加载中…【朗阁英语】2017年7月15日雅思考试阅读考题回顾
(2017-07-18 13:18:29)
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朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations
雅思考试阅读考题回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心 祝丹霞
考试日期 2017 年 年 7 月 月 15
日
Reading Passage 1
Title The Pearl
Question types
段落信息配对题 4 题
Summary（带选项） 6 题
TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN 3 题
文章内容回顾
文章大意：
第一段：珍珠在古代是富贵的象征。
第二段：珍珠可以分为自然、人工培养和人模仿制造三种。
第三段：如何区分天然珍珠和养殖珍珠。
第四段：珍珠的来源，淡水或海水，各自的特征和形成过程。
第五段：天然珍珠的形成需要一定的时间，期间牡蛎可能会死于疾病
或其它一些原因，剩下的并不多。
第六段：人模仿制造珍珠的产业。
第七段：世界各地的珍珠情况，包括波斯湾，墨西哥湾，印度等。
The Pearl
A. Throughout history, pearls have held a unique presence
within the
wealthy and powerful. For instance, the pearl was the favored
gem of
the wealthy during the Roman Empire. This gift from the sea
had
been brought back from the orient by the Roman conquests.
Roman
women wore pearls to bed so they could be reminded of their
wealth
immediately upon waking up. Before jewelers learned to cut
gems,
the pearl was of greater value than the diamond. In the Orient
and
Persia Empire, pearls were ground into powders to cure
anything
from heart disease to epilepsy, with possible aphrodisiac uses
as
well. Pearls were once considered an exclusive privilege for
royalty.
A law in 1612 drawn up by the Duke of Saxony prohibited
the
wearing of pearls by nobility, professors, doctors or their
wives in an
effort to further distinguish royal appearance. American
Indians also
used freshwater pearls from the Mississippi River as
decorations and
jewelry.
B. There are essentially three types of pearls: natural,
cultured and
imitation. A natural pearl (often called an Oriental pearl)
forms when
an irritant, such as a piece of sand, works its way into a
particular
species of oyster, mussel, or clam. As a defense mechanism,
the
mollusk secretes a fluid to coat the irritant. Layer upon
layer of this
coating is deposited on the irritant until a lustrous pearl is
formed.
C. The only difference natural pearls and cultured pearls is
that the
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations
irritant is a surgically implanted bead or piece of shell
called Mother
of Pearl. Often, these shells are ground oyster shells that
are worth
significant amounts of money in their own right as
irritant-catalysts for
quality pearls. The resulting core is, much larger than in a
natural
pearl. Yet, as long as there are enough layers of nacre (the
secreted
fluid covering the irritant) to result in a beautiful,
gem-quality pearl,
the size of the nucleus is of no consequence to beauty or
durability.
D. Pearls can come from either salt or freshwater sources.
Typically,
saltwater pearls tend to be higher quality, although there are
several
types of freshwater pearls that are considered high in quality
as well.
Freshwater pearls tend to be very irregular in shape, with a
puffed
rice appearance the most prevalent. Nevertheless, it is
each
individual pearls merits that determines value more than the
source
of the pearl. Saltwater pearl oysters are usually cultivated
in
protected lagoons or volcanic atolls. However, most
freshwater
cultured pearls sold today come from China. Cultured pearls
are the
response of the shell to a tissue implant. A tiny piece of
mantle tissue
from a donor shell is transplanted into a recipient shell.
This graft will
form a pearl sac and the tissue will precipitate calcium
carbonate into
this pocket. There are a number of options for producing
cultured
pearls: use freshwater or seawater shells, transplant the
graft into the
mantle or into the gonad, add a spherical bead or do it
nonbeaded.
The majority of saltwater cultured pearls are grown with
beads.
E. Regardless of the method used to acquire a pearl, the
process
usually takes several years. Mussels must reach a mature age,
which
can take up t0 3 years, and then be implanted or naturally
receive an
irritant. Once the irritant is in place, it can take up to
another 3 years
for the pearl to reach its full size. Often, the irritant may
be rejected,
the pearl will be terrifically misshapen, or the oyster may
simply die
from disease or countless other complications. By the end of a
5 t0
10 year cycle, only 50% of the oysters will have survived. And
of the
pearls produced, only approximately 5% are of substantial
quality for
top jewelry makers. From the outset, a pearl fanner can figure
on
spending over $100 for every oyster that is farmed, of which
many
will produce nothing or die.
F. Imitation pearls are a different story altogether. In most
cases, a
glass bead is dipped into a solution made from fish scales.
This
coating is thin and may eventually wear off. One can usually
tell an
imitation by biting on it. Fake pearls glide across your
teeth, while the
layers of nacre on real pearls feel gritty. The Island of
Mallorca (in
Spain) is known for its imitation pearl industry. Quality
natural pearls
are very rare jewels. The actual value of a natural pearl is
determined
in the same way as it would be for other “precious” gems.
