（一）数词概述

英语的数词可以分为基数词和序数词两大类。基数词表示数目的多少，如：three，thirty，forty-nine等。而序数词表示的则是这些数目的顺序,如：third，thirtieth，forty-ninth等。数词与不定代词很相似，其用法相当于名词与形容词。中考对数词的考查主要是数词的“复数形式”的应用、分数的构成形式以及词形变化中的基数词转换为序数词。当表示确切的数目时，hundred，thousand，million等数词用单数形式；表达不具体的数目，如成百上千，成千上万等时，hundred，thousand等数词用复数形式，且在其后加介词of。英语中的分数是由“基数词+序数词”构成的。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，分子大于“1”时，作为分母的序数词要用复数形式。基数词转换为序数词常在词形转换中考查，要特别记住某些序数词的一些特殊变化形式。如：one——first, two——second, three——third, five——fifth, eight——eighth, nine——ninth, twelve——twelfth, twenty——twentieth等等。

（二）基础知识梳理

1．基数词

1）基数词表示数量。13~19的基数词都以-teen结尾，如：thirteen，nineteen等。20~90十位数的整数都以-ty结尾，如：twenty，ninety等。

2）表示两位数词时，十位与个位之间要加连字符。三位以上的数词，在百位数与后两位数之间，要用and连接。如：four hundred and ninety-seven。注意，千位数与百位数之间用逗号分开，如：five thousand，three hundred and twenty。

3）在表示一个具体的数目时，hundred，thousand，million都要用单数形式。如：several hundred，two thousand，ten million等。在表示大概数目时，则用hundreds of，thousands of，millions of。

4）数词与其他词构成复合形容词时，其中的名词要用单数形式。如：an eight-cent-stamp， a three-month-old baby。

2．序数词

1）序数词表示顺序，使用时一般前面要加定冠词。基数词变序数词有一定的规律，下面的口诀可帮助你记忆：

基变序有规律，123特殊记。  
th要从4加起，8减t，9去e。  
ty变成tie，ve要用f替。
若要变为几十几，只变个位就可以。   

2）有时序数词前不用定冠词，表示“再一、又一”的意思。如：

Soon the Greens had a second child--a son.很快格林夫妇又有了一个孩子——一个儿子。   

3．分数，小数和百分比

1）表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母须用复数形式。如：
1/2上读作one half或a half, 1/4读作one fourth或a quarter，2/3读作two-thirds, 3 2/5读作three and two-fifths。

2）读小数时，小数点前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同，小数点读作“point”，小数点后只需将数字一一读出。如15.07读作fifteen point zero seven。

3） 百分数的读法为：先读基数词，再读百分号。如5%读作five percent。

4．年份和日期

1）年份的读法为每两位数读一个词。如：

1950读作nineteen fifty

1800读作eighteen hundred   

2000读作two thousand

2）日期的读法有两种

（1）先月后日，日子要读成序数词。如：9月29日可读作September (the) twenty-ninth   

（2）先日后月，在月份之前加Of。  如：9月29日也可读作the twenty-ninth of September   

3）年月日同时出现，年代放在最后，年代前用逗号隔开。如：2005年2月1日可写成the first of February ,2005或February( the) first, 2005

5．时间和钟点

6:00读作six (o'clock)
7:30读作seven thirty／half past seven
9:45读作nine forty-five／a quarter to ten
2:15读作two fifteen／a quarter past two   

6．编号的表达

1）事物名词（不加冠词）+基数词。如：Lesson One，Part Three，Channel Five，Gate Nine,，World War Ⅱ

2）定冠词+序数词+事物名词。如：the first lesson，the third part，the fifth channel，the ninth gate，the Second World War

7．加减乘除的英语表达

plus/and加，minus减，time/multiplied by乘，divided by除。如： 

1）12 +8=？      How much is twelve plus/and eight? 
2）40—11=29， Forty minus eleven is/equals twenty nine.
3）3×6 =18，    Three times six is/equals eighteen.
4）56÷7=？       How much is fifty-six divided by seven?

