柳暗花明又一村

          4月8日，市教研室邵淑红主任带领市、区两级教研员来我校进行教学视导。作为高中英语学科的领军人，邵主任亲临教室听课指导，而我有幸被邵主任听课，课后她对这节课做出了细致入微的评价，我受益匪浅，有一种“柳暗花明又一村”的感觉。

    我的这节课主要是针对高三二轮复习，以词汇、句子和阅读理解专题解题技巧为主。第一环节，单词检测。进入二轮复习后，针对单词，我们主要是挑选出学生感到陌生的、以及常考、易错的词汇，以“汉译英、英译汉、词组”的形式展示给学生。一方面加强学生写作词汇的积累与巩固，为学生写作打好坚实的基础；另一方面为学生的阅读增加词汇量，尽量帮助他们扫除阅读中的词汇障碍。本环节课堂用时大约10分钟。

    针对本环节，邵主任给出的评价是：词汇重难点突出，单词检测效果好，有针对性的点拨到位。给出的建议是：多给学生机会进行词汇的语境化训练，激发学生的创造思维和发散思维，把个体的词汇融入到具体的语境中去，使孤立、枯燥的单词“活”起来。

    第二环节，句子训练。2014年山东高考改革后，我们学生的优势题目听力取消后，要想继续保持学科领先地位，必须在二卷上苦下功夫。通过一模考试，我们明显感觉到学生在二卷尤其写作上还有一定差距。针对这一现状，进入二轮复习后，我们把写句子列为重中之重，狠抓不懈。每天让学生翻译3到5个句子，以“汉译英”的形式呈现，句子内容多贴近学生生活，与平时学作密切相关。上课前，让几个学生把他们写好的句子板书到黑板上，课堂上同学们一起找错纠错。我给予及时的补充，并再次给学生强调 “大错”、“小错”的界定，以及鼓励学生在平时写作中“杜绝大错，减少小错”。最后，给学生展示最佳翻译，并指出每个句子的“亮点”。

    本环节邵主任的评价是：教师从书写、翻译、遣词等多维度给出学生指导，有利于学生查找问题并改进。同时，她还提出了独到的见地：把黑板板书改为投影仪展示，这样会呈现的更直观、检查的面更广、更省时！

    这节课的重点是传授给学生阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题思路和解题技巧。通过本组吕新华老师的潜心钻研、认真备课、精心设计初步形成了“How to find the main idea”的思路，我们再根据各班情况以及各位老师不同的理解做了删减和补充。这一环节主要是帮助学生掌握阅读中的主旨大意题的解题方法，同时进一步传授给他们阅读表达中主旨大意题的总结策略，可谓“一举两得”。呈现的形式主要是讲练结合，其中一段吕老师录制的微视频效果不错，学生很感兴趣。

    邵主任评语：步步为营，环节紧凑，容量大，涉及面广，微视频新颖独特！建议：微视频呈现的内容再简化些，老师语速再慢些，微视频内容提前给学生以学案形式填空效果会更好。讲授过程中缺少学生之间的合作探究。

    总之，邵主任对我的这节课给与了极为深入细致地点评， 在肯定的同时，又寄予了我们更多的希望。她强调：进入二轮复习，老师要追求学生做对，要把注重“教”转变为注重“学”。复习时老师要突出常考点，弄清学生易错点，把握学生失分点，力求学生答题准确、规范、全面。二轮复习，我们要做到：以限时阅读提高阅读能力，同时辅以答题技巧指导；以词汇复习和句子翻译带书面表达，同时辅以得分技巧指导。邵主任的谆谆教导，让我们有一种“柳暗花明又一村”的豁然开朗！