The
valuation factors include size, shape, color, quality of
surface, orient
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations
and luster. In general, cultured pearls are less valuable than
natural
pearls, whereas imitation pearls almost have no value. One way
that
jewelers can determine whether a pearl is cultured or natural
is to
have a gem lab perform an x-ray of the pearl. If the x-ray
reveals a
nucleus, the pearl is likely a beadnucleated saltwater pearl.
If no
nucleus is present, but irregular and small dark inner spots
indicating
a cavity are visible, combined with concentric rings of
organic
substance, the pearl is likely a cultured freshwater.
Cultured
freshwater pearls can often be confused for natural pearls
which
present as homogeneous pictures which continuously darken
toward
the surface of the pearl. Natural pearls will often show
larger cavities
where organic matter has dried out and decomposed.
Although
imitation pearls look the part, they do not have the same
weight or
smoothness as real pearls, and their luster will also dim
greatly.
Among cultured pearls, Akoya pearls from Japan are some of
the
most lustrous. A good quality necklace of 40 Akoya pearls
measuring
7mm in diameter sells for about $1,500, while a super- high
quality
strand sells for about $4,500. Size on the other hand, has to
do with
the age of the oyster that created the pearl (the more mature
oysters
produce larger pearls) and the location in which the pearl
was
cultured. The South Sea waters of Australia tend to produce
the
larger pearls; probably because the water along the coast line
is
supplied with rich nutrients from the ocean floor. Also, the
type of
mussel common to the area seems to possess a predilection
for
producing comparatively large pearls.
G. Historically, the world’s best pearls came from the Persian
Gulf,
especially around what is now Bahrain. The pearls of the
Persian
Gulf were natural created and collected by breath-hold divers.
The
secret to the special luster of Gulf pearls probably derived
from the
unique mixture of sweet and salt water around the
island.
Unfortunately, the natural pearl industry of the Persian Gulf
ended
abruptly in the early 1930’s with the discovery of large
deposits of oil.
Those who once dove for pearls sought prosperity in the
economic
boom ushered in by the oil industry. The water pollution
resulting
from spilled oil and indiscriminate over-fishing of oysters
essentially
ruined the once pristine pearl producing waters of the Gulf.
Today,
pearl diving is practiced only as a hobby. Still, Bahrain
remains one of
the foremost trading centers for high quality pearls. In fact,
cultured
pearls are banned from the Bahrain pearl market, in an effort
to
preserve the location’s heritage. Nowadays, the largest stock
of
natural pearls probably resides in India. Ironically, much of
India’s
stock of natural pearls came originally from Bahrain. Unlike
Bahrain,
which has essentially lost its pearl resource, traditional
pearl fishing is
still practiced on a small scale in India.
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations
题型技巧分析
对于 Summary 题型，一般把握三个关键信息：逻辑关系词，语法属性，
定位。首先，观察空格前后语义间是否有逻辑关系的连接词；其次，
预测空格处所填的语法属性；最后，根据顺序原则在空格前后找定位
关键词回原文定位。
剑桥雅思推荐原文
练习
剑 6 Test 4 Passage 2
Reading Passage 2
Title European Heat Wave
Question types
TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN 6 题
简答题 2 题
Summary 填空题 4 题
选择题 1 题
原文题目回顾
European Heat Wave
A. It was the summer, scientists now realize, when felt. We
knew that
summer 2003 was remarkable: global warming at last made
itself
unmistakably Britain experienced its record high temperature
and
continental Europe saw forest fires raging out of control,
great rivers
drying of a trickle and thousands of heat related deaths. But
just how
remarkable is only now becoming clean.
B. The three months of June, July and August were the
warmest
ever recorded in western and central Europe, with record
national
highs in Portugal, Germany and Switzerland as well as Britain.
And
they were the warmest by a very long way Over a great
rectangular
block of the earth stretching from west of Paris to northern
Italy,
taking in Switzerland and southern Germany, the average
temperature for the summer months was 3.78 ℃ above the
long-term norm, said the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of
the
University of East Anglia in Norwich, which is one of the
world’s
lending institutions for the monitoring and analysis of
temperature
records.
C. That excess might not seem a lot until you are aware of
the
context-but then you realise it is enormous. There is nothing
like this
in previous data, anywhere. It is considered so exceptional
that
Professor Phil Jones, the CRU’s director, is prepared to
say
openly-in a way few scientists have done before that the
2003
extreme may be directly attributed, not to natural climate
variability,
but to global warming caused by human actions.
D. Meteorologists have hitherto contented themselves with
the
formula that recent high temperatures are consistent
with
predictions” of climate change. For the great block of the
map-that
stretching between 35-50N and 0-20E-the CRU has reliable
temperature records dating back to 1781. Using as a baseline
the
average summer temperature recorded between 1961
andl990,
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations
departures from the temperature norm, or “anomalies’: over the
area
as a whole can easily be plotted. As the graph shows, such is
the
variability of our climate that over the past 200 years, there
have
been at least half a dozen anomalies, in terms of excess
temperature-the peaks on the graph denoting very hot
years
approaching, or even exceeding, 20 ℃ . But there has been
nothing
remotely like 2003，when the anomaly is nearly four
degrees.
