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美国诗人埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊诗歌37首译(一)

(2014-09-06 22:41:11)
分类: 英文诗翻译

  按:美国诗人埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊(Edwin Arlington Robinson,1869-1953),曾经长期与罗伯特·弗罗斯特齐名,这并无他们都是新英格兰老乡的原因,倒是与他俩是同时期(前者大5岁)诗人有一点关系。作为19世纪向20世纪过渡性人物,他们都活跃在美国内战与第一次世界大战之间的美国诗坛相对冷淡时期。他们俩笼统的共同特点为:一都在恪守传统中创新,二都诗风幽冷,三都开始结合口语,但在恪守传统诗歌形式,而赋予新的内容、节奏和表达方式的具体上,却很不同,弗氏语言朴素而清新,罗氏虽亦少浪漫与新古典主义的矫柔造作,但时常定语过密句子过长,且常奇崛而至晦涩;弗氏许多诗如原野风光牧歌,罗氏绝大部分诗如室内乐;弗氏从诗整体上寓意或隐喻,罗氏常句间求深峻;弗氏是一幅油画,罗氏是一方木雕;弗氏是邮票,罗氏是书签。(不知这样对比是否准确)。  

  古人云:天以百凶成就一诗人,相比弗罗斯特早年挫折,以及后来曾数次想自杀,罗宾逊的人生更为不幸,尤其是早中期的遭遇,可谓悲惨。罗宾逊1869年出生在一个富裕家庭,从小就因耳疾备受痛苦,父亲的破产和死去,使他兄弟三人和母亲陷入困境,后母亲患白喉死去,殡仪馆怕传染而拒绝提供服务,他们兄弟三人抬着母亲自己去安葬(英国人皮特写的《美国诗人50家》里没有提到这一细节,而实际这对一个少年的心理刺激很重要)。21岁时他爱上了一位姑娘,但遭到拒绝,这位姑娘嫁给了他一个哥哥,这个哥哥死了后,他再次向这个女人求爱,仍遭到拒绝(这是《美国诗人50家》里的说法,别处有的说是他担心婚姻和家庭会影响他作为一个诗人的工作而把这姑娘介绍给了哥哥)。后来他的两个哥哥都死了,其中一个是自杀,他自己潦倒,多病,一事无成。所以他形容自己“生来就是一场悲剧”,形容他的早年和中年像“活地狱”。直到他47岁时的1916年出版诗集《天边人影》,才使他作为一个杰出诗人站起来了,后来他三次获普利策诗歌奖,不久他恢复嗜酒,最后也死于酒。

  作为曾齐名的两个诗人,如今的知名度却云泥之差,无论在美或中国。弗罗斯特在美国有关诗歌网站的诗人点击率排名,一般都稳居前三甲,很受时人喜爱,而罗宾逊很少进前200名。在中国,弗罗斯特的诗歌翻译印刷品和网上贴出的满天飞,而罗宾逊的诗歌翻译之作搜索不到一个字。个中原因分析是理论家们的事,但我想其中原因之一在美国可能是:弗氏诗多借或结合营造景色以抒情发意,这不是英文诗的传统,是率同时而稍后的庞德等借鉴中国古诗的基本方式(虽然整体差别很多),弗氏为诗所谓大器晚成,所以应该受到过庞氏等意象派的影响。这对于美国人来说既有持久的新鲜感(中国古诗翻译后总是隔着几层,又韵味尽失),又有革旧标志性的魅力,(实际可能也是为诗的最佳径)。在中国则原因为二:一是弗氏诗的风格更接近中国传统古诗审美基本方式,所以受欢迎;二是因为美国人重视和欢迎弗氏,所以就重视和欢迎他。

