助动词和情态动词必须和主要动词连用，或起替代作用（作简要回答），或构成否定或疑问，或表时态、语态和语气等。只有Be和Have后动词须变成分词，其余的诸如do,can,may,must, shall, will及它们的过去式后面必须加动词原形。Dare和need做情态动词时，也是如此。

助动词be/ have/ do

一、Be doing/done（现在或过去分词）

Be的一般时包括：am/is/are/  was/were  will be

否定式am/is/are not;  was/were not;  will not be

Be的完成时包括have/has been; had been; will have been

否定式haven’t/hasn’t been; hadn’t been, won’t have been    

Be的不定式和动名词包括to be / being

其否定式为not to be/ not being

 

Be 后面动词为doing（进行时）或done（被动态）

请划出下列名中的be:

I am (not) decorating the house.

The baby’s arrival is (not) breathing new vitality into her life.

You are (not) kidding, are you?

He is being very generous today.  Why is he being different from his usual self?

They have (not) been torturing their captives/ prisoners/ hostages.

They were (not) exploring the ancient ruins when the quake hit.

I will be graduating from the university next year.

They had been preparing for the exhibition for years, and were reluctant to give up.

The room was being cleaned when they arrived.

The car has been serviced, you can drive it now.

The guests will be being shown around the company this time tomorrow.

 

I happened to be lingering around when I heard her screaming for help.

He prentended not to be worrying about anything.

You seemed to have been working for the charity

He resented having been rejected so disgracefully.

I remember (not having been) copperating with her for even once.

 

Having been preparing for the mega-project for so long, none of us is willing to give up trying.

He disguised in order not to be recognized.

 

二、Have done(过去分词)

(have/has,  had,  will have)

（haven’t/hasn’t, hadn’t; won’t have）, 

(to have,  having)

(not to have, not having)

Have后面加done（过去分词）

He is alleged to have attacked a policeman.

How many years has he served his sentence for having cheated on his income tax?

 

三、Do do(原型)

(do/does, did)

(don’t/doesn’t; didn’t)

Do后面加do(动词原型)

He does speak English well and does have passed the test. (=Indeed, he has passed.)

He said, “I do speak English and do have passed the test.”

He said he did speak Englsih and did have passed.(=He said he spoke English and had passed the test, indeed.)

Did you catch what he had said?

 

情态动词

一、自身可实现否定和疑问，后接动词原形：

can may must shall will could might should would以上均可加not加动词原形。

半情态动词（只用于否定和疑问）：needn’t / dare not

二、特殊情态动词：

（只用于现在及将来）ought (not) to

（只用于过去）used (not) to=did not use to

(只用于陈述句)　had better (not)

三、具有情态动词的含义，但形态如普通实义动词(+to+动词原型)：

be allowed to do; be able to do, manage to do, fail to do; have to do; need to do; dare to do, be likely to do

 

How many students is he teaching this term?

How many pieces of luggage/cases are you taking?

How fast was he driving when he was caught by the police?

How many subjects are you learning next year?

 

How long have you been reading the book?

How many pages have you read?

How long have you been learning English?

How many new words have you learned?

When did you get to know her?

How long have you known her?

When did he leave Beijing for New York?

How long has he been away from Beijing?

When did you borrow the magazine?

How long can he keep the book?

He has lost his job.

When was he fired?

How long has he been out of job?

Before he was sacked, how long had he been working there?

 

To reach the peak, how much equipment do you need?

How long does it take for Venus to orbit the sun?

How often does he go abroad?

How many times a week does he go swimming

How many times did he go abroad last year?

How many events were there in the first Olympic Games?

What was the most discovery of Newton?

 

He will apologize, I guess. (I think he will)

He would/might/could/should have compensated for your loss if you had not been rude to him.

(He has not paid because you were rude to him.)

He needn’t apologize. (He has not said sorry.)

He needn’t have compensated. (He did have paid.)

Need/Should he regret for not applying for the job?

No. He would not have been offered the job any way.

I dared not tell him the truth.

 

You ought (not) to have asked him to do that.

There used to be a stadium next to our school.

Did you used to stay up late?

You had better (not) pretend to be sleeping.

 

He is allowed to enter the cinema without paying the admission fee.

She was able to win her children’s respect finally.

He managed to stay out of the dispute without getting involved.

You need to avoid risking getting trapped in the rush hours’ traffic peak.

He does not dare to offend his boss, because he is likely to lose his job if he does so.

 

他这学期教多少学生？

（在机场）你这次一共带几件行李？

警察抓到他时他开得多快？

明年你将学几门课？

 

这本书你读了多久了？

这本书你读了多少页了？

你学英语多长时间了？

你一共学了多少单字？

你什么时候认识她的？

你认识他多少时间了？

他什么时候离开北京去纽约的？

他离开北京多久了？

他什么时候借的这本杂志？

他可以借这本杂志多长时间？

他失业了。

他什么时候失业的？

他失业多久了？

失业以前，那份工作他干了多久了？

 

为了爬到山顶，你需要多少设备？

金星绕太阳一周要多长时间？

他每周游几次泳？

他多经常出国？

他去年多经常出国（出了几次国）？

第一届奥运会共几个项目？

牛顿发现的最重要的项目是什么？

 

我猜他会道歉的。

如果你不是那么粗鲁，他会/可能已经/应该已经 赔偿你的损失。

他不必道歉。

他本不必赔偿的。

他有必要/应该为没申请这个工作而后悔吗？

没必要，反正他都不会得到那个工作的。

我不敢告诉他真相。

你本（不）该叫他做那件事的。

我们学校边过去是有一个体育馆的。

你过去常晚睡吗？

你最好（别）装睡。

他获许免票进入电影院。

她最终获得孩子们的尊敬

他设法置身事外，没被卷入纠纷。

你须避免冒陷在高峰时段的交通拥堵里的危险。

他不敢抵触老板，因为他可能会因此掉饭碗。