被动语态的特殊情况:主动表被动
(2013-05-29 22:30:13)
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语态 |
分类: 语法园地 |
北师大版高中英语选修8 Unit22:
被动语态的特殊情况:主动表被动
1. 有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词,当它们和well, badly, easily 等副词连用时,表示主语的特征时,用主动表示被动。常见的有: draw, sell, read, write,wash等。如: This kind of radio doesn't sell well.
注意:主动表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。如: The door won't lock.门锁不上。(指门本身有毛病) The door won't be locked.门不会被锁上。(指不会有人来锁门)
2. 有少数动词 (cook, do,
owe, print) 的进行时有时有被动意义。在这种用法中,句子的主语都应该是指物。The magazine is
printing.
3. 表示“开始”,“结束”类的动词。常见的有: begin, start, open, close, end, finish, stop等。如: School begins in September. 学校在九月开学。
4. 某些表示主语状态特征的连系动词:
look, smell, taste, sound, feel等。如: The apples taste
good.
5. 某些动名词的主动形式表被动
1) 在need,want,require,deserve等词后面接doing时,表示的是被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如: The house needs/wants/requires repairing (to be repaired).He deserved punishing. (to be punished)
2) 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动。如: The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
6. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表被动。常见动词blame 如: Who is to blame for starting the fire?
7. 某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义
1) 当nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible等形容词后跟不定式作状语,且和句子的主语(宾语)构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。如: The water is unfit to drink. This book is easy to read. She found the problem hard to deal with.
2) 当不定式作名词的后置定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。如: I have a lot of work to do today. He has three children to look after.
注意:如果不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,但不和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,不用不定式的主动形式表示被动。 如Boss, do you have some clothes to be washed?(衣服不是老板洗)。