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There be 句型(初中篇)

(2011-10-12 17:31:45)
标签:

there_be句型

教育

分类: 句型专题

一、定义:

    There be句型表示某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物),而并非某地(某人、某物或某时)拥有什么东西”

 

二、结构:

    1、 There is  + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语.

    2、 There are + 复数名词 + 地点状语.

    完整结构如下:

    There be+代词或名词(短语)+地点/时间状语

 

三、实质:

    There be句型的实质句式为“倒装句”。

    这里there是引导词,没有词义,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。

    be是谓语动词,   

    句子的主语是某人或某物,即:代词或名词(短语)是主语。

    谓主动词be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。看下面一组例句:

    There is a girl under the tree.                 树下有一个女孩

    There are two boys under the tree.              树下有两个男孩。

    There is a girl and two boys under the tree.    树下有一个女孩,两个男孩。

    There are two boys and a girl under the tree.   树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。

     

 四、句型变化:

(一)否定句

    There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,be后加上notno即可

    注意(1)notno的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.

        (2)肯定句中的“some”,在否定句中要变成“any”。

     例1: 肯定句:            There are some pictures on the wall.

           否定句:(1)加not: There aren't any pictures on the wall. (some 变 any)

                   (2)加no: There are no pictures on the wall.

           说  明: aren't any pictures= are no pictures

     例2: 肯定句:             There is a bike behind the tree. 

           否定句: (1)加not:There isn't a bike behind the tree.

                    (2)加no: There is no bike behind the tree.

           说  明: isn't a bike = is no bike

 

(二)一般疑问句

    There be句型的一般疑问句变化是将“be动词放在句首”,再在句尾加上问号即可,此为“调整法”

    但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。

    看看下面两句是如何改头换面”的吧:

     例1:  陈  述  句:There is some water on Mars.

            一般疑问句:Is there any water on Mars?

            肯定回答: Yes, there is.

                       Yes, there is any water.

            否定回答: No, there isn't.    

                       Yes, there isn't any water.         

     例2:  陈  述  句:There are some fish in the water.

            一般疑问句:Are there any fish in the water?

            肯定回答: Yes, there are (some).

            否定回答: No, there aren't (any).

 

 (三)特殊疑问句

    There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:

1、对主语提问

    (1)当主语是人时,用“Who's+介词短语?”

    (2)当主语是物时,用“What's + 介词短语?”

    注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如:

     例1:主语是人时,对主语提问:

          陈  述  句: There is a little girl in the room.

          特殊疑问句: Who is in the room?

     例2:主语是物时,对主语提问:

          陈  述  句: There are many things over there.

          特殊疑问句: What's over there?

2、对地点状语提问:

    提问地点当然用“Where”,其形式为“Where is \ are+主语?”。

     例1:陈  述  句: There is a computer on the desk. 

          特殊疑问句: Where is the computer?

     例2:陈  述  句: There are four children on the playground.

          特殊疑问句: Where are the four children?

3、对数量提问:

    一般有两种句型结构:

    (1)How many + 复 数 名词 + are there + 介词短语?

    (2)How much + 不可数名词 + is there  + 介词短语?

 

(四)反意疑问句

    反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be(或其否定式)+there”构成。

    例:There wasn't a meeting yesterday,was there?(反意疑问句)

 

(五)一个重要句式:

    一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”,要用“There be+sb.+doing sth.+地点/时间状语”。

  例:There are several children swimming in the river.  河里有几个孩子在游泳。

 

六、There be句型与have的区别

    不难看出,各种时态的变化是通过be动词的变化来体现的。我们在使用过程中,首要的问题是弄清楚There be与have所表示的意义。

    1、 There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下:There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。简音地说:There be句型表示“存在”关系,have表示“所属”关系,两者不能混合在一个句子中。

    例如:我们要说“明天有一个班会。”

  (1)There will have a class meeting tomorrow.(×)

  (2)There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.(√)

    

   2、有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时,两种都可以用。也就是have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be 句型与其可互换。

      例1: A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.  一个星期有七天。

   例2: Class Three have a map of China on the wall.             (地图为三班学生所有。)

           There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.      (地图存在于三班。)

 

   由此看来,There will have是错误的搭配方式。

 

 

七、 注意事项:

    使用There be句型时除了掌握基础知识外,还应注意以下问题:

  1.There be句型的考查更多的是将be动词与主语结合在一起进行的,即主谓的一致性。

  例如:(1)There is _____ on the floor.

