北师大版高中英语必修5 Unit14 lesson 3：

陈述句、疑问句的间接引语

一、概念

直接引语：直接引述别人的话。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，它构成宾语从句。

(1) John said, “I like reading novels.”

(2) John said that he liked reading novels.

 

二、“八变”与“时态三不变”

1. 标点符号的变化：引号去掉，结尾标点变句号。

Lily said to me, “ Do you like learning English?”

→ Lily asked me whether / if I liked  learning English.

 

2. 人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，三不变

一随主：引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。

She said, “I like tennis.”   → She said that she liked tennis.

二随宾：引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。

He said to Lily,“You must get up early”  →He told Lily that she must get up early.

三不变：引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变。

She said to me，“They want to help him” →She told me that they wanted to help him.

 

3. 转述动词的变化

陈述句：say / said变为 tell / told

Mother said to me, “ I don’t know.” → Mother told me that she didn’t know.

疑问句：say / said变为ask / asked

Father said to me, “ Do you come back today?” → Father asked me whether I went back that day.

 

4. 时态的变化：引号内动词按递减规律变为相应的过去时态。

She said to me, “I wrote a letter to my parents three days ago”.

→She told me that she had written a letter to her parents three days before.

 

5. 时间状语的变化

He said, “I spoke to them yesterday”.  → He said that he had spoken to them the day before.

 

6. 地点状语的变化

Come here, please, he said.

→ He asked me to come here. 他叫我到这里来。（引述人地点不变）

→ He asked me to go there. 他叫我到那里去。（引述人地点发生变化）

 

7. 指示代词的变化

“I grow these tomatoes myself”, he said. → He said that he grew those tomatoes himself.

 

8. 方向性动词的变化

He said to me,“I don’t want to come here.” → He told me that he didn’t want to go there.

He said to me ,“Can you bring me a coat?” → He asked me if / whether I could take him a coat.

 

时态三不变

1. 主句为现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态保持不变。

He thinks, “She will be back in a month”.

→ He thinks she will be back in a month.

 

2. 间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。

The teacher said to the students, “The earth moves round the sun”.

→ The teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun.

 

3. 间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语，仍用一般过去时。

The girl said, “I was born in 1978”. → The girl said that she was born in 1978.

 

三、句型

1. 陈述句

直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。

She said, “We are very fond of sports”.→ She said that they were very fond of sports.（that可省略）

 

2. 一般疑问句

一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder等。句末不用问号。

My teacher asked me, “Do you like American country music?”

→ My teacher asked me if / whether I liked American country music.

 

3．特殊疑问句

间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。

He asked, “How do you like it?” → He asked me how I liked it.