加载中…非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题 3 动名词的复合结构
(2011-10-07 20:48:34)
标签：
教育非谓语动词不定式讲解专项练习动名词非谓语动词原创霍老师 |
分类： 英语语法 |
二、动名词的复合结构
霍老师 亲自整理
（一）动名词复合结构基本功能：
一般情况下，动名词的逻主与句子主语一致，否则需添加逻辑主语构成动名词复合结构。作主或（介）宾。
【形物代（或人称代宾格）或名词所有格（或名词普通格）】+ (not+) 动名词。比较：
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He insisted on reading the letter again. 他坚持要把这封信再读一遍。
（二）动名词逻辑主语用格的选择：
一般来说，动名词逻主是有生命名词时用形物代或名词所有格；是无生命名词时用人称代宾格或名词普通格；动名词作介宾时，两种均可用【名词所有格或形物代（正式）；人称代宾格或名词普通格（口语化）】。
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形物代 或 名词 所有格
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逻主是 有生命的名词时 |
Many people's being absent made the chairman upset. 使伤脑筋 His coming made us very happy. |
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动名词是being时 |
Excuse my being late．原谅我来晚了。 |
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动名词作真正主时 |
It's a waste of time your talking to him. |
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少数谓vt.如deny, delay, postpone, defer后作宾的动名词逻主（包括无生命名词） |
The dense fog delayed the plane's taking off. 大雾耽误了飞机起飞。 He denied their having ever been there. 他矢口否认他们曾到过那儿。 But you kept postponing your coming. 可你一直在推迟你的来访。 The boss deferred Mr. Jackson's going home until next month. 老板将杰克逊探家的事推迟到下个月。 |
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某些谓动如advise, allow, forbid, permit 用不定式作补可换成该结构作宾时 |
I advised his starting at once. (=him to start at once)劝他立即出发。 We shouldn't allow their parking in the street. (=them to park….) The heavy rain forbade our going out. (= us to go out)大雨使没法出去。 The policeman didn’t permit his parking there. (= him to park there) |
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人称代 宾格 或 名词 普通格
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逻主是 无生命的名词时 |
The noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street．在街上都能听到打开和关上书桌的声音。 |
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逻主是以-s结尾的 复数名词时 |
It's a catastrophe the bosses shutting all those factories. 老板们关闭了所有那些工厂是一场大灾难。 |
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逻主是较长名词词组或两个以上的人名时 |
I've never heard of a person of humor reading such a boring book. Do you remember Jim and his uncle coming to see us last month? |
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逻主是 it、不定代 或指示代时 |
I'm surprised at it being so late. 真没想到，时间都这么晚了！ I was astonished by someone knocking at the door.听到有人敲门，我… She’s looking forward to that being said at the meeting.事情在会上说说 |
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在口语中（用人称代主、宾格） |
You falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip.掉河里是高潮。 Him recognizing his faults is a good thing. 他认错了，这是好事嘛。 |
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两者 均可用 |
动名词作介宾时 |
That’s the sound of him/his locking the door. 那是他锁门的声音。 There are many reasons for animals/animals' dying out. 灭绝原因很多。 |
（三）注意区分动名词复合结构与现分
名词+现分的三种情况：作定、补或构成现分独立主格作状。这三种形式与动名词复合结构形似。区别如下：
1. 动名词复合结构作主与现分作定的区别：虽同形“名词+V-ing”但中心词不同。
Many people('s) being absent made the chairman upset.（动名复合结构作主_中心词是动名词）
The woman talking to my mother won the first prize in the contest. （现分作定_中心词是名词）
2. 动名词复合结构作主与现分独立主格作状的区别：逻主的格不同。
Many people's being absent made the chairman upset.（动名复合结构作主_逻主多用形物代或名词所有格）
Many people being absent, the chairman felt quite upset.（现分独立主格_逻主多用名词普通格_用逗号隔开）
3. 动名词复合结构作宾与现分作补的区别：虽同形“宾格+V-ing”但谓动不同。
I must insist on (his/) himpaying. 我一定坚持让他付钱。（接动名词做宾的谓动，如suggest, insist on, advise, prevent, forget, remember, like, hate, excuse等。）
I was wandering down the street when I caught him stealing. （接复合宾的谓动，如see，hear，notice，watch，listen to，keep，find，get，have，feel，leave等。）
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