强调句

 

强调句的结构是“It is / was +强调部分 + that / who-/whom从句”，it在句中作先行词，被强调的部分通常是主语、宾语和状语。

例：Ann Peters' husband rushed her to a nearby hospital last night.
　　　　　　　　主语 　　　　　　宾语 　　　　　状语
　　    昨晚，安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去附近医院。

 

强调主语
It was Ann Peters' husband that (who) rushed her to a nearby hospital last night.
昨晚，正是安妮.彼德的丈夫，立即送她去了附近医院。

强调宾语
It was her (she) that (who) Ann Peters' husband rushed to a nearby hospital last night.

昨晚安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送的是她，去附近医院。

 

强调状语
It was to a nearby hospital that Ann Peters' husband rushed her last night.

昨晚安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去的就是一家附近的医院。

 

强调状语
It was last night that Ann Peters' husband rushed her to a nearby hospital.

就是在昨晚，安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去附近医院。

 

 

注意：

一．在强调句中，被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，而不能用which引导,而且通常不能省略。强调状语（从句）是历年高考中最主要的考点。例如（MET95）：

It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. while    B. which    C. that    D. since
答案是C。不能选B，因为该句中被强调的部分是时间状语从句。

二．被强调的是非人称主语或宾语时，现代英语既可用that引导，也可用which引导。例如（NMET2000）：
It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one    B. that    C. what    D. it
答案是B，其中that也可换成which。又如：
It is the sun that / which gives us light and heat. 是太阳给了我们光和热。

三．被强调者为人时，引导词用who或that。例如（上海高考题95）：
Was ____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you    B. not you    C. you    D. that yourself
答案是A。句中的引导词that可换用who。有时强调句以倒装（疑问句）形式出现，此时可用“还原法”加以辨别。必须注意的是，当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。例如：
It was I who discovered the secret first. 是我最先发现这个秘密的。
四．对not…until时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is / was not until… that-从句，即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的。例如（MET92）：
It was not ____ she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that    B. until; that    C. until; when    D. when; then
答案是B。注意习惯上不用not till，而且从句不能用when引导。

五．强调句和修饰时间及地点的定语从句的区别。比较下面两例：
Was it in 1969 ____ the American astronaut succeeded ____ landing on the moon?
A. when; on   B. that; on   C. when; in   D. that; in      (上海高考题94)
It was December26, 1893 ____ Mao Zedong was born in the common village.
A. when    B. that    C. which     D. in which
答案分别是D和A。前一句是强调句，因为被强调的部分in 1969是that从句中一个完整的句子成分，改为非强调句后的句子是：The American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon in 1969。 而后一句的December 26, 1893不能成为从句的一个完整成分，所以不是强调句，而是定语从句，December 26, 1893是先行词。在强调句中，it是先行词；在第二句中，it作主语，指时间。
六．被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数，即is或was。例如：
It ____ Madame Curie and his husband Pierre who discovered radium.
A. is   B. was    C. are    D. were
答案是B。由于所叙述的是过去的事，不能用is。

 

 

 

◆典型迷惑题分析◆

1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

A. It was we being late        B. It was our being late

C. It was we were too late     D. It was because we were late

【迷惑】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。

【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：

   Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。

2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”

A. it that    B. he that

C. it when    D. he which

【迷惑】几个干扰项均可能误选。

【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：

   It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.

   比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：

(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?

A. since      B. as         C. that          D. he

答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。

(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?

A. what       B. which         C. that          D. if

答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。

3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.

A. It, careful        B. It, carefully

C. He, careful        D. He, carefully

【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。

【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B。请看下面几例，也属强调结构：

(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.

A. since      B. as         C. that          D. then

答案选C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。

(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.

A. before      B. who        C. that          D. when

答案选C，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的形式。

4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.”

A. where       B. which

C. that        D. when

【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。

【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。

其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。

5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.

A. which     B. as

C. what      D. that

【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：

(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.

A. which      B. since     C. that         D. what

答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。

(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one        B. that       C. what        D. it

答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。

6. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.

A. which, that     B. that, which

C. which, which    D. that, where

【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。

【分析】答案选A，第一空填 which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子：

(1) It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money.