E. “This is quite remarkable,” Professor Jones told The
Independent.
“It’s very unusual in a statistical sense. If this series had
a normal
statistical distribution, you wouldn’t get this number. There
turn
period “how often it could be expected to recur” would be
something
like one in a thou-sand years. If we look at an excess above
the
average of nearly four degrees, then perhaps nearly three
degrees
of that is natural variability, because we’ve seen that in
past
summers. But the final degree of it is likely to be due to
global
warming, caused by human actions.
F. The summer of 2003 has, in a sense, been one that
climate
scientists have long been expecting. Until now, the warming
has
been manifesting itself mainly in winters that have been less
cold
than in summers that have been much hotter. Last week, the
United
Nations predicted that winters were warming so quickly that
winter
sports would die out in Europe’s lower-level ski resorts. But
sooner
or later the unprecedented hot summer was bound to come, and
this
year it did.
G. One of the most dramatic features of the summer was the
hot
nights, especially in the first half of August. In Paris, the
temperature
never dropped below 230 ℃ (73.40 ℉ ) at all between 7 and
14
August, and the city recorded its warmest-ever night on
11-12
August, when the mercury did not drop below 25.50 ℃ (77.90 ℉
).
Germany recorded its warmest-ever night at Weinbiet in the
Rhine
valley with a lowest figure of 27.60℃ (80.60 ℉ ) on 13 August,
and
similar record-breaking nighttime temperatures were recorded
in
Switzerland and Italy.
H. The 15,000 excess deaths in France during August,
compared
with previous years, have been related to the high
night-time
temperatures. The number gradually increased during the
first
12days of the month, peaking at about 2,000 per day on the
night of
12-13 August, then fell off dramatically after 14 August when
the
minimum temperatures fell by about 50C. The elderly were
most
affected, with a 70 per cent increase in mortality rate in
those aged
75-94.
I. For Britain, the year as a whole is likely to be the
warmest ever
recorded, but despite the high temperature record on 10
August, the
summer itself defined as the June, July and August
period-still
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations
comes behind 1976 and 1995, when there were longer periods
of
intense heat. At the moment, the year is on course to be
the
third-hottest ever in the global temperature record，which goes
back
to 1856, behind 1998 and 2002 but when all the records for
October,
November and December are collated, it might move into
second
place, Professor Jones said. The 10 hottest years in the
record have
all now occurred since 1990. Professor Jones is in no doubt
about
the astonishing nature of European summer of 2003.”The
temperatures recorded were out of all proportion to the
previous
record,” he said. “It was the warmest summer in the past 500
years
and probably way beyond that It was enormously
exceptional.”
J. His colleagues at the University of East Anglia’s Tyndall
Centre for
Climate Change Research are now planning a special study of
it. “It
was a summer that has not: been experienced before, either in
terms
of the temperature extremes that were reached, or the range
and
diversity of the impacts of the extreme heat,” said the
centre’s
executive director, Professor Mike Hulme. “It will certainly
have left
its mark on a number of countries, as to how they think and
plan for
climate change in the future, much as the 2000 floods
have
revolutionised the way the Government is thinking about
flooding in
the UK. “The 2003 heat wave will have similar repercussions
across
Europe.”
Questions 14-19
Do the following statements agree with the information given
in
Reading Passage 2?
14. The average summer temperature in 2003 is approximately
four
degrees higher than that of the past. TRUE
15. Jones believes the temperature statistic is within the
normal
range. FALSE
16. Human factor is one of the reasons that caused hot
summer.
TRUE
17. In large city, people usually measure temperature twice a
day.
NOT GIVEN
18. Global warming has obvious effect of warmer winter instead
of
hotter summer before 2003. TRUE
19. New ski resorts are to be built on a high-altitude spot.
NOT
GIVEN
Questions 20-21
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 20-21 on your answer sheet.
20. What are the two hottest years in Britain besides
2003?
朗阁海外考试研究中心
Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations
1976 and 1995
21. What will affect UK government policies besides climate
change
according to Hulme?
2000 floods
Questions 22-25
Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN TWO
WORDS from the passage. Write your answers in boxes 22-25
On
your answer sheet.
In the summer of 2003, thousands of extra death occurred in
the
country of 22. France. Moreover, world-widely, the third
record of
hottest summer date from 23. 1856, after the year of 24. 1998
and
2002. According to Jones, all the 10 hottest years happened
from
25. 1990. However, summer of 2003 was at the peak of
previous
500 years, perhaps even more.
Question 26
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D
Write your answer in box 26 on your answer sheet
26. Which one can be best served as the title of this passage
in the
following options? 选：D
A. Global Warming effect
B. Global Warming in Europe
C. The Effects of hot temperature
D. Hottest summer in Europe
剑桥雅思推荐原文
练习
剑 8 Test 4 Passage 3
Reading Passage 3
Title 科学和实验
Question types
判断题 5 题
单选题 4 题
Summary（带选项） 5 题
文章内容回顾 当代新科学家与过去科学家相比的发展变化，以及他们对社会的贡献。
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