下面的对话中你能找出几种时态？每种时态的应用你知道是什么含义吗？

Suppose you are an exchange student in England. You are living there for three months, the following is the dialogue between you and your English teacher. Study the tenses.

_Where are you living?

_I am living with an English family in London.

_Where do you live in China?

_I live in Beijing.

_What are you learning at school in Beijing?

_I am learning maths, English and many others.

_Have you passed KET (by now)?

_Yes, I have passed it.

_When did you pass it?

_I passed the test 4 years ago, when I was studying in Grade 4, primary school.

_How long have you been learning English?

_I have been learning English for 8 years, since the beginning of primary school, when I was six. I could have started earlier, if I had not been that naughty.  Some of my friends started learning English when they were being babysat.

_Where did you study at primary school?

_I studied at Beijing Primary School. I studied there for 4 years. Before that, I (had) studied at Shanghai Primary School.

_Are you planning to take any further English test?

_Yes. I am going to take FCE in 2 years. I think I will pass it. By the time I graduate from middle school, I will have been learning learning English for 12 years, and will have earned my first certificate in English. Then, when I am learning at a UK university, I will be more confident of myself and I won't be worrying about my language.

Key:

_Where are you living?

_I am living with an English family in London.(目前暂时正在居住)

_Where do you live in China?

_I live in Beijing. （长期居住，即使此刻暂时并非如此）

_What are you learning at school in Beijing?

_I am learning maths, English and many others.（当前的一段时间正在学习，即使此刻并非在学）

_Have you passed KET (by now)?

_Yes, I have passed it. （虽然是过去某个不具体的时间通过的，但强调的是现在已经通过。）

_When did you pass it?

_I passed the test 4 years ago（过去某个具体的时间或地点通过考试的）, when I was studying in Grade 4, primary school（过去某个时间点上正在进行的动作）

_How long have you been learning English?

_I have been learning English for 8 years,（到现在为止持续进行一段时间的） since the beginning of primary school, when I was six. I could have started （当时本来可以早点开始的，对过去事件的虚拟性推测）earlier, if I had not been that naughty（不用were not或是have not been, 而是再退一步用“过去的过去”过去完成时，表示对过去事件的虚假假设.  Some of my friends started learning English when they were being babysat.

_Where did you study at primary school?

_I studied at Beijing Primary School. I studied there for 4 years.（类似一般现在时，指过去长期进行的。） Before that, I (had) studied at Shanghai Primary School.（“过去的过去-在开始上北京小学之前”，用过去完成时表示在上海小学。）

_Are you planning to take any further English test?（用现在进行时表个人将来的打算）

_Yes. I am going to take （=am taking）the FCE test in 2 years. I think I will pass it. (Will表示对将来动作的推测，will doing表示将来会正在进行的，will have done表示到将来某个时候已经完成的，will have been doing表示到将来某个时候将已经持续进行一段时间的) By the time I graduate from middle school, I will have been learning learning English for 12 years, and will have earned my first certificate in English. Then, when I am learning at a UK university, I will be more confident of myself and I won't be worrying about my language. （在表示条件if或将来时间when/as/as soon as等从句中，用相应的现在时代替将来时。）

*注意各种时态的否定和疑问句，你会变型吗？