代词

知识目标：通过讲解、点评、中考试题练习等方式复习代词的内容。

语法重点：代词的有关用法。

难点突破：人称代词和物主代词的正确运用。

复习步骤设计：

（一）词汇复习：根据备课组的课标词汇表顺序进行听写检查。

（二）语法复习：代词。

 一.概念：代词是代替名词、形容词、和数词的词。

 二.解读考试说明代词的考查内容，中考对代词考查的重点有：

   1)、熟练运用人称代词和物主代词的用法。

   2)、理解反身代词的基本用法。

   3)、理解指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词的用法。

三．例解：

1)人称代词有主格和宾格，有单复数形式

主格	I	you	she, he, it	we	you	they
宾格	me	you	her, him, it	us	you	them

主格在句中充当主语。I help you.

宾格在句中充当宾语。You thank me.

考点1  

1. — Who broke the window?     — Not _____.

        A. I        B. he       C. her

2.  Miss Li invited __ have dinner with her .

 A. me and you        B. you and I        C. you and me

3. Who taught _____ English last term?

    A. them        B. their         C. they

2)物主代词

形容词性物主代词	my	your	his	her	its	our	your	their
名词性物主代词	mine	yours	his	hers	its	ours	yours	theirs

(1) 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。 (2) 名词性物主代词常用来避免重复上文已提到的名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”。

注意：

    一变(如：my—mine)

    二留(如：his—his; its—its)

    三加s(如：your—yours; our—ours; her—hers; their—theirs)

考点2   

1. She is a friend of ________.

    A. my      B. mine      C.  I

2. This isn’t my pen ,it is _____.

    A. her      B. his      C. him

3. Frank can’t find ____ dictionary . Can you lend ____ to _____?

    A. her ,  mine    , her

    B.  /  ,  yours ,  he

C. his , yours , him

 4. ____ school is much bigger than ____.

 A. Our , their

 B. Ours , theirs

 C. Our  , theirs

5. The dog is so poor because ____ leg is badly hurt .

 A. it       B. its      C. it’s

one   it

one 同类不同件．

it     同类同件．

①  The box is in the middle of the room. Move __ away.

      A. it           B.  one          C. /

②  I have lost my pen. I have to buy ___.

      A. one       B. it               C. /

③  How nice your bag is! I want to buy ___.

       A. it          B. one            C. /

3)反身代词：某某自己；亲自。

第一人称	myself	ourselves
第二人称	yourself	yourselves
第三人称	himself herself itself	themselves

反身代词的常见搭配：

(1)enjoy oneself　玩得高兴；过得愉快

(2)hurt oneself 　伤着自己

(3)teach oneself＝learn... by oneself　自学

(4)(all) by oneself　(完全)独立地

(5)help oneself to　请自便；随便吃……

(6)look after oneself　自理；照顾自己

(7)leave one by oneself　把……单独留下

(8)lose oneself in　陶醉于……；沉浸于……

考点3

1.     The man is rich , he can buy ___ a lot of things .

   A.  he       B. his      C. himself

2. --- What a lovely card ! Where did you buy it?

   --- I made it by _____.

 A. me     B. myself    C. itself

3. “Help ____ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests.

  A. yourself      B. yourselves     C. your

4)指示代词

单数	this	that
复数	these	those

1. this, these

(1) 近指。 如：This is my pen. These are my books.

(2)指下文要提到的事.如:Please remember this: No pains, no gains.

2. that, those

    (1)远指。

    (2)指上文刚刚提到过的事。

       (3)打电话时用this 介绍自己，用that询问对方。

考点4

 ①  The population of Shanghai is larger than __ of Jinan.

      A. that      B. this     C. it

②  The radios made in Beijing are as good as ___ made in Qingdao.

      A. that       B. these      C. those

③  What I want to tell you is ___the film will be at eight.

       A. it       B. this      C. that

5)疑问代词

	主格	宾格	所有格
指人	who	whom	whose
指物	what		whose
指人或指物	which		whose

1. 疑问代词通常位于句首，引出特殊疑问句。如：

    What are you doing, Jim? 吉姆，你在干什么？

    Whose wallet is this? 这是谁的钱包？

    Which bike is yours? 哪辆自行车是你的？

疑问代词的难点：

    ①疑问代词which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内。如：

    Which girls do you like best？　你最喜欢哪几个姑娘？

    What girls do you like best？　 你最喜欢什么样的姑娘？

②whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom。如：

    Who(m) did you meet on the street？ 你在街上遇到了谁？(作动词宾语)

    Who(m) are you taking the book to？　

    你要把这书带给谁？(作介词宾语，置句首)

    For whom are you waiting？　

你在等谁？(作介词宾语，置介词后，不能用who取代。)

6)不定代词

普通不定代词

some, any	few, little	none, one, other
many, much	either, neither
each, every	both, all

复合不定代词

somebody	anybody	nobody	everybody
someone	anyone	no one	everyone
something	anything	nothing	everything

