名词所有格
(2012-01-25 21:44:32)
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彼得北京名词所有格双重所有格本题杂谈 |
分类: 词类 |
名词所有格
英语名词中表示所有关系的形式叫名词所有格。所有格的构成有以下几种:
一、'S结构表示所有关系
(1)表示有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格一般在名词后加'S。
a child's
dream
the children's
room
the horse's
mouth
Frank's new
watch
(2) 以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在该名词的后面加“'”。
the teachers'
office
the masses'
opinion
the
students'hotel
(3) 以s结尾的姓氏可以用'S或单独使用“'”。
Mr Jones's
house
Burns's
poems
(4)复合名词和由几个词组成的名词的所有格往往在最后一个名词的后面加上'S。
my brother-in-law's
photo
the commander-in-chief's
report
Henrry the Eighth's
wives
(5) 如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在最后一个名词的后面加 'S;如果不共有,那么两个名词的后面各加'S。
Marry and Peter's
room
Marry's and Peter's
room
(6) 在一些与时间、地理、机构等有关的无生命名词之后也可以加'S表示所有格。
today's newpaper 今天的报纸。
a stone's
throw
China's
industry
Beijing's
weather
our Party's
stand
(7) 除了表示所有关系之外,'S结构有时还有其他作用。
〈a〉表示类别,如:a girl's
school
〈b〉表示动作执行者,如:Scott's journey 斯科特所做的旅行。
〈c〉表示动作承受者,如:my brother's promotion 我哥哥的被提升。
〈d〉表示特征,如:John's stammer 约翰的口吃的毛病。
(8) 's和 s' 后的名词有时可以省略
〈a〉所含的名词不言而喻
My watch is better than Mary's. 我的手表比玛丽的(表)好。
〈b〉指“某人家”
at my
ancle's
at Wang's 王家。
〈c〉指做某种生意的店铺
the baker's 面包房。
the chemist's 药店。
the butcher's 肉店。
the blacksmith's 铁匠铺。
二、“of+名词”结构表示所有关系
(1)无生命东西的名词的所有格一般用“名词+of+名词”结构来表示。
the title of the book 书名。
the windows of the house 房子的窗户。
the depth of the ditch 沟的深度。
(2) 指有生命的东西的名词较长或名词的定语较长时,也可以用of 词组来表示所有格。
the works of Marx Engels Lenin Stalin 马、恩、列、斯著作。
the excellent performance of the actor 演员的出色表演。
三、双重所有格
of + 's 结构被称为双重所有格。在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时用双重所有格。
those books of the
students'
a few classmaters of
Tom's
A picture of his uncle's was displayed on the
show
He is a friend of
mine
1. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.
A. rooms number B. Room number
C. Room’s number D. Room numbers
解析 本题应选A。起修饰作用的名词,如不表示所有关系,通常不用’s。本题房间和号码不是所有关系。
2. The newly-built library is a ______ building.
A. five-storey B. Five storeys
C. Five-storey’s D. Five storeys’
解析 本题应选D。
3. --- Whose umbrella is it?
--- It’s _______.
A. somebody else’s B. Somebody else
C. Somebody’s else’s D. Somebody’s else
解析 本题应选A。不定代词后接 else , 所有格放在 else 上。
4. I feel terribly hot, What’s the _____?
A. temperature of room
B. Room’s temperature
C. Room temperature
D. Temperature of room’s
解析 本题应选A。
5. _______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.
A. The evens B. The Evens’
C. The Evenses D. The Evenses’
解析 本题应选 B。
6.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of ________.
A. Mary’s sister B. Mary sister’s
C. Mary’s sister’s D. Sister of Mary’s
解析 本题应选A。 那个女孩是玛莉的姐姐的朋友。
7. The woman over there is ______ mother.
A. Julia and Shelley’s
B. Julia’s and Shelley’s
C. Julia and Shelley
D. Julia’s and Shelley
解析 本题应选A。那个妇女是单数,是一个人。应该是朱莉娅和谢莉两人共同的母亲。
8. He is very tired. He needs ______.
A. a night rest B. a rest night
C. a night’s rest D. a rest of night
解析 本题应选C。
9. ---Excuse me,where are _______ offices?
---Over there.
A. teacher’s B. teachers’
C. the teacher’s D. the teachers’
解析 本题应选D。 D项的the teachers’是复数名词的所有格形式,修饰复数中心名词offices。C项the teacher’s是单数名词所有格形式,从语法上讲不符合上下文,并且从内容上讲单个老师拥有若干offices也讲不通,故舍之。A、B项前面少了定冠词the,成了泛指的offices,无法达到交际的目的,因此也不选。
10. It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes round shape into a teardrop shape.
A. of the drop B. the drop’s
C. drop of D. drops the
解析本题应选B。“It”是形式主语。“that…”引导的是主语从句。主语从句的谓语是“changes…into…”“把……变成……”。其中“…into…”的前后应是对应的平行结构。很明显A和D都不行,不能把“changes”误作名词。C改变了“…into…”的平行关系。只有B既能与前边的动词“changes”衔接,又能保持“…into…”的平行关系。