 

经典例题

1. This is ____ lesson, so I don't know all your names.

A. our first    B. our the first    C. the our first    D. the first our

2. -How many students are there in your school?

   -There are over__________students in our school.

A. two thousands          B. two thousands of 

C. two thousand           D. two thousand of

3．__________ visitors from Australia will come to Visit China next week.

A. Two hundreds           B.A hundred of     

C.  Hundreds of            D. Three hundreds of  

4. __________ of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.
A. Two-third      B. Second-third      C. Two-thirds     D. Second-thirds

5. Wu Dong won the girl's __________ race in the school sports meeting last week.  

A. 100 meters    B.100-metres    C.100 metre    D.100-metre

6. The homework for today is to write __________ composition about your father.

A. a five hundred word          B. a five-hundred-words   

C. a-five-hundred-word          D. a five-hundred-word

7．She has a __________ daughter.

A. six-years-old    B. six-year-old    C. six year old    D. six years old

8．__________ is the most difficult of __________.

A. Lesson Eight... Book Three                     B. The lesson eight...the book three   

C. The eighth lesson…the three…book          D. The…eight lesson…the third book 

9. It will take them __________ to finish the course.

A. one and a half year's time          B. a year and a half's time

C. a year and a half of time            D. a year and a half time

10. （改错）This story  took place  in the 1950.
                     A              B               C

 

1. 【解析】答案是A，B，C，D都属用词错误。因为序数词之前一般要用定冠词the，但是如果序数词前有了形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，就不能再用定冠词the。如my second daughter, his mother's fiftieth birthday。

2. 【解析】答案是C。基数词hundred，thousand，million等与具体数字连用时，词尾不可加s，也不与of连用，其后的名词要用复数形式。

3. 【解析】答案是C。hundred，thousand，million等词与介词of连用时，用复数形式，表示、不确切的数目，其前不可与数字连用。注意下面表达：
hundreds of数以百计的、成百上千的    several hundred of好几百    thousands of数以千计的、成千上万的    tens of数以十计的     millions of数百万的

4. 【解析】答案是C。这里是考查分数的表达法，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于“1”时，分母序数词用复数。表示四分之一时用one(a) quarter，四分之三用three- quarters，二分之二用one(a) half。如果分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与of的宾语相一致。如：Only one half of the work has been finished.

5. D

6. D

7. B
【解析】数词+名词一起做定语时，如果数词与名词之间有连字符“—”，则用数词+单数名词+形容词结构，如果数词与名词之间没有连字符，就需要用名词所有格作定语。上面三道题的答案分别是5D，6D，7B。

8. 【解析】答案是A。本题主要是考查基数词和序数词的用法及转换。在编号中，用基数词时，均要大写字母开头，而且名词在前，数词在后；用序数词时，必须加定冠词，且每个单词的第一个字母都要小写。因此本句还可表达为The eighth lesson is the most difficult of the third book。

9. 【解析】答案是B。“数词 + and +a  half+名词复数”也可表达为“数词+名词（单数或复数）+ and a half”，如“一天半”可表达成one and a half days或one day and a half。这里C、D显然是错误的。A可更正为one and a half years' time，即year的复数所有格的形式。

10.【解析】这里C是错误的，应该更正为in the 1950s。年代应该用基数词的复数形式来表达，并在前面加定冠词。此外，数词的复数形式还可用来表示人的岁数，如： When he moved to Germany in the 1960s, he was already in his forties. 意为：他六十年代移居德国时，已经四十多岁了。

 

英语数词考点讲解与练习

【考点扫描】

   表示数目或顺序的词叫数词。数词可分基数词和序数词两大类。纵观近年来各省市中考的试题，对数词的考查主要集中在以下几点：

   1、基数词的写法。几十后面加ty， “几十几”，要用连字符号；几百几十几，hundred百位和十位间用and；hundred, thousand, million, billion等词表示具体数字时，用单数形式，在没有确切数目修饰时，可用复数形式，后面可以加of。