1. some与any

     一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句。但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议时应用some。此类句型常以could, would开头。

相当于a lot of 许多，但a lot of不能用于否定句)

3. few, a few ; little, a little

	表否定	表肯定
后接可数名词	few(几乎没有)	a few(几个；一些)
后接不可数名词	little(几乎没有)	a little(一点儿；少许)

 考点5

1. Although all the girls have tried their best , only ___ pass the exam.

   A. few        B. a few     C. a little

2. Don’t worry .There is ____ time left .

    A. little       B. a little     C. few

3. You are so great! ____ people in the school can do it .

  A.  A little     B. Little    C. Few

4. none   no one

none	no one
没有什么人 / 物	“没有人” 只能指人
回答 how many 问句	回答who问句
none of + 复数名词 / them        谓语用单数

考点6

①  How many people are there in the room?   — ___.

      A. None           B.  No one          C. Lucy

②  Who is in the room?                — ___.

      A. None           B.  No one          C. one

③  None of them ___ China.

       A. come from      B. is from       C. is come from

5

either of   两者之一	+ 复数名词 / them / us	谓单
neither of 两者都不		谓单
both of     两者都		谓复

考点7

①  ___ of the girls ___ him. They asked him for name card.

      A.  Neither; know    

      B.  Either; know      

      C.  Neither; knows

②  Both of his parents ___ teachers.

       A. is           B.  are           C. was

③  Both of his brothers ___ in this hospital, but neither of them ___ a doctor.

       A. works; is      B. work; is       C. work; are

either …or …     或者…或者…	就近原则
neither …nor … 两者都不
both …and …    两者都	复数谓语

考点8

①  Either Tom or the twins __ the way to the shop.

      A. know     B. knows    C. finds

②  Neither you nor I ___ a scientist.

       A. is           B.  are           C. am

③  Both Tom and Mary ___ hard.

       A. studies      B. study       C. studying

④    The students are all from Foshan . They ___ like their city .

      A. both     B. all     C. either

⑤      Lucy and Lily ___ agree with us.

       A. all           B.  both           C. neither

⑥     How are your parents ? They are ____ fine.

       A. both      B. all       C. no

either	否定句末     “也”
neither	倒装句表否定     neither + 助动词 / be / 情态动词 + 主语
both	助动词 / be / 情态动词 + both                             both + 行为动词

考点9

①  I didn’t see it, ___.

      A. too     B. as well    C. either

②  He couldn’t open the door.  _______.

       A. Neither could I          B.  So could I             

      C. Neither couldn’t I

③      They__ in good health, and they___ there. 

      A. are both; will both go  

      B. both are; will go both

      C. are both; both goes

6. other, another, others

	单数	复数
泛指	another三者或三者以上的另一个	others＝other＋名词复数 (别的人或物，但不是全部) 常用结构：some..., others...
特指	one...the other 一个……另一个	the others＝the other＋名词复数 (其余所有的人或物)

考点10

 ④ I have two brothers. __ is a doctor, __ is a soldier.

     A. One, the other          B. One, other

     C. The one, the other    

⑤ Some of the students are playing on the playground. But where’re ______?

     A.  the other     B.others      C.the others

⑥ --- Is this your sock ?   

     --- Yes, it is . Where is _?

     A.  another      B. the other one    C. others

⑦ We got home by 4 o’clock ,but  ___ didn’t get  back until 8 o’clock.

     A. the other        B. others     

    C. the others

7. each, every

都意为“每一个”。each指两者或两者以上的人或事，every指三者或三者以上的人或事。 each在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，可与of连用；every在句中只能作定语，且不能与of连用。

 复合不定代词

somebody	anybody	nobody	everybody
someone	anyone	no one	everyone
something	anything	nothing	everything

注：当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else须放在复合不定代词后。

 everyone, anyone, no one 只能指人；every one, any one, none既可指人，也可指物，还可与of短语连用。

考点11

 1. Do you have _____ to do this evening?

    A.  important something  

    B. anything important

    C. something important

2.  _____ is watching TV . Let’s turn it off .

    A . Somebody    B. Anybody         C. Nobody

3. Would you like ___? I can get it for you .

    A. something else

    B. anything else

    C. everything else

 四.中考考什么

【例1】　Kate and I are going to the concert this weekend. Dad will take ________  there.

        A. it                            B. you

        C. us                           D. them

解析：本题考查人称代词的宾格用法。介词后应该用人称 代词的宾格， 与“Kate and I”对应的应是“我们”。故选C。

【例2】—Can I use your bike this afternoon? ________   

      is under repair.

       —No problem. Here’s the key.

        A. My                            B. Mine

        C. Me                             D. I

  解析：本题考查人称代词四格的辨析。观察句式，此空须填入能独立做主语的人称代词，则选mine或I；根据句意“我的在修理”则选mine(我的)。故选B。

例3】　—Who teaches ________ painting?