  鉴于上述情况,锦上添花不如雪中送点煤矸石渣面子,所以虽然本人也更喜欢弗罗斯特的诗,但仍翻译了一些罗宾逊的诗,以微力贡献点平衡。

  皮特在《美国诗人50家》中说:“罗宾逊的短诗写得更为成功”。所以把初步收集到的他的短诗翻译了,其中《八行诗》23首和《两首八行诗》,确见一种独特风格,形式上是守旧的,那种素体五音步抑扬格是莎士比亚写过的,但与莎氏的激扬高亮相反,多深挖苦究,稍显枯燥和晦涩,但也有警醒处。其他两首八行和几首四行略异。加上以前翻译的几首长点的,综合可略见其貌。





       波士顿


那些北方松树在我看来已足够好,
然而有一座城在我的记忆中浮见——
一座城,它永远像一个朋友出现,
永远都是沐浴着海边日出之东杲。
在那,不知怎地似乎总是少不了
一个新而强烈的某种向下的焕灿
它总在试图清晰,但却从未清湛
一个被魔法保护着的古迹的幽眇


  Boston
My northern pines are good enough for me, 
But there’s a town my memory uprears— 
A town that always like a friend appears, 
And always in the sunrise by the sea. 
And over it, somehow, there seems to be
A downward flash of something new and fierce, 
That ever strives to clear, but never clears 
The dimness of a charmed antiquity. 





         暗山


昏暗的山,披着西方的暮霭
那里日落的盘旋,像金号角
在为长眠地下的勇士的遗骸
一次次地,吹奏起了息灯号
很久以前那些路上飘满旗帜
那些闪现着太阳之军团的路,
你们消失——就像那个末日
的消失,而所有的战斗结束



 The Dark Hills
Dark hills at evening in the west, 
Where sunset hovers like a sound 
Of golden horns that sang to rest 
Old bones of warriors under ground, 
Far now from all the bannered ways 
Where flash the legions of the sun, 
You fade--as if the last of days 
Were fading, and all wars were done. 





  三首四行诗

1、
只要那名望的傲慢音乐响起
诗人将冠以威严之辞嘲笑它
憔悴的人们终会将峰顶攀抵
只要能将所谓荣耀视为尘沙

2、
举杯庆祝那没有成就的辉煌
再也不用为已经的陶醉发抖
卢库勒斯着迷的葡萄酒洒光
尼禄弹弄过的琴弦早已腐朽

3、
我们不能够为自己随便地加冕践祚
也不能哄劝命运之神为我们去争烈
无论我们是什么,或者我们唱什么
时间在每个月桂树上发现一片枯叶




  Three Quatrains

I

As long as Fame's imperious music rings 
Will poets mock it with crowned words august; 
And haggard men will clamber to be kings 
As long as Glory weighs itself in dust. 



II

Drink to the splendor of the unfulfilled, 
Nor shudder for the revels that are done: 
The wines that flushed Lucullus are all spilled, 
The strings that Nero fingered are all gone. 


III

We cannot crown ourselves with everything, 
Nor can we coax the Fates for us to quarrel: 
No matter what we are, or what we sing, 
Time finds a withered leaf in every laurel. 







    两首四行诗

1、
永存着的冲突无以名其状
它们虽见于视觉所及之即
常态亦如是,生活之具象
神圣地投影在思想之墙壁

2、
我们尖叫着生活,但不能活
直到摆脱掉人类呼吸的鬼附
我们梦见死了,但并没有死
直到停止在了跑向死亡之路




  Two Quatrains

I

As eons of incalculable strife 
Are in the vision of one moment caught, 
So are the common, concrete things of life

Divinely shadowed on the walls of Thought. 




II

We shriek to live, but no man ever lives
Till he has rid the ghost of human breath; 
We dream to die, but no man ever dies 
Till he has quit the road that runs to death. 







  Octaves   (八行诗23首)

I

We thrill too strangely at the master’s touch;
We shrink too sadly from the larger self
Which for its own completeness agitates
And undetermines us; we do not feel—
We dare not feel it yet—the splendid shame
Of uncreated failure; we forget,
The while we groan, that God’s accomplishment
Is always and unfailingly at hand.


