lesson33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

 几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。天将黑时，小船撞在了一块礁石上，姑娘跳进了海里。她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。在那段时间里，她游了8英里。第二天凌晨，她看到前方有灯光，知道自己已经接近岸边了，因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上。到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。她所记得的就是这些。第二天她醒来时，发现自己躺在医院里。

 

【New words and expressions】（12）

★darkness     n. 黑暗

in the darkness    在黑暗中(在没有光线的情况下)

★explain   v. 解释, 叙述explanation     n. 解释

Could you give me an explanation?   

interpret      v. 解释, (强调翻译)语言之间的解释

interpreter  n. 解释程序，解释者，口译人员，翻译员，讲解员interpretation   n. 解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译interpretress      n. 女翻译员

★coast     n. 海岸（地理意义上的海岸, 海岸线等, 感觉旁边是岩石, 很陡峭

seashore    n. 海岸（跟游玩有关系, 为了游玩的）

seaside  n. 海边 seashore/ seaside 给人的感觉是旁边是沙滩, 可以进行日光浴的感觉

bank      n. 河岸，坝，堤（两边比水面高）

★storm      n. 暴风雨 (只解释为“风暴”)

Snowstorm n. 暴风雪thunderstorm    n. [气]雷暴，雷雨rain heavily    表示雨下得很大

pour   v. 灌注, 倾泻, 涌入, 流, 倾盆大雨

The rain is pouring.       倾盆大雨

It's raining cats and dogs.  滂沱大雨

★towards       prep. 向, 朝, 接近

towards 强调nearer and nearer（强调越来越近）

★rock     n. 岩石, 礁石

rock 表示huge stone  

★ahead     adv. 在前面

a开头的词（asleep，awake，alive，ahead，alight…）往往是表语形容词。不管是作表语形容词，还是副词，都放在名词的后面，一般形容词放在名词前面

ahead 的用法：

①放在被修饰词的后面作定语, 定语后置

light ahead    前方的灯光

② ahead of…   在……前面

He went ahead of me.　他走在我前面

③ go ahead　   朝前走；请随便(回答请求时用)

--Would you mind my using your telephone? / Can I use your telephone?--Ok, go ahead.

★hospital    v. 医院

hospital前面是否加the，和它的功能有关系，一旦+the, 只表示地点go to hospital   看病  ； go to the hospital   去医院（看望病人）

in hospital    住院 ； in the hospital    在医院

【课文讲解】

1、Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.

nearly    adv. 将近

 “一段时间以后”句型：

sometime later…

Three days later, my mother returned. （强调某人做某事，简单句)Three days passed and then my mother returned.　并列句, 既强调某人做某事, 又强调时间(有多久)…passed before…

Three days passed before my mother returned.

强调时间(这么久的时间, 时间状语从句, 后面是从句)be able to强调有能力, 且能够成功(还强调成功)；can 只表示能力

2、One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.

set out = set off = begin a journey  出发

set out from…      从……出发

be caught in+灾难     （突然）遇到/上（风暴等）

He was caught in a rain when he left.  遇上人用meet, 遇上灾难用be caught in…

3、Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. towards evening   天越来越晚

strike强调的往往是猛烈的撞击

4、Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water.

“to”强调朝那个方向去, 但没有强调越来越近；“towards”朝那个方向去，强调距离越来越近

5、During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.

cover可笼统地表示“行过（一段路程）”，根据上下文可具体译为“走过、飞过、游过”等。

  The bird covered the distance in three minutes.

a distance of+具体长度    多长的距离，表示具体的距离the red army covered a distance of 25000…  

6、Early next morning, she saw a light ahead.

a light ahead   前方的一盏灯（ahead 放在被修饰词的后面）

7、On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen.

“on +动名词”相当于一个由as soon as＝the moment或when引导的时间状语从句，as soon as＝the moment后面要加句子，on 后面一定要加动词ing, 承认动词是由主句主语做的

  “…up the cliff towards the…”用两个介词起到动词的作用，up在此处为介词，表示“沿着……往上”

8、That was all she remembered. 

all作表语，是先行词, she remember 修饰 all 作定语从句, 省略 that

9、When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

find +宾语+宾补     发现……（宾补可以由形容词或介词短语充当）

【Key structures】　

表示方向和目的地的介词和副词

①表示“上、下”的两对小品词是on和off，up和down

Jim’s standing on the roof. I hope he won’t fall off.

Tom’s climbing up the tree. I hope he won’t fall down.

②表示“来、去”的一对小品词是from和to；towards（强调越来越近）的意义和to（强调目标）相近，表示“朝，向，接近”等；for在有些动词后面也表示“往，向”的意思

He went for home.

leave for…    动身到某地（强调离开，出发）

set out for…     动身到某地

head for/to     前往 （强调“去”）

③表示“进去，出来”这两种方向的介词为into（进、入）和out of（从...出来）；表示“在某个地方”或“在……里面/外面”可用at（含有一种瞄准的概念，方向性），in，out of等；表目的地或位置往往用at

aim at，fire at(瞄准开火)，throw at，threw to the bank

④表示“穿过，越过，绕过”等动词时，往往用through，across，under，over，round等介词

How did you get over the wall?

【Special difficulties】

Pass and Past

pass和past的区别主要是词义上的区别，pass是动词，其过去式为passed，过去分词是passed或past。当作及物动词用时，可表示“经过，通过（考试），超过”等，作不及物动词用时可表示“（时间等）消逝”。 I’ve passed/past my French test.

  A month has passed/past since I left home.

past可以作形容词、介词、名词等，作形容词时表示“以前的，过去的”等；作介词时表示“经过，超出范围等）”；作名词时表示“过去，昔时，往事”等。Frank is proud of his past experience.

I go past the garden.

Can you tell me something about your past?

Next and  Other

next表示时间顺序上“紧接的，下一个”，如果以现在为基准，则next前一般不加the；如果以过去或将来的某一时间为基准，则next前面要加the或其他修饰词。

  next day 第二天

  the other day =a few days ago (几天前)，

  the other day 出现一定是过去时；next day有可能是过去式, 有可能是将来式

【Multiple choice questions】

4 She swam to the shore ___a___ the night in the water.a. having spent     b. having spending     c. when spending         d. had spent

只有谓语动词才有时态，句子中如果没有连词, 但有两个动词, 要把其中一个动词变成非谓语动词

从语法上讲 a, c 都对.用“when +doing”句型（when 是连词的标志）时主语要跟主句的相同，谓语动词含有be doing 结构 (两个条件必须满足)

5 How ___c___ was the shore? Eight miles.

a. away far     b. far from    c. far away      d. long

far from +地点(必须加)

对距离提问：How far away…?    (away可省略)

What's the distance…?