        —Nobody, I teach ________.

         A. your; mine                      B. your; my

         C. you; myself                     D. you; me

  解析：本题考查人称代词宾格及反身代词的用法。动词teach后用宾格，则选you；根据句意“谁教你画画？没人，我自学。”teach oneself意为“自学”。故选C。

【例4】We’d better wait ________ more minutes. I think Jeff will come soon.

         A. a few                              B. few

         C. a little                            D. little

    解析：本题考查不定代词。根据题意可知：再等几分钟,且minutes为可数名词复数。故选A。

例5】 ________of the two story books are very interesting, so I can’t decide which one to choose.

         A. All                             B. Any

         C. Either                       D. Both

解析：本题考查不定代词的用法。”；all意为“三者或三者以上都”；any意为“三者或以上中的任一”；both意为“两者都，either意为“两者中任一”；。根据句中的关键词“two, are”，确定both为正确选项。故选D。

【例6】—How many students like his song?

        — ________ of us likes it. It sounds terrible.

        A. None                   B. Nobody

        C. Every one           D. All

解析：本题考查不定代词的用法。根据句意“它听起来很恐怖”可确定选项应为A或B，而与of连用的只能用none。故选A。

【例7】　(2012宁波)

       —Who helped Jessie with her English?

       — ________， she taught herself.

        A. Anybody            B. Somebody

        C. Nobody              D. Everybody　

解析：本题考查不定代词的用法。根据句意“她自学”可知没人帮她。故选C。

五.领悟语法

单项选择

(       )1. —Is this ________ ruler?

              —No. ________ is over there.

              A. her; Her             B. her; Hers

              C. hers; Hers          D. hers; Her

    解析：考查物主代词的用法。形容词性的物主代词后要接名词，而名词性的物主代词则不用跟名词。

(      )2. —Tomorrow is David’s tenth birthday.

            —Yes. Let’s give ________ a CD. He likes music.

            A. himself           B. his

            C. him                 D. he

    解析：考查代词的用法。himself为反身代词，意为“他自己”; his作形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词；him是宾格作宾语；he为主格，作主语。根据句意“让我们给他一个CD。”缺少宾语。故选C。

(      )3. —Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I   

           can’t find a repair shop.

          —I know ________ nearby. Come on, I’ll show you.

            A. one                     B. it

            C. some                  D. that

解析：考查数词。one表示有一个；it代指上面提到的事物；some指一些；that指的是那件事。句意：我知道附近有一个修理店。故选A。

(      )4. Peter tried on three jackets, but _______ of them fitted him.             A. all                        B. both

             C. none                       D. neither

 解析：考查不定代词的用法。all意为“都；全部”，强调三者或者三者以上的人或事物；both意为“两者都”；none意为 “三者或三者以上都不”；neither意为“两者都不”.句意为 “彼得试穿了三件夹克衫，但是都不合身”。故选C。

(      )5. —Hi, Jim! Is this your bike or Mary’s?

             —It’s mine, not ________.

             A. her                       B. him　

             C. his                        D. hers

    解析：考查名词性物主代词。答句意为“是我的，不是她的”，此处用女性的名词性物主代词，故选D。

(      )6. I have two brothers. One is a teacher,     

              ________ is a doctor.   

            A. another                 B. other

            C. others                    D. the other

解析：考查one...the other 固定用法。根据句意：我有两个哥哥，一位是老师，另一位是医生。故选D。

(      )7. —Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?

             —I don’t care. ________ is fine.

             A. Either                B. Neither

             C. Both                   D. All

解析：考查代词的用法。either意为“任何一个”；neither意为“两者都不”；

both意为“两者都”；all意为“全部”。根据答句谓语动词是is故排除C、D。由答“我不在乎。任何一种都好”，应排除B。故选A。

(      )8. Did you see Peter and Mike? No, I saw     

             ________of them.  (2011枣庄)

             A. neither                        B. either　

             C. both                             D. none

解析：考查不定代词. 根据句意：你看见彼得和迈克了吗？不，他们两个我一个也没看见。neither两者中任何一个都不，either两者中的任何一个，both两者都， none三者或三者以上都不。故选A。

(      )9. I knocked on the door but ________ answered.                                                                                  

            A. somebody                   B. nobody

            C. anybody                     D. everybody

解析：考查不定代词。根据句意：我敲门，但是没人开。故选B。

(      )10. Teenagers should learn to protect ________

             from all  kinds of danger.

               A. them                             B. they

               C. their                              D. themselves

解析：考查人称代词辨析。them意为“他们”，作宾格；they意为“他们”，作主格； their意为“他们的”，作形容词性物主代词，后面跟名词； themselves意为“他们自己”，作反身代词。句意为“青少年应该学会保护自己免受各种危险。”protect oneself意为“保护自己”。故选D。

Homework

1.复习代词知识讲解。

2.完成代词练习 。