我们太陌生地紧张于主体的触觉;
我们太可悲地缩减于原大的自我, 
其自身的完整使我们不安 
和失措;我们没感觉到——
我们没勇气感觉到——对没有发生的
失败的巨大羞愧;我们忘记了,
在我们呻吟时,上帝的业绩 
永恒和无敌,就在身边 


II

Tumultously void of a clean scheme
Whereon to build, whereof to formulate,
The legion life that riots in mankind
Goes ever plunging upward, up and down,
Most like some crazy regiment at arms,
Undisciplined of aught but Ignorance,
And ever led resourcelessly along
To brainless carnage by drunk trumpeters.

一个纯净计划的骚乱的空白

是这样被建立的,被设计的, 
反叛于人类的军团生活 
时常沉浸淹没一切, 
多数像军队中的一些疯狂团, 
训练无素但却愚昧无知, 
毫无才略地由醉号引导
向前去愚蠢大屠杀 


III

To me the groaning of world-worshippers
Rings like a lonely music played in hell
By one with art enough to cleave the walls
Of heaven with his cadence, but without
The wisdom or the will to comprehend
The strangeness of his own perversity,
And all without the courage to deny
The profit and the pride of his defeat.

对我来说世界崇拜者的呻吟

像演奏在地狱中的一首孤独的音乐萦绕
出自于一个以其节奏足以切割开
天堂之墙的艺术,而不是出自于 
能理解他自己的反常所造成的 
陌生感的智慧和意志, 
且全都不出自于对利益和 
胜利骄傲予以拒绝的勇气 


IV

While we are drilled in error, we are lost
Alike to truth and usefulness. We think
We are great warriors now, and we can brag
Like Titans; but the world is growing young,
And we, the fools of time, are growing with it:—
We do not fight to-day, we only die;
We are too proud of death, and too ashamed
Of God, to know enough to be alive.

当我们习惯于错误,我们就失去了

类似真实和有效性的东西。我们认为 
我们现在是伟大的勇士,我们可以自夸 
像泰坦神;但世界正在变得年轻, 
我们,时代的笨蛋们,正在变成—— 
一天没有战争,我们就会死去; 
我们太过骄傲于死亡,太过羞愧于 
上帝,以至于不足够明白活着 


V

There is one battle-field whereon we fall
Triumphant and unconquered; but, alas!
We are too fleshly fearful of ourselves
To fight there till our days are whirled and blurred
By sorrow, and the ministering wheels
Of anguish take us eastward, where the clouds
Of human gloom are lost against the gleam
That shines on Thought’s impenetrable mail.

有一个战场我们失落于

胜利和征服,但是,唉! 
我们有太多自身肉体上的恐惧 
不能战斗在那直到我们的生活被悲伤
翻转和模糊,服事痛苦的轮子
趋势我们向东方,那里人类昏暗的
云层不再缺失思想不能传递的
邮件而照耀出的光芒 


VI

When we shall hear no more the cradle-songs
Of ages—when the timeless hymns of Love
Defeat them and outsound them—we shall know
The rapture of that large release which all
Right science comprehends; and we shall read,
With unoppressed and unoffended eyes,
That record of All-Soul whereon God writes
In everlasting runes the truth of Him.


当我们不再听岁月的摇篮
曲——当爱的永恒赞美诗
取代并超越它们——我们将知道
所有正确科学理解的大量释放 
之下的喜悦;我们还将读到, 
用不被压制和干扰的眼睛, 
上帝用永恒符号书写真理的
全灵魂记录


VII

The guerdon of new childhood is repose:—
Once he has read the primer of right thought,
A man may claim between two smithy strokes
Beatitude enough to realize
God’s parallel completeness in the vague
And incommensurable excellence
That equitably uncreates itself
And makes a whirlwind of the Universe.

