take-spend-pay-cost用法区别
(2014-03-20 20:16:50)
标签:
take-spend-pay-cost教育 |
分类: 各类词法辨析 |
高中课本原句分析:
It took over half an hour
to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw
James being firmly held up in the water by Old
Tom.
[翻译] 我们花了半个小时才把船调转过来, 回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候, 我看到老汤姆正在水中托着詹姆斯。
[点拨] 该句是由and连接的两个并列分句
构成。第一个分句包含一个“It takes / took (sb.) + 一段时间 + to do sth.”句型;第二个分句包含一个when引导的时间状语从句,主句中的being held up为动词-ing形式的被动式,和James一起构成复合宾语。
take 需要,花费,要求
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
The journey from London to Oxford takes about an hour and a half.
It takes a long time for her to recover from the illness.
It took the workers three
years to build the bridge.
建这座桥花了工人们三年的时间。
(句中的it是一个形式主语,其后的不定式短语才是真正的主语。)
Repairing the bike took me half a day.
修这辆自行车花了我半天的时间。
It
画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。
The
短语:
take great trouble to do 不辞劳苦做某事
take one’s time
从容不迫,不着急,慢慢来
take sb seriously as 认真对待某人
take sth as it comes 顺其自然
take against sb/sth
(说不清原因地) 开始不喜欢某人/某事
take after sb 追赶某人
近义词辨析:
(1) spend 主语必须是人,构成spend …on sth 或spend …(in) doing sth
spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。
spend time /money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。
spend money for sth. 花钱买……。
例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
Every morning he spends an hour in reading English.
(2) cost 主语必需是事或物,一般指花钱,侧重于“花费”的代价。cost还有 “ 以…为代价,丧失…”之意其后常跟双宾语及life, money, health, time 等.
The book cost him one dollar.
His careless driving cost
him his life last
year.
How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?建这座桥花了多少钱
(3) take 表示“花费” 时,其主语是“一件事” 一般指花费时间
The journey took me three hours.
It took me three days to finish reading the novel.
(4) pay “付钱 ”,主语是人。 常用于pay for 或pay (sb) some money for sth 结构中。
pay (sb.) money for sth.
付钱(给某人)买……。例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
pay for sth. 付……的钱。例:I have to pay for the book lost.
我不得不赔丢失的书款。
pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例:Don’t worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心,
我会给你付钱的。
pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every
month.他们每月给我们报酬。
He paid the taxi and hurried to the station.
He paid me 5yuan for mending the clock.
讲解二:
spend/cost/pay/take
(1)spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型:
(sb)spend
(sb)spend
I
He
=
(2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是:
It
It
画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。
The
(3)
I
He
How
(4)
如:The
讲解三:
Take, spend, cost都有花费时间的意思,但根据本题的意思,如果花费时间做的事,是没有用的事,那么就是在浪费时间,所以选waste,浪费。词组:waste time (in) doing sth
浪费时间做某事。
Take, spend, cost区别:
Spend 主语是人,take 主语是物或是IT做形式主语,cost 主语是物。
具体讲解如下;
1)spend的主语必须是“人”,宾语可以是钱,精力,时间等,其后用on(for)+名词或用in(可省略)+动名词形式,不接不定式。如:
He spent a lot of money for his new car.
他花了很多钱买了这辆新车。
He spends much money on books.
他平时将很多钱用在买书上。
Mr Li spends a lot of time(in)helping his students with their
English.
李老师花很多时间帮助他的学生学英语。
2)take可用于表示花时间、金钱、勇气等。如:
It took the workers three years to build the bridge.
建这座桥花了工人们三年的时间。
(句中的it是一个形式主语,其后的不定式短语才是真正的主语。)
Repairing the bike took me half a day.
修这辆自行车花了我半天的时间。
3)cost可用于表示花时间和金钱,其主语一般是“物”或“事”,表示“费用”、“耗费”。如:
The book cost him one dollar.这本书用了他一美元。
Homework costs the children much time. 家庭作业要花孩子们许多时间。
注意:cost与表示时间的词连用时,不能与具体时间长度连用,只能与表示抽象概念的时间短语(如some time, much
time等)连用。
讲解四:
take spend cost
pay的用法都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。
spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:
(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。例:I spent two hours on
this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time /money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。例:They spent two
years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。例:His money was spent for books.
他的钱用来买书了。
cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:
(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例:A new computer costs a lot of
money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例:Remembering
these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:
(1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例:It took them three
years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:Repairing this car took
him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
pay的基本用法是:
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。例:I have to pay them 20
pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。例:I have to pay for the book lost.
我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例:Don?蒺t worry!I'll pay for you. 别担心,
我会给你付钱的。
(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。
(5)pay money back 还钱。例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it
back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。
(6)pay off one's money还清钱。
讲解五:
三者均可表示“花费”,区别如下:
1. 从所用主语来看:cost
的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take
的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it)也可以是人。如:The computer cost (me) $2 000.
这部电脑花了(我) 2 000 美元。) 2 000 It costs (me) $1 000 a year to run a
car. 使用一辆车每年要花(我)1 000美元。I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了
1 整天找你。整天找你。="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New
Roman'">It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了 1
个小时。The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)I took an hour to
write the letter. (译文同上)注:若 cost
不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语。如:
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year.
抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。
It takes a lot of money to buy a house.
买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。