延续性动词

一、延续性动词和非延续性动词的概念

英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。

二、延续性动词的用法特征

1. 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有：for+一段时间（eg: for two years）, since从句（eg: since he came here）, since+时间点名词（eg: since last year）, during the past three years, how long, for a long time等。

例：I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学习英语了。

2. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“时间点”状语连用。

如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.（误）rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示“时间点”，前后显然矛盾。

如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等非延续性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.

又如以下这段对话：
-When did you get to know Jack? 你什么时候认识Jack的？
-Two years ago. 两年前。
-Then you've known each other for more than two years. 也就是说你们俩认识两年多了。
-That's right. 没错。

非延续性动词

 

1. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：

The train has arrived. 火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？

2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用（只限肯定句）。如：

(1) 他死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years.
正：He died three years ago.
正：It is three years since he died.
正：Three years has passed since he died.

(2) 他来这儿五天了。

误：He has come here for five days.
正：He has been here for five days.
正：He came here five days ago.
正：It is five days since he came here.
正：Five days has passed since he came here.

(1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续性动词，不能与表示“时间段”的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：

a. 将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。

下面列举几例：

leave→be away,

borrow→keep,

buy→have,

begin/start→be on,

die→be dead,

move to→live in,

finish→be over,

join→be in/be a member of,

 open sth.→keep sth. open,

fall ill→be ill,

get up→be up,

catch a cold→have a cold。

b. 将句中表示“时间段”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

c. 用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

d. 用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

3. 非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。如：

He hasn't left here since 1986. 从1986年以来他就没离开过这里。
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 我已经两周没收到我父亲的来信了。

4. 非延续性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till..."的句型，意为“直到……才……”。如：

You can't leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了，你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才去睡觉。

5. 非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。

因为when表示的时间可以是“时间点”（从句谓语动词用非延续性动词），也可以是“时间段”（从句谓语动词用延续性动词）；而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：

When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.（reach为终止性动词）
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.（be away为延续性动词短语）

6. 终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用（只限于肯定句）。如：

误：How long have you come here?
正：How long have you been here?
正：When did you come here?

 

 

                                 浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词
　一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
　　英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
　　延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
　　终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
　　二、延续性动词的用法特征
　　1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during/in the past/last three years, since last year, how long等。如：

I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
　　2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：

It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误)

 rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：
　　-When did you get to know Jack?
　　-Two years ago.
　　-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
　　-That's right.
　　三、终止性动词的用法特征
　　1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：
　　The train has arrived.火车到了。
　　Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？
　　2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：
　　(1)他死了三年了。
　　误：He has died for three years.
　　正：He has been dead for three years.
　　正：He died three years ago.
　　正：It is three years since he died.
　　正：Three years has passed since he died.
　　(2)他来这儿五天了。
　　误：He has come here for five days.
　　正：He has been here for five days.
　　正：He came here five days ago.
　　正：It is five days since he came here.
　　正：Five days has passed since he came here.
　　(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：

leave→be away(from),

borrow→keep,

buy→have,

begin/start→be on,

die→be dead,

move to→live in,

finish/end→be over,

join→be in/be a member of,

open sth.→keep sth. open,

fall ill→be ill,

get up→be up,

 catch a cold→have a cold,

close----be closed,

open-----be open,

come to/go to----be in(on,at),

wake----be awake,

fall asleep/get to sleep----be asleep,

turn on sth.-----sth. be on ,

 turn off sth.----sth. be off,

return/come back/get back/go back----be back,

get back（取回）----have back,

 reach/arrive in (at)/get to----be in(on,at),

get to know----know,

get/turn/become(系动词)-----be，

hear from/get(receive) a letter from-----have a letter from .
　　(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
　　(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
　　(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
　　3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
　　He hasn't left here since 1986.
　　I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
　　4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。如：
　　You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。
　　I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。
　　5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：
　　When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
　　Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
　　6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：
　　误：How long have you come here?
　　正：How long have you been here?
　　正：When did you come here?