A. who, where       B. that, how

C. who, that        D. that, which

此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison)。

(2) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died.

A. where, which     B. that, that

C. where, that      D. which, that

此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。

7. Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out?

A. when     B. that

C. which    D. in which

【迷惑】容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。

【分析】其实，此题应选A，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is [was]…that…，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为 Five o’clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock前加上介词at则可以，因为 at five o’clock 用作时间状语。此题选A可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗?”比较下面一题（答案选B，为强调句）：

Was it at five o’clock ______the fire broke out?

A. when     B. that

C. which    D. in which

8. “Was it under the tree _____ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.

A. that       B. where

C. which      D. while

【迷惑】此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型。

【分析】其实此题应选D。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗?”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下，假若选A，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然很荒唐。

9. It’s more than half a century _____ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.

A. when       B. that

C. since      D. while

【迷惑】容易误选B，认为这是强调句型。

【分析】假若选B，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined…became 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。其实，此题应选C，属于“It is＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型，句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been)，但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。

10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.

A. which       B. as

C. that        D. what

【迷惑】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。

【分析】其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。

 

 

一、如果强调句型指现在或未来情况用It is,指过去情况用It was。

二、被强调部分往往是句子的主语、宾语、时间状语和地点状语,但有时也可强调比较复杂的内容,如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、not until...、not only...but also...、...as well as...等结构。

三、被强调部分是人称代词时,原句用什么格,强调句也用什么格。

四、被强调部分如果是主格人称代词时,who/that后的动词应和该主格人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。

五、关于强调词的选用,强调人时可用who或that；如果不强调人一律用that。此时绝不能和定语从句混淆,被强调部分为时间状语、地点状语或者原因状语时不能误用when、where或why。

例1：It was him who/that I saw the day before yesterday.

析：该句原句为：I saw him the day before yesterday.该句指过去情况,所以强调句型应使用It was开头；被强调部分为原句宾语-宾格人称代词him,所以强调句型仍用him作被强调部分；被强调部分指人,所以用who或that。

例2：It was in the street that I met him yesterday.

析：该句原句为：I met him in the street yesterday.该句仍指过去情况,所以强调句型仍以It was开头,被强调部分虽为地点状语,但不能用where,只能用that。

例3：It was because he was seriously ill that he died.

析：该句原句为：He died because he was seriously ill.被强调部分为结构复杂的原因状语从句,但不能用why,只能用that。

六、强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is /Was it…who／that…?

例4：Was it during the Second World War that he died？

析：该句虽不以It was开头,而以Was it开头,是强调句型的一般疑问句形式。所以当被强调部分为时间状语时,应用that。

七、强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词+is /was it that…?(强调句型的特殊疑问句只能强调特殊疑问词)

例5：Where was it that you found your lost pen？

析：该句虽以Where开头,但后边的was it仍说明该句使用的是强调句型,被强调部分为特殊疑问词where,表地点,所以应使用that。

八、强调句型中的is /was前面可用must /may /might等表推测的情态动词。

例6：It might be in this room that he met her.

析：该句It was的was前面虽用might,但该句仍然是强调句。

九、被强调部分为时间状语和地点状语时,有可能先接定语从句,再接强调句型,应多加思考,不能混用。

例7：It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.

析：该句的中心不是说明1949年10月1日他入党,而是说1949年10月1日他被杀害,he joined the Party是定语从句,所以,首先是when引导的定语从句,然后是that强调句。

十、判断强调句型的使用是否正确的方法是将强调结构去掉,如果去掉强调结构后的句子仍然正确,强调句型就正确,否则就不正确。

例8：It was six years ago that he went to Tokyo.

析：该句强调句型使用正确,因为去掉强调结构后,该句仍然是一正确句子。即：Six years ago he went to Tokyo.

It is …that英语句型系列补充强化训练

 

 

练习题

1.--Where was＿＿＿＿＿＿you picked up the wallet﹖

--Just near the school gate.