  (2)There are _____ on the floor.

  选项:A.cat B.water C.boxes D.football

  解析:(1)由is可知主语应是可数名词单数或不可数名词,而A、D项中都缺少冠词a,故选B,同理可知(2)应选C。

 

  2.如果作主语的是一个短语,则常常考查短语中的修饰语。可数名词的复数形式前可以用any,some,few,a few,many或用数词+hundred/thousand/million,hundreds/thousands/millions of,no等修饰;不可数名词可以受any,some,no,little,a little,much等词的修饰。例如:

  (1)There were_____students in our school.

  A.hundreds   B.eight hundred   C.eight hundreds of

  (2)There is _____water.You needn't get some more.

  A.few     B.little     C.much

  解析:(1)由数词与名词的搭配关系可知选B,(2)由water可知排除A项,再由后一句意思便知选C。

 

  3.注意不定代词的用法。

  (1)不定代词在句中作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式

    例如:There is nothing in the fridge.

    (2)不定代词受形容词修饰时要放在形容词前面。

    例如:There is something interesting in today's newspaper.

 

  4.There be句型的反意疑问句,要注意陈述部分的形式。

  如果陈述部分含有little,few,no,nobody,none等否定词时,后面的简短问句中要用肯定形式。

    例如:There is nobody in the room,is there?

  但有的含有否定意义的形容词修饰不定代词时则仍看做肯定句式。

    例如:There is something unusual in the room,isn't there?

 

  5.要注意句子前后意思的一致性。

  有的句子单独看其意义时,可能不止一个选项适合于它,但如果联系上下句的意思则只能有一个恰当的选项。

  例如:(1)There is _____ food.You needn't buy any.

  A.any B.some C.no

  (2) There is _____ food.You have to buy some.

  A.any B.some C.no

  从这两题中的第一个句子来看均可选用some和no,但与后面的句意结合看,答案则是唯一的:(1)B;(2)C。

 

  6.There be句型还有就近一致原则:即be动词的数应与离它最近的一个主语保持一致。

  例如:用be动词的适当形式填空

  (1)There ___ an apple and three oranges on the table.

  (2)___ there three oranges and an apple on the table?

  解析:(1)因为该句中an apple才是与be动词接近的主语,而并非an apple and three oranges是句子的主语,故而(1)的答案应为is。

  (2)因为该句中three oranges才是与be动词接近的主语,而并非three oranges and an apple是句子的主语,故而(2)的答案应为Are。

 

   

八、there be句式 考题精讲

There be句型命题趋向有两个方面:

    一是进一步加强对知识的理解与运用方面的考查。例如be动词与主语的一致性、名词或代词的修饰语、搭配关系、含否定词的反意疑问句等。

    二是有可能出现“有某人在做某事”这一句型,即“There be+sb.+doing sth.+地点/时间状语”。

    另外,还得提醒一下同学们,如果要表达诸如“这里/那里(挺漂亮……)等”这样的修饰句型,应用“It’s… here/there.”而不是“Here/there is…”。

  

【考点1】be动词的时态变化

考题:There __________ a sports meeting in our school next week

 Awill hold Bwill have  Cis going to be Dis going to hold 2002厦门)

 分析there be句式的一般将来时为there is going to bethere will be,故选C

 

【考点2there be句型的转换

There is little water in the bottle.(改为反意疑问句)

   There is little water in the bottle__________ __________ ?(2002哈尔滨)