（友情提示：以下附本节课教案。阅读理解专题部分主要是吕新华老师的思路，我们根据各班情况做了部分修改。）

单词检测 P351-P360

汉译英

1.      认出，承认 v. recognize

2.      回收利用v. recycle

3.      改革；改过自新v. 改革n. reform

4.      规则；控制，管理 n. regulation

5.      关系 n. relationship

6.      有道理的；通情达理的；（价钱）公道的adj. reasonable

7.      回忆；召回；v. recall

8.      重新获得；恢复；弥补；痊愈 v. recover

9.      提及；参考n. reference

10.  消遣 n. recreation

11.  使消除疲劳，更新v.refresh

12.  地区；范围n. region

13.  释放；首映；发行； n.  放走；发布v. release

14.  可信赖的adj. reliable 

英译汉

1.      recipe n. 处方；秘诀；食谱

2.      refrigerator n. 冰箱

3.      raw adj. 未加工过的；生的

4.      receipt n. 收据；收到

5.      reception n. 接待；招待会

6.      referee n. 裁判员

7.      reflection n. 映像；反射；思考

8.      register n. 登记簿 v. 登记；挂号邮寄

9.      relevant  adj. 有关的

10.  random  adj. 任意的，随机的

11.  rectangle  n. 矩形

12.  recitation  n. 背诵

词组

1.      在范围内in/within range (of)

2.      打破纪录break/ beat/ cut the/ a record

3.      Not really! 【表示吃惊】不是！

4.      考虑；反思reflect on/ upon

5.      无论如何at any rate

6.      而不是rather than

7.      对…有反应react to

8.      建议某人做某事recommend sb. to do sth.= recommend that … (should)do sth.

9. 不管 regardless of

10. 让某人遗憾的是 to sb’s regret

11. 与...有关 (be) related to

12. 令某人宽慰的是 to sb’s relief

句子精选

1.        老师的一席话深深的感动了我，我决心更加努力的学习英语。

Moved by my teacher’s words, I’ve made up my mind to study English harder.

2.        有许多方法能解决这个问题， 但是我们还是不能断定哪一种是最合适的。

There are a lot of ways that can be used to deal with the matter; however, it remains to be seen which is the most ideal.

3.        他似乎是个难以接近的人，但是当别人遇到困难的时候，他总是乐意帮助。

He seems difficult to get close to; however, when others are in trouble, he is always ready / willing to help.

How to Find the Main Idea

 

Teaching procedures:

★Pre-activity

Ø                Step 1 Leading-in

1.      What questions will be asked about the main idea ?

A.  What is the main subject of this article?

B.   The best title for this passage is…

C.  What is the author’s attitude towards the passage?

D.  This passage mainly shows …

E.   What can you conclude from the passage?

F.  We may infer from the passage that…

G.  What does the passage imply?

H.  Which of the following statements/sentences best expresses the main idea of the passage?

I. What is the writer’s purpose of writing the article?

目的：通过设置问题，让学生根据平时做题时的总结，选出高考考查段落大意题的问题形式。以问题的形式导入，让学生明白什么样的问题形式才是段落大意题。

★Reading and Practice

Ø               Step 2 How to pick out the topic sentence?

  Task 1. Finish reading the following passages and find the topic sentence.

Passage 1  

Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband．The device, worn by drivers or pilots, gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the drivers response.

Topic sentence: Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband．.

                                  Passage 2

Although the buildings are tall, none of them cover up the sky. People rush about as in New York, but someone always stops to answer a question about directions. A person will listen when he or she is asked a question, often a sudden smile will appear on the faces of the strangers hurrying down State street. It is a smile of welcome and of happiness at the same time. And the traffic: it is noisy, active; but a person never feels in danger just crossing the street. Of course, there is always the presence of the lake----- the beautiful lake that shines like an ocean of silver. Some thing about that lake each time it spreads out around a turn on lakeshore Drive says, “Hello, it’s good to see you again. ” Chicago is a fine, friendly city.

Topic sentence: Chicago is a fine, friendly city.

 

 Passage 3

When we say that Cambridge is a university town we do not mean just that it is a town with a university in it. Some other cities also have universities in them, but we do not call them university towns. A university town is one where there is no clear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city. The university is just one part of the town; it is all over the town. The heart of Cambridge has its shops, pubs, market place and so on, but most of it is university ------- colleges, faculties, libraries, clubs and other places for university staff and students. Students fill the shops, cafes, banks and churches, making these as well part of the university.

Main idea: A university town is one where there is no clear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city.