A. it             B. it that             C. the place               D. the place that

2. I must find out why＿＿＿＿＿＿so many students made the same mistake.

A. is it that         B. was it which   C. it is what       D. it was that

3. How many years is it＿＿＿＿＿＿your sister came to work here﹖

A. after         B. since            C. before            D. until

4. Is it in the factory＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿you visited last week＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿this kind of car is made﹖

A.／that          B. wherewhen        C. wherethat          D.／when

5.＿＿＿＿It's a long time＿＿＿＿＿＿＿I saw you last.

--Yesand what a pity since it will be a long time＿＿＿＿＿＿we see each other again.

A. sincebefore        B. beforesince      C. untilafter   D. afteruntil

6. It was because of bad weather＿＿＿＿＿＿the football match had to be put off.

A. so            B. so that            C. why               D. that

7.It was his remarks＿＿＿＿＿left me wondering about his real purpose.

A. which            B. what              C. where             D. that

8. -- Was it in 1969＿＿＿＿＿＿the American astronaut succeeded＿＿＿＿＿＿landing on the moon﹖

--- Quite right.

A. whenon            B. thaton               C. whenin        D. thatin

9.It was not until 1920＿＿＿＿＿＿regular radio broadcasts began.NMET 95

A. while                     B. which           C. that         D. since

10.＿＿＿＿＿＿is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.NMET 95

A. There             B. This         C. That               D. It

11.＿＿＿＿＿was in 1979＿＿＿＿＿I graduated from the university.NMET 98上海

A. Thatthat     B. Itthat   C .Thatwhen              D. Itwhen

12. It was for this reason＿＿＿＿＿＿her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. NMT 2001春,上海

A. which            B. why               C. that          D. how

13. It is the protection for the trees＿＿＿＿really mattersrather than how many trees are planted.

A. what              B. that         C.／             D. which

14.-- Was that the new comer who walked by﹖＿＿＿＿＿.

A. It must be that      B. It must have been  C. He must be D. This must have been

15. Our classroom is very clean.Do you nowho＿＿cleanedit﹖

A. was it that     B. it was that       C. was it who   D.he was

16. Now thenchildren. It's high time you＿＿＿＿＿＿and dressed.

A. washed   B. should wash   C. were washed       D. are washed

17.＿＿＿＿＿the people have become the master of their own country＿＿＿＿＿＿＿science can really serve the people.

A. It is only then；that           B. It was that；when

C. It is only when；that         D. It was when；then

18. It was＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿I met Mr. Green in Shanghai.

A. ten years since              B. many years ago that

C. five years until              D. Two months when

key：BDBAA DDDCD BCBBB CCB

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

本文结合高考试题,对强调结构的易考点进行归纳,希望能帮助同学们攻克这一语法现象。

一、 考查强调结构的基本形式

强调结构的基本形式是"It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who...",可以用来强调主语、宾语、状语等,一般不能强调谓语动词。

[原题再现]

It is the ability to do the job ________ matters, not where you come from or what you are.

A. one B. that C. what D. it

答案: B

二、 考查一般疑问句的强调结构

一般疑问句的强调结构句型为:Is / Was it + 被强调部分 + that / who...?

[原题再现]

Was ________ that I saw last night at the concert?

A. it you B. not you C. you D. yourself

答案: A

三、考查特殊疑问句的强调结构

特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为:特殊疑问词( Who / What / When / Where / Why / How...)+is / was it that...?例如:

Why was it that Li Lei came late again?

这类强调结构置于从句中时应使用陈述语序:

The question is who it is that we can trust.

[原题再现]

I have always been honest and straight-forward, and it doesn't matter ________ I'm talking to.

A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom

答案: B

四、 考查对not...until...句式的强调

对not...until...句式的强调有固定的句型,即It is / was not until...that...。

[原题再现]

It was not ________ she took off her dark glasses ________ I realized she was a famous film star.

A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then

答案:B

五、 考查强调句型的反意疑问句及回答

强调句型的反意疑问句及回答应与It is / was... that...结构保持一致。

[原题再现]

- Wasn't it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?

- ________.

A. I didn't know he was B. Yes, it was C. No, he wasn't D. Yes, he did

答案:B

六、考查强调结构与其它相似结构的区别

强调结构与其它含有it 的结构非常相似,很容易混淆。区别的办法是去掉 It is / was... that ...结构后,句子依然成立的是强调结构。

[原题再现]

It was evening ________ we reached the little town of Winchester.