   2、基数词变序数词。1、2、3词尾字母t、 d、d; 8后少t, 9减e; 5与 12同ve, ve要用f替，再加th；ie替y后再加th。序数词前经常the，但表示“再一”、“又一”的意思时，序数词前用不定冠词a 或an。

   3、分数表达法。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子为“1”时，分母要用序数词的复数形式。分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由后面名词的单复数来决定。

   4、数字的日常应用

    （1）日期表示法：表示年月日应为“月份+日期+年份”。（2）时间表示法：整点数字后加“o’clock”，几点几分顺着读；几点过几分，要用past；几点差几分，用to；半小时是“half”，15分钟为“quarter”。（3）编号既可用序数词，也可用基数词。但门牌号、房间号、页码、电话号码等通常用基数词。（4）表示某人“几十岁”要用基数词的复数形式。如：in one’s thirties 三十多岁。（5）对日期（几月几日）的提问常用what’s the date；对时刻（几点几分）的提问一般用what time。

5、由基数词和名词构成的复合形容词，名词用单数。
    6、表示“几个半” 英语中表达“几个半”有两种方法：“数词+and+ a half+名词（复数）”和“数词+名词（复数）+and a half”。

【策略点拨】
    考查数词的常见题型有选择填空、单词拼写和句型转换等。做这类题时，必须要注意基数词和序数词的拼写，分数、不确切数量词间的关系与名词搭配，以及数词在日常生活中的应用等。

【真题再现】
1. There are about two ______ students in the newly built school.     （2006 杭州）
    A. thousand   B. thousands   C. thousand of   D. thousands of
剖析：当hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有确切数字时，这些词应用单数形式。答案：B
2. The ____question is much more difficult than this one.           (2006 重庆)
  A. sixth         B. six          C. sixteen       D. sixty
剖析：此题考查的是序数词的用法。表示“第……”时，用序数词，序数词前要用定冠词the。 答案：A
3. In the past few years, many tall buildings have been built in our city. The tallest is an ______that stands in the center.                                       （2005 济宁）
A. 80-floor building B. 60-floor building C. 80-floor buildings D. 70-floors building

剖析：此题题眼为the tallest，既然是最高级，说明building要用单数。再看an是用在元音音素前的不定冠词，所以应选由数词和名词单数加连字符构成的复合形容词来修饰名词。答案：A

4. Time is not enough for so much work. ______ people are needed, I think.（2005河南）

A. Other two     B. Only two     C. Two more     D. Two others

剖析：此题上句说明时间短，工作量大，因此判断下文指的是还需要两个人。表示在原有数量上的增加，有another和more两个词，即“another+基数词”，或“基数词+more”。答案：C

6. The _______ man on the left is Beckham, a famous football player. （2006 泸州）

     A. two                B. second              C. three

剖析：本句主要表示man的顺序，序数词前用定冠词the，而且名词man是单数形式，不能接受two three的修饰。答案：B

【现场练兵】

I. 选择填空。

1. 333 reads ___________.