11. Today is September 10th. It’s_____ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A. Teacher B. Teachers’
C. the Teachers’ D. Teacher’s
解析 本题应选B。 注意不加冠词。2003年北京西城区、天津市和2002年长沙市试题都考查了这个知识点。
12. We’ll have a _____ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?
A. two days B. two-day
C. two-days D. two day’s
解析 本题应选B。 注意不同的表达方式:a two days’ holiday或a two-day holiday。
13. This is my dress. That on
A. Mary B. Mary’s
C. sister D. mother
解析 本题应选B。 on
14. The is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.
A. bicycle’s shop B. bicycle shop
C. bicycles shop D. bicycles’ shop
解析 本题应选B。名词作定语可分两种情况,一是名词所有格;二是表示中心词的性质、材料、类别或性别等时,一般直接用名词的单数形式,只有clothes, parents, goods, sports, sales 等少数几个名词必须用复数形式。此处指商店的性质,用单数形式,意思为:自行车商店就在拐角处,你不会错过它。
15. The village is far away from her indeed. It’s walk.
A. a four hour B. a four hour’s
C. a four-hours D. a four hours’
解析 本题应选D。冠词、数词、量词和名词连用有两种形式:一种是a+数词+量词的名词所有格+名词,如果数词大于“1”,量词要用复数形式,如:a four miles’ journey; 另一种是:a+数词-量词+名词,这时量词要用单数形式。如:a four-mile walk.
Exercises
一I.名词所有格练习.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
A. Teacher B. Teacher's
C. Teachers' D. Teacher'
2. It's June 1st, it's ________ Day.
A. Childrens B. Children's
C. Childrens' D. Childrens's
3. This year, ________ is on May 9th.
A. My mother's brithday
B. My mothers' brithday
C. My mothers brithday
D. My mothers's brithday
4. Lin Tao is ill, so he has to go to the ________ .
A. doctor B. doctor's
C. doctors' D. doctor'
5. —Where is Mr. Zhang?
—He is in the ________ .
A. teacher's reading room
B. teachers' reading room
C. teacher reading room
D. teachers reading room
6. This is ________ ball. It's not ________ .
A. the boy's, girl's
B. the boy's, the girl's
C. the boy, the girl
D. boys', girls
7. This year, the most popular ________ hat is that kind.
A. woman's B. womens'
C. women's D. womans'
8. Look at the book, it's not mine, and it's not yours, so it must be ________ .
A. somebody else's
B. somebody else'
C. somebody's else
D. somebody' else
9. These are ________ .
A. newspaper of today
B. today's newspaper
C. today's newspapers'
D. today newspaper's
10. It's about ________ from my home to our school.
A. twenty minutes' walk
B. walk of twenty minutes'
C. walk of twenty minutes'
D. twenty minute's walk
11. ________ is very small and white.
A. The hat of your brother's
B. The hat of your brother
C. Your brother's hat
D. Your brother hat
12. This is ________ .
A. Mike and Jim's bike
B. Mike's and Jim bike
C. Mike's and Jim's bike
D. Mike and Jim bike
13. He is ________ .
A. one student of my father
B. one of my father's student
C. my father's students
D. one student of my father's
14. Ken is also ________ .
A. one cousin of mine
B. one cousin of my
C. one cousin of me
D. one cousin of I
15. ________ has travelled to Beijing.
A. A friend of her
B. A friend of hers
C. A her friend
D. Her's one friend
16. These are ________ books. Li Lin bought some at the Sun Bookstore and Jill bought some at the Blue Sky Bookstore.
A. Li Lin's and Jill
B. Li Lin and Jill's
C. Li Lin's and Jill
D. Li Lin's and Jill's
17. Billy and I are good friends, I have ________ . Look at this one, how sweet he is smiling!
A. some pictures of Billy'
B. some pictures of Billy's
C. some Billy's pictures
D. some pictures of Billy
18. This is ________ , and I borrowed it two days ago.
A. a picture of Mr. Cox
B. a picture of Mr. Cox's
C. a Mr. Cox' picture
D. Mr. Cox's picture
参考答案:
1. 教师们共同的节日,故用复数名词所有格,选C。
2. Children本身已是复数形式,不需在词尾再加s,故选B。
3. A。
4. 表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词时,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略,选B。
5. 老师们所共用的阅览室,用复数名词的所有格,选B。
6. B。
7. 最受欢迎的女士帽,应在复数名词之后加名词所有格,故选C。
8. A。
9. 今天的,应在today后使用所有格形式,选B。
10. 表示时间的名词,可直接在词尾加's变成相应的所有格,twenty minutes是以s结尾的复数形式,直接在词尾加',选A。
11. 有生命的名词, 一般使用's 名词所有格结构,选C。
12. 双方共同拥有的物品,只在后一个名词上使用所有格结构。选A。
13. 双重所有格,我父亲的学生中的一个,选D。
14. 我的堂兄弟中的一个,“我的”后省略名词,用名词性物主代词,选A。
15. B。
16. 虽书本放在一处,但两人各拥有一部分的所有权,不是双方共同拥有,故两者都应用's形式,选D。
17. 我有比利的照片,应是画面内容是有关比利的,不是所有权归比利,故应用D。
18. 对照片所有权归考克斯先生,照片没有生命,故用of所有格形式, 故选B。