为“look up a dictionary”用法甄别
(2012-08-14 11:47:59)
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英语教学研究教育 |
为“look up a dictionary”用法甄别
本文首发于北京师范大学《中小学外语教学》1993年第6期
中学英语教材中出现这样一个句子:
As he did not know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up the word “cough” (JB5, p.30)
课本单词表中look up的汉语注解是“(在词典、参考书中)查寻”。
国内有些著作着重指出,将汉语的“查字典”译成to look up a dictionary,这是中国学生的典型错误。正确的表达应为to look up(a word or other information)in a dictionary 或to consult a dictionary。言下之意,to look up ≠ to consult。其道理在于,look up这个短语动词,一般的英语辞书所提出的释义是to search for (a word or other information) in a book or dictionary,即“在书或词典里查找(单词或其它资料)”。据此,look up的宾语不该是book或dictionary之类的词。此说似乎言之成理。
然而,笔者觉得上述观点有失偏颇。值得引起注意的是,新近出版或再版的若干国内外英语辞书在原有解释的基础上,均明确地为look up增补了新的义项。略引有关内容如下:
1.
【释义】to consult (a reference work) in order to find out information about something 查阅文献以了解有关某事物的资料
【例句】If you wish to do some further reading on this subject, look up my book.
2.
【释义】to consult (a reference book) 查阅参考书
【例句】I looked up the encyclopedia and it doesn’t mention him; I looked it up twice.
3.
【释义】(Informal) to consult (非正式文体)查阅
【例句】Did you look up a dictionary for the meaning of that word?
4.
【释义】to consult (a reference book) 查阅参考书
【例句】I looked up the encyclopedia.
5.
【释义】consult (a reference work, ctc.) in order to find out information about something 查阅(参考书等)以了解有关某事的资料
【例句】If you wish to have further information about the matter, look up the book.
6.
I spend more time looking up the dictionary than reading the book.
7.
I went to London, looked up the Parliamentary records.
由此可以断言,look up a dictionary用法的正确性不容置疑。更确切地说,在现代英语的非正式文体中,look up可作to consult解。
以笔者之见,这种新用法客观地反映了现代英语简洁化的趋势。口语上,说look up a word in a dictionary(在词典中查找单词)毕竟拖泥带水,何如look up a dictionary(查找单词)来得干脆利索?联想到现代汉语口语亦有类似现象,什么“吃馆子”(理应为“到馆子里吃饭”)、 “闯江湖”(理应“在江湖上闯荡”)、“走钢丝”(理应“在钢丝上行走”)以及“洗冷水”(理应“用冷水洗澡”)等等,诸如此类原属“状谓结构”的词语,如今摇身一变,竟成为“动宾结构”了。究其缘由,类似的表达言简意赅,直截了当,自然颇得人心。于是,众口铄金,约定而俗成。