                             延继性动词和终止性动词巩固练习
　1. When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus ______ for two hours.
　　 A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
　　2. I ______ the League for five years so far.
　　 A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. join
　　3. The factory ______ since the February of 1995.
　　 A. has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
　　4. Mary and Rose ______ friends since they met in London in 1998.
　　 A. have made B. have been 　　C. made D. have become
　　5. You mustn't ______ until he comes back.
　　 A. be away B. leave 　　C. be left D. have been
　　6. The meeting ______ for a week now.
　　 A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. has been in
　　7. Miss Gao______this school since 1996.
　　 A. has come to B. came to 　C. has taught D.has been in
　　8. Ben ______ a teacher for early three years.
　　 A. has been B. has become 　　C. was D. became
　　9. I ______ home for a week up to now.
　 　A. have returned 　B. have been back C. returned D. were
　　10. How long ________ Mr Smith ________?
　　 A. did; die B. was; dead 　C. was; dying D. has; been dead
　　11. When I ______ in Beijing, it was raining hard.
　　 A. got B. reached 　　C. arrived D. was
　　12. Tom ______ the car for two months.
　　 A. has had B. bought 　　C. has bought D. had got
　　13. -How long ______ you ______?
　　 -Two weeks.
　　 A. did; all ill B. have; fallen ill　 C. were; ill D. have; been ill
　　14. Since 1942 he ______ his hometown.
A. has left 　　 B. has moved away from　　
C. has been away from 　 　D. moved away from
　　15. I'll lend you the bike, but you can only ______ it for two days.
　　 A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. take
　　16. The bus ______ on the road for an hour.
　　 A. has stopped B. stopped 　　C. is stopping D. has been
　　17. Are you ______ the jacket these days?
　　 A. wearing B. putting on 　C. dressing D. pulling on


　



同义句转换
1. My cousins fell asleep 10 minutes ago.
My cousins　_____ ______ ______ for 10 minutes.
2.．The paper factory opened in 1999.
The paper factory ______ ______ ______ since 1999.
3. Mr. Smile borrowed the book 3 days ago.
Mr. Smile ______ ______ for 3 days.
4. I bought the piano the year before last year..
I ______ ______ the piano since the year before last year.
5. The film began half an hour ago.
The film ______ ______ for half an hour.
6 The baby caught a cold last night.
The baby ______ ______ a cold since last night.
7. Her grandfather died 2 years ago.
Her grandfather ______ ______ ______ for 2 years.
8. The man became a doctor in 2000.
The man ______ ______ a doctor since 20000.
9. .My uncle joined the football team last year.
My uncle ______ ______ ______ ______ of the football team since last year.
10. They got to Shanghai 4 months ago.
They ______ ______ ______ for 4 months.
11. He left the company at ten past eight.
He ______ ______ ______ ______ the company since ten past eight.
12. The Whites came to Hongkong in 1997.
The Whites ______ ______ ______ Hongkong since 1997.
13. The class ended 5 minutes ago.
The class ______ ______ ______ for 5 minutes.
14. I put on the coat at 9 O’clock.
I ______ ______ the coat since 9 o’clock.

 

 

巩固练习：

　1. When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus ______ for two hours.

　　    A. has left     B. had left   　　C. has been away         D. had been away

　　2. I ______ the League for five years so far.

　　    A. joined      B. have joined    C. have been in          D. join

　　3. The factory ______ since the February of 1995.

　　    A. has been open      B. has opened     C. was open       D. opened

　　4. Mary and Rose ______ friends since they met in London in 1998.

　　    A. have made      B. have been  　　C. made        D. have become

　　5. You mustn't ______ until he comes back.

　　    A. be away      B. leave   　　C. be left       D. have been

　　6. The meeting ______ for a week now.

　　    A. has finished      B. has ended  　　C. has been over      D. has been in

　　7. Miss Gao______this school since 1996.

　　     A. has come to      B. came to 　　C. has taught       D.has been in

　　8. Ben ______ a teacher for early three years.

　　    A. has been    B. has become  　　C. was      D. became

　　9.  I ______ home for a week up to now.

　    　A. have returned 　　B. have been back 　　C. returned     D. were

　　10. How long ________ Mr Smith ________?

　　    A. did; die     B. was; dead 　　C. was; dying        D. has; been dead

　　11. When I ______ in Beijing, it was raining hard.

　　    A. got     B. reached 　　C. arrived       D. was

　　12.  Tom ______ the car for two months.

　　    A. has had        B. bought 　　C. has bought      D. had got

　　13.  -How long ______ you ______?

　　    -Two weeks.

　　    A. did; all ill       B. have; fallen ill　   　C. were; ill       D. have; been ill

　　14.  Since 1942 he ______ his hometown.

A. has left 　　        B. has moved away from　　

C. has been away from 　  　D. moved away from

　　15.   I'll lend you the bike, but you can only ______ it for two days.

　　   A. borrow     B. lend       C. keep             D. take

　　16. The bus ______ on the road for an hour.

　　   A. has stopped           B. stopped 　　C. is stopping      D. has been

　　17. Are you ______ the jacket these days?

　　   A. wearing       B. putting on 　 　C. dressing            D. pulling on

 

　　(Keys: 1-5 DCABB 6-10 CDABD 11-15 CADCC 16-17 DA)