                                  Passage 4

Waves are beautiful to look at, but they can destroy ships at sea, and wash away fields, houses and buildings near the shore. What causes waves? Most waves are caused by winds blowing over the surface of the water. The sun heats the earth, causing the air to rise and the winds to blow, The winds blow across the sea, pushing little waves into bigger and bigger ones.

The size of a wave depends on how strong the wind is, how long it blows and how large the body of water is. That means: the stronger the wind is, the bigger the waves are; the larger the waves are. In a small bay big waves will never build up. But at sea the wind can build up giant, powerful waves.

  A rule says that the height of a wave (in meters) will usually be no more than one-tenth of wind’s speed (in kilometers). In other words, when the wind is blowing at 120 kilometers per hour, most waves will be about twelve meters. Of course, some waves may combine to form giant waves that are much higher. In 1933, the United States Navy reporter the largest measured wave in history, which rose in the Pacific ocean to a height of 34 meters.

Main idea:  The causes of waves and its size and height.

Task 2. Summary

Where can you find the topic sentence?

----- At the beginning of the passage

------At the end of the passage

------In the middle of the passage

------Find the topic sentence of each paragraph then summarize them.

目的：通过四篇小文章，让学生体会主题句在文章中常出现的位置以及如何通过主题句来概括文章的大意。

Ø               Step 3 Explanation of the writing styles of the passage

 通过微课视频，让学生简单快速地了解一下高考常出现的三种文章体裁（说明文、记叙文和议论文）的结构，培养学生在阅读时分析和关注文章体裁的意识，并快速准确地找出文章的主题句，概括出文章的主旨大意。

Ø  Step 4 Groupwork

Task 1. Discuss in the group and find what kind of the writing style the passage 1-passage 4 belong to.

Task 2. Discuss the structure of the passage 1-passsage 4.

Task 3. What will help us get the main idea when we deal with argumentation(议论文) or exposition(说明文)?

Summary:

● Noting the structure of the article

● General idea→detail (supporting sentences/examples, etc) →summary（Passage1）

● Detail (supporting sentences/examples, etc) → summary ( Passage 2)

● Introductory remarks → general idea→ detail（Passage 3）

Task 4. How can we get the main idea if we deal with the narration?(记叙文)?

Passage 5

In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and so, to kill his time, he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and, in time, changed its name from “Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Coss”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的) success.

In 1939, Butts happened to meet a man called Jim Brunot who showed an interest in the new game. The two men worked together on developing the game and in 1948 it was offered for sale in United States under its new name --- “Scrabble”. In 1952 the manager of Macy’s department store in New York, Jack Strauss, happened to play ‘Scrabble’ while he was on holiday. He thought it was a wonderful game and, when he went back to work after his holiday, he insisted that Macy’s should stock the game and make an effort to call the public’s attention to it. As a result, ‘Scrabble” became a big success in the United States and it soon spread to Australia and then to other English-speaking countries.

Q: The text is mainly about ____________________.

A. “Lexico”   B. three men  C. a word game    D. Alfred Butt

Task 5. Summarize:

What steps shall we follow to work out the main idea of an article?

Steps：Skim----type----structure/clue---topic sentence/summarize

Ø  Step 5 Other related problems

   Passage 6

Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He tr-ansferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later,  Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation     lawyer in Miami, Florida. 

Q: What is the main idea of the passage? 

A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.              B. Bingham is a diligent student. 

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.   D. A good lawyer needs good education. 

Passage7

Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English ruler tried to conquer (征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English, Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two "Irelands". Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.

Q:What does the author tell us in the paragraph ?

A. How the Irish fought against the English.     B. How Ireland gained independence

C. How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.   D. How two "Irelands" came into being          

★Post-activity

Ø  Step 6 Summary

Steps to get the main idea：

Skim     type of the material     structure/clue     topic sentence/summarize

Other problems should be focused on:

-----Avoid the answers of being too small or too big.

------Avoid the hasty(草率的） choice but make  comparison between the key words, and turn to the best summarized answer

Ø  Step 7 Homework:

英语周报，阅读理解专练（四）