A. that B. until C. since D. before

答案: D

七、使用强调句型时要分清以下两种情况

1. 要分清是主语从句还是强调结构。

判断这种句型是主语从句还是强调结构, 方法是将 It is（was）... that 去掉, 去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话为强调结构, 反之则是主语从句。试比较:

It was yesterday that he met her in the street. （＝Yesterday he met her in the street. ）是昨天他在街上碰见了她。（强调结构）

It was said that he met her in the street yesterday. （＝That he met her in the street yesterday was said. ）据说他昨天在街上碰见了她。（主语从句）

It is clearly that she speaks. （＝She speaks clearly. ）她说话吐字清楚。（强调结构）

It is clear that she has heard of it. （＝ That she has heard of it is clear. ）显然她已听说了这件事。（主语从句）

2. 要分清是强调结构中的 that-（who-）分句还是用作关系代词的定语从句中的that-（who-）分句。

判断的方法还是将 It is（was）... that去掉, 去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话是强调结构中的 that-（who-）分句, 反之则是用作关系代词的定语从句中的 that-（who-）分句。如:

It is money that is most needed. （＝ Money is most needed. ）（强调结构中的 that）

It is the money that he returned me. （定语从句中的 that）

强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种结构：
　　

 

其他：

1．用助动词“do（does／did）＋动词原形”来表示强调：
　　He does know the place well．他的确很熟悉这个地方。
　　Do write to me when you get there．你到那儿后务必给我来信。
2．用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：
　　That's the very textbook we used last term．这正是我们上学期用过的教材。
　　You are the only person here who can speak Chinese．你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。
　　Not a single person has been in the shop this morni ng．今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。
　　How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？
3．用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有－l y的副词来进行强调：
　　Why ever did you do so？你究竟为什么要这么做？
　　He never said a word the whole day．一整天，他一句话也没说。
　　You've got to be very，very careful．你一定得非常、非常小心。
　　This is just what I wanted．这正是我所要的。
　　He was badly wounded．他伤得很严重。
　　I really don't know what to do next．我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。
4．用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）：
　　Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？
　　What on earth is it？它究竟是什么？
　　Do you know at all？你到底知不知道？
5．用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：
　　How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！
　　Oh，what a lie！啊，真是弥天大谎！
6．用重复来表示强调：
　　Why！why！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。
　　They walked for miles and miles．他们走了好多英里。
7．用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气：
　　On the table were some flowers．桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）
　　Many a time have I climbed that hill．我多次翻过那座山。
　　Only in this way，can we solve this problem．只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。
8．用强调句型：“It is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：
　　It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。
　　It's me that he blamed．他怪的是我。
9．用If来表示强调：
　　1）If从句＋I don't know who／what，etc．does／is／has，etc．；主语部分也可以用nobody does／is／has，etc．或everybody does／is／has，et c．来代替（这里的if从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）：
　　If he can't do it，I don't know who can．要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做）
　　If Jim is a coward，everybody is．要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼）
　　2）if从句＋it be主句（此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中）：
　　If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom．如果说谁了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。
　　If there is one thing he loves，it is money．如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。
10．用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：
    It's because of hard work—ten years of hard work．那是因为艰苦的工作--十年艰苦的工作！
    He began the work in late May．他在五月底开始的这项工作。（强调时间）

11. What … is / was …
   "What … is / was …"是名词从句结构，也是强调句的另一种构成形式。它常用来强调主语、宾语。如果所叙述的是现在或者将来发生的事情用"What is … that…"的句式；如果所叙述的是过去发生的事情用"What was … that…"的句式。例如：
    What he wishes most is to become a pilot.（强调宾语）
    他最希望的是成为一名飞行员。
    What interested me most in that movie was the beautiful scenery of Alps. （强调主语）

    那部电影使我最感兴趣的是阿尔裨斯山那美丽的风景。
    What I like is her speaking manner. （强调宾语）
    我喜欢的是她说话的风度。
    What encouraged us was the example he set for us. （强调主语）
    给予我们鼓励的是他为我们树立的榜样。