A. three hundred and thirty three    B. three hundreds and thirty-three

C. three hundred and thirty-three    D. three hundred thirty-three

2. The _______ month of the year is February.

A. one          B. first         C. two         D. second

3. The beautiful skirts are on show in the shop, Jane likes _______.

A. the ninth      B. the nineth    C. nine        D. ninth

4. It took me _______ to finish my homework.

A. a half and two hour           B. two hour and a half

C. two and a half hour           D. two and a half hours

5. December is the _______ month of the year.

A. twelve       B. twelveth     C. twelvieth        D. twelfth

6. Tom bought ______ for himself yesterday.

A. two pairs of shoes             B. two pair of shoe

C. two pair of shoes              D. two pairs shoes

7. There are _______ seconds in a minute.

A. fourty          B. forty          C. sixteen      D. sixty

8. Lin Tao gets up at ______ in the morning.

A. half past six     B. six past half    C. past half six   D. half six past

9. December ______ is Christmas.

A. twenty-five     B. the twenty-fifth  C. the twentieth-five  D. twentieth-fifth

10. There are _____ stars in the universe.

A. millions       B. million of       C. millions of       D. million

11. Monday is the _______ day of the week.

A. two          B. second          C. three            D. third

12. Mr. Black left here _____ ago.

A. half a hour     B. half an hour     C. an half hour      D. a half hours

13. There are _____ students in their school.

A. nine hundred       B. nine hundreds        C. nine hundred of    D. nine hundreds of

14. There are _____ words in the text of the _____ Lesson.

A. hundred of, Fifth    B. a hundred of, Fiveth C. hundreds of, Fifth    D. hundreds of, Fiveth

15. We had learned about _____ English words by the end of last term.

A. nine hundreds and forty-five                B. nine hundreds of and forty-five

C. nine hundred and forty-five                D. nine hundred and fourty-five

16.This picture is quite old. We can still see it was drawn in ____ century.

A. sixteen      B. the sixteen     C. sixteenth     D. the sixteenth

17.In ______ Marx began to learn Russian.

A. a 1870      B. the 1870       C. the 1870s     D. his 1870              

18.________ people have visited the famous _______ bridge across the river.

A. Millions; 800-meter-long       B. Millions of; 800-meters-long

C. Million; 800-meters-long       D. Millions of; 800-meter-long

19.—What is 2/3 and 1/4?

—It’s ______.

A.3/7        B.2/3           C.11/12         D.3/4

20.—Which is the smallest number of the four?

—_____________.

A.A half      B. A quarter     C. Two-thirds     D. Three-fourths

21.The water behind the Three Gorges Dam （三峡大坝）should be ______ higher than downstream.

A. sixty-five meter  B. sixty-fifth meter  C. sixty-five meters   D. sixty-fifth meters

22.There are over nine _____ workers in the factory, but ____ of young people hope to work in it.

A. Hundred, hundred  B. hundreds, hundreds  C. hundred, hundreds   D. hundreds, hundred

23. He’ll have to spend ___________ writing his report here.

A. one day or two days   B. one day or two   C. a day or two days    D. a day or two

24.—What’s the date today?

—It’s ______________.

A. March five     B. March the five      C. March fifty     D. March the fifth

25. We’ll have a __________ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?

A. two days        B. two-day           C. two-days        D. two days’

II. 单词拼写

1. August is the e_____ month of a year.

2. We’ll meet at a q______ to eight, that is to say, 7:45 at the bookstore.

3. —Do you know what Taiwan Island was like t______ of years ago?

—Yes. About 20,000-30,000 years ago, it was part of the mainland.

4. Liu Xiang got the ______ (one) in his competition of the 2004 Olympic Games.

5. Look at the photo! The ______（第二个） man from the left is my grandpa.

6. My aunt’s office is on the ______（第六）floor.

7. The Smiths had a big party to celebrate their son’s ______ （二十岁）birthday last Sunday.

8. The boy has collected more than ______ （四十）stamps from different countries.

III.对画线部分提问

1. Jim goes to Tsing Hua University at 8:00 every day.

________________________________________

2. The sweater is fifty yuan.

________________________________________

3. It is two hundred meters from here.

________________________________________

4. My telephone number is 6665028.

________________________________________

5. There are 800 students in our school.

________________________________________

6.She has worked in Jinan for five years.

________________________________________

7. Jackson was born in May, 1970.

________________________________________

8.Today is March 7.

________________________________________

参考答案

I.  1-5 CDADD 6—10 ADABC 11—15 BBACC  16-20 DCDCB  21-25 CCDDB

Ⅱ. 1. eighth  2.quarter  3.thousands  4. first   5.second   6.sixth   7.twentieth   8. forty 

Ⅲ. 1.What time does Jim go to Tsing Hua University every day?  2. How much is the sweater?  3. How far is it from here?  4. What is your telephone number?  5. How many students are there in your school?  6. How long has she worked in Jinan? 7. When was Jackson born?  8. What’s the date today