There are some birds in that tree.(改为一般疑问句)

   __________ there __________ birds in that tree?(2002贵阳)

There's a box on the table.(对划线部分提问)

   __________ on the table?(2000四川内江)

 分析:①there be句式变反意疑问句时,其附加问句用benottherelittle表“否定”,疑问部分应用肯定形式,故填is there;②there be句式的一般疑问句是将be提前;some要变成any。故填Areany;③对there be句式的主语提问,无论主语是单数还是复数,一律用What iswas)提问,故答案为What's

 

【考点3there be be的用法

There ______ a pen and two pencils on the desk.. (be)

There ______ tow pencils and a pen on the desk. (be)

分析there be 要遵循就近原则,所以①要用is,因为be后面是a pen,②眼用are就是因为be 后面是two pencils

 

九、中考原题

1.—Oh,there isn't enough _____ for us in the lift.

 —It doesn't matter,let's wait for the next.

  A.ground   B.floor   C.place   D.room

2.There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday.

  A.was    B.will be    C.will have D.are going to be

3.There _____ a football game in our school.

  A.has    B.will have    C.will be

4.There is going to _____ a report _____ Chinese history in our school this evening.

  A. have;on     B.be;on     C.have;for     D.be;of

5.There is _____ food here.We'll have to buy some.

  A.any     B.some     C.no

6.There are _____ days in a week.

  A.the seven     B.seventh    C.the seventh     D.seven

7.There are few _____ in the fridge.Let's go and buy some peas,carrots and cabbages.

  A.vegetables     B.fruit   C.meat     D.eggs

8.Look!There are some _____ on the floor.

  A.child     B.water     C.boxes     D.girl

9.There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting.

  A.hundreds     B.hundreds of    C.hundred

10.The letter from my uncle was short.There wasn't _____ news.

  A.many   B.a few  C.much     D.few

  

 

 

参考答案

  1—5 D B C B C

  6—10 D A C C C

 

十、There be 句型专练

(一)根据所给汉语完成句子。

1. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。There _____ a book and two pens on the desk.

2. 钱包里有些钱。There ____ some money in the picture.

3. 在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。____ _____ some cards in Jims bag.

4. 里面还有其他的东西吗?_____ _____ anything else in it?

5. 我们学校有许多班。There _____ many _____ in our school.

6. 树上没有鸟。There _____ ______ birds in the tree.

 

(二)选择填空:

1. Are there any maps on the wall? ___

   A. There are some.  B. Yes, there is.   C. Yes, there is one.   D. No, there are.

2. How many ____ are there in the picture?

   A. woman B. women C. buy D. milk

3. There aren’t ___ trees near the house. There is only one.

   A. any  B. some C. many D. much

4. There ___ two bowls of rice on the table.

   A. is B. have C. has D. are

5. Are there ___ houses near the river? Yes, there are    .

   A. some, some    B. any, some   C. any, any   D. some, any

 

(三)句型转换:

1. There is a woman near the house.(变复数) 2. There are some buses near the hill.(变单数)

3. There are some apples in the tree.(变一般问句)

4. There are some oranges in the glass.(变否定句)

5. Is there a baby in the room?(变复数)

6. There are many beautiful flowers in the garden. (就划线部分提问) ___ ___ in the garden?

7. There is a bookcase in my study. (变一般问句)

 _____ _____ _____ _____ in your study?

8. There is a soccer ball and a basketball on the floor. _____ ____ on the floor?

9. My new dress is in the wardrobe. _____ _______ your new dress?

10. There are some big trees behind my house. _____ _____ ______ big trees?

 

(四)there be have区别专练。

1. This desk _____ four legs.

2. ______ some books on the desk.

3. Everyone ______ a dictionary in my class.

4. _______ (没有) knives in the room.

5. I _____ a new sweater.

6. ______ some flowers and a desk in the room.

7. ______ nothing in the bag.

8. They ______ something to eat.

 

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