it、that、those、one、the one、ones及the ones的用法辨析  

1.it的用法：

1)、指代上文提到的单数可数名词，指同一物，即原物（同类同物）。

例：The printer is made in Japan. It was bought last year.

2)、指时间、距离、天气、环境。

3)、代替前面出现的整个句子的内容，常作宾语。

4)、固定句型：appreciate it if；hate(like/dislike/love) it when；depend on(rely on/see to) it +that 等从句。

5)、固定搭配：get it 懂了，知道了，理解了；take it 买某物 make it 成功做某事 it doesn’t help 不起作用

6)、作形式主语或形式宾语。如：make/find it+(a) 名词/形容词to do/doing sth

7)、指代不明确的人。

8)、动物或婴儿（未知性别的婴儿和孩子）。

练习：

1). We should make ____a rule for us roommates to turn off the lights at 10:00 pm.

A. all    B. one     C. that     D. it

2). I hate ____when people talk with their mouths full.

A. them    B. one     C. that     D. it

3). How do you find ____to learn English?

A. that    B. this    C. /    D. it

4). In order to keep our class room clean, we make ____ everyone’s duty to clean the classroom in turn.

A. which    B. one     C. that     D. it

5). ---Who knocked at the door?

  ---I’ve no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn’t ask who ___was.

A. he    B. she    C. that     D. it

2. that的用法：

1)、特指，替代前面出现的同类名词，但不是同一个物体（同类异物）。相当于the+不可数名词/可名词单数。此时that后通常要用介词短语或分词做后置定语。可与the one 互换。

例：The climate in the south is different from that in the north.句意为“南方的气候和北方的气候不同”，that代指上文提到的the climate，但不是the climate in the south，而是the climate in the north，即“代指上文提到的同类事物，但非上文的事物----同类异物”。

The car made in China is cheaper than that made in US.

中国生产的这辆车比美国生产的那辆车便宜。

The cars made in China are cheaper than those made in US.

中国生产的汽车比美国生产的汽车便宜。

2)、代替前面出现的整个句子的内容，常作主语。

练习：

1). The language used in advertisements differs from ______used in ordinary readins.

  A. which    B. one     C. that     D. it

2). ----He was nearly drowned once.

  ----when was ____?

  ----_____was in 1998 ____ he was in middle school.

A. that; it; when   B. this; This; when     C. this; It; that    D. that; it; that

3). Few pleasure can equal _____of a cold drink on a hot day.

A. some    B. any     C. that     D. those

3. those的用法：特指，替代前面出现的同类名词，但不是同一个物体（同类异物）。相当于the+可数名词复数。此时those后通常要用介词短语或分词做后置定语。可与the ones互换。

练习：

1). The articles made of leather cost much more than ____made of plastic.

A. that    B. those     C. ones    D. it

2). Equipped with modern facilities, today’s hospitals are quite different from _____ of the past.

A. that     B. those     C. ones    D. them

4. one的用法：

1)、泛指，替代前面出现的名词单数，相当于a/an+单数名词；

2)、有时可指同位关系。多翻译成“一个….”对上文出现的名词进一步解释说明。

5.the one的用法：特指，替代前面出现的单数可数名词，相当于the +单数可数名词，相当于that , 后面常有定语修饰。

6. ones的用法：泛指，替代前面出现的复数名词。

7. the ones特指，替代前面出现的复数名词，相当于the +复数可数名词，相当于those , 后面常有定语修饰。

练习：

1). We have been looking for cheap houses but haven’t found ______ we like yet.

  A. other     B. one     C. that     D. it

2). Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____I will always treasure.

A. that    B. one     C. what     D. it

3). ----Why do not we take a little break?

  ----Did not we just have ______?

A. it    B. that     C. one   D. this

4). ---Are you satisfied with her answer?

  ---Not at all. It could not be _____

A. a worse one    B. a better one     C. the worse one    D. the better one

5). ---Did you find your pen just now?

   ---No, I did not find ____, but I have bought _____

A. one; it    B. it; one    C. it; that     D. it; it

6). The editor-in-chief asked me to write another article for them, ____about how to stay away from bird flu.

  A. the one    B. one    C. it     D. that

7). Is this problem _____the teacher explained last weak?

A. the one    B. one     C. which    D. that

8). Mr, Smith gave the tickets for tomorrow’s concert to all the workers except ____ who had already taken them.

A. the others   B. ones     C. some    D. the ones

9). October 1, 2009 is a special day, I think, _____ will be remembered by all the Chinese people forever.

A. which    B. that     C. one that     D. it

10). For Tim this was the beginning of a new life, ____he thought he would never see.

A. what    B. one that     C. that     D. it