析“介词FOR +动名词”结构作目的状语
(2012-08-14 18:17:26)
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英语教学研究 |
析“介词FOR +动名词”结构作目的状语
—— 兼评中学英语教材中的一处注解错误
本文首发于河南大学《中学英语园地》1991年初中版第7~8期
首先,让我们考察下面一个中文句子的正误两种译文:
【误】We work hard for building a new China.
【正】We work hard to build a new China.
也许有人说,正句中的动词不定式短语表示“目的”,而误句中的介词for亦表示“目的”,它所引导的介词短语同样作目的状语,这有何不妥呢?
诚然,介词for可以表示“目的”,引导介词短语作目的状语。但是在一般情况下,介词for作此用法时,其宾语仅限于名词或代词。例如:
The ship sailed for the Far East.
He plays the piano only for pleasure.
Nathan Hale died for his country.
Tom has got everything ready for the exam.
然而,“介词for+动名词”结构却通常不作目的状语。下面几句都不合乎英语的表达习惯:
*He went to England for learning English.
*My friend came here all the way for seeing us.
*They have left the school for visiting the museum.
以上各句中的“介词for+动名词”结构均应改为由动词不定式作目的状语。
关于这一点,M. Swan在其所著的Practical English Usage一书中就着重作了阐述,并举出下句作为典型错句(见该书§243):
*We went to the pub for giving a drink.
但有两点必须注意:
1.
Man should work for a living.
Mr Wang spent his lifelong efforts for teaching.
They went out to sea for whale hunting.
2.
We use a hammer for knocking in nails.
This tool is used for tightening bolts.
I made good use of my radio for keeping up my English.
Is this cake for eating or just for looking at?
此外,“介词for+动名词”结构作定语或原因状语的情况,则不在本文讨论之列。例如:
A
washing machine is a machine for washing
clothes.
Excuse me for falling asleep while on
duty.
最后,让我们审视现行中学英语教材第三册第3课(AT THE LIBRARY)的一个问题。课文对话中,刘梅问了这么一句:
Must I bring the book for
that?
意思指的是,“办续借手续得把书带来吗?”教科书在该页上就本句加以注释如下:
“for that相当于for renewing the book”。
笔者认为,这个注释无疑是错误的。道理即在于,此处的“for+动名词”结构(for renewing the book)正是作目的状语用的,显然不符合英语表达习惯,应改为由动词不定式短语(in order)to renew the book作目的状语为妥。