hour, and I’ll get the work finished.（名词短语）

== If you give me one more hour, I’ll get the work finished.（if条件句）

==If I am given one more hour, I’ll get the work finished.

== Given one more hour, I’ll get the work finished.

More effort, and you will succeed.

Another attempt, and you will get it.

One more minute, and the patient would have bled to death.

祈使句，+ or + 陈述句

Listen to the teacher carefully in class, or you can’t catch what he is saying.

  Let’s keep to the point，or we ______ any decisions.

A will never reach      

B have never reached

C never reach              

D never reached

小练：

①Help others whenever you can （次要成分忽略不看）______ you will make the world a nicer place to live in.

  A. and    B. or    C. unless    D. but

② _____ on the top of the tower and you’ll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.

  A. Standing      B. Stand      

  C. To stand      D. Stand

③______ and I’ll get the work finished.

  A. Have one more hour    

  B. One more hour=Give me one more hour 

  C. Given one more hour    

  D. If I have one more hour 

④ Stand over there___ you’ll be able to see it better.

 A. or     B. while     C. but      D. and

==If you stand over there, you’ll be able to see it better.

⑤ _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

 A. Having given     B. To give    

 C. Giving                  D. Given

⑥ Follow your doctor’s advice. ______ your cough will get worse.

  A. or       B. and      C. then      D. so  

⑦ ----- English has large vocabulary, hasn’t it?

  ----- Yes, ____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.

  A. know         B. knowing    

  C. to know    D. known

⑧ Stand over there _______you’ll be able to see the oil painting better.

 A. but       B. till     C. and     D. or

⑨ _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.

  A. To throw      B. Thrown        

  C. Throwing     D. Being thrown

⑩If you have a job，         yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed．

   A．do devote     B．don't devote     

   C．devoting     D．not devoting

 

 

(keys:     ADBDD  AACCA)

 

另外：

1. 在通常情况下，若陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问句通常用will you, won’t you, would you等。如：

Turn on the TV, will you? 把电视打开，好吗?

You girls stand in the front row, will you? 你们女孩子站在前排，好吗？

Tell me the truth, won’t you? 告诉我实话，好吗?

If you want help, let me know, would you? 如果你需要帮助，告诉我，好吗?

注：若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句部分只用will you。如：

Don’t forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。

2. 若陈述部分为以 let开头的祈使句，则要分两种情况：

(1) 表示请求时，用will you?

Let me do it for you, will you? 让我替你做，好吗？

Let us know your address, will you? 把你的地址告诉我们吧，好吗?

(2) 表示建议时，用shall we?

Let’s go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?

Let’s all sit under this tree, shall we? 咱们都坐在这棵树下，好不好？

Let’s phone her now, shall we? 我们现在就给她打电话，好吗?

 

 

 

请做以下试题：

(1) Jim, you go there to help him, _______?

A. do you         B. will you       

C. are you       D. have you

答案选B。句首的呼语 Jim 清楚地表明这一个祈使句，只是其前带了主语而已。

(2) ________ me back my money, or I’ll ring the police.

   A. Giving          B. Given       

   C. Give              D. To give

 

 

 

 

 

答案选C。填空处为祈使句谓语，故用动词原形。