新童年的奖赏是休整——

一旦他读了正确思想的启蒙书, 
一个人就可以在铁砧锤击间请求 
充足的祝福以理解 
上帝在模糊中平行的完整性 
以及不可估量的卓越 
它公平地不生于自身 
并且制造了一场宇宙旋风


VIII

There is no loneliness:—no matter where
We go, nor whence we come, nor what good friends
Forsake us in the seeming, we are all
At one with a complete companionship;
And though forlornly joyless be the ways
We travel, the compensate spirit-gleams
Of Wisdom shaft the darkness here and there,
Like scattered lamps in unfrequented streets.

没有孤独——无论我们

去何处,来自何处,无论什么好友
在表象上遗弃了我们,我们都是
有一个完整陪伴的的人; 
虽然不快绝望地成为我们旅行的
方式,智慧之柄的灵光
照耀着各处的昏暗, 
像人迹稀疏的街上散落的灯 


IX

When one that you and I had all but sworn
To be the purest thing God ever made
Bewilders us until at last it seems
An angel has come back restigmatized,—
Faith wavers, and we wonder what there is
On earth to make us faithful any more,
But never are quite wise enough to know
The wisdom that is in that wonderment.

当你和我拥有一切但不发誓

要成为神所赐予的最纯净物, 
那将使我们陷入迷惑,直到最后看似
一位天使再次玷污地回来—— 
信仰动摇,我们惊异于世上 
不再有使我们可信仰的东西,
但永远不会有足够的理智去明白 
在那个惊异之中的智慧 


X

Where does a dead man go?—The dead man dies;
But the free life that would no longer feed
On fagots of outburned and shattered flesh
Wakes to a thrilled invisible advance,
Unchained (or fettered else) of memory;
And when the dead man goes it seems to me
’T were better for us all to do away
With weeping, and be glad that he is gone.

死去的人去哪了?——死去的人死了;

但不再靠燃尽的柴和毁灭的肉身 
供养的自由生命 
唤醒了一个令人兴奋的无形进展, 
随着记忆的解除(或解缚), 
当死去的人去时,在我看来 
我们所有的人最好取消 
哭泣,并为他的去而高兴


XI

Still through the dusk of dead, blank-legended,
And unremunerative years we search
To get where life begins, and still we groan
Because we do not find the living spark
Where no spark ever was; and thus we die,
Still searching, like poor old astronomers
Who totter off to bed and go to sleep,
To dream of untriangulated stars.

依然通过死亡的黄昏,空白传奇,

我们寻找无偿的岁月 
以得到生命的开始,我们仍呻吟 
为我们没有发现从来未曾有过的 
生活的火花;这样着我们死去, 
仍在寻找中,像可怜的老天文学家们 
蹒跚地走向床去睡觉,
堕入非三角形星梦中


XII

With conscious eyes not yet sincere enough
To pierce the glimmered cloud that fluctuates
Between me and the glorifying light
That screens itself with knowledge, I discern
The searching rays of wisdom that reach through
The mist of shame’s infirm credulity,
And infinitely wonder if hard words
Like mine have any message for the dead.

用有意的眼睛,但却不够真诚地

去刺破波动在我与以所知放映着
荣耀光泽之间的 
泛着微光的云, 我辨认
通过羞愧的意志薄弱之雾 
到达的智慧的搜索射线, 
且无限惊奇于坚硬的词语是否
像含有死者信息的矿藏


XIII

I grant you friendship is a royal thing,
But none shall ever know that royalty
For what it is till he has realized
His best friend in himself. ’T is then, perforce,
That man’s unfettered faith indemnifies
Of its own conscious freedom the old shame,
And love’s revealed infinitude supplants
Of its own wealth and wisdom the old scorn.

我赞同你,友谊是高贵的

但没有人会知道高贵
意味着什么直到他理解了 
他最好的朋友在他自身中。必然地, 
那个人古老羞耻感下的意识自由的 
信任保证解放了他自己, 
并且爱,古老蔑视感下智慧和财富的 
无限替代,被显示出来


XIV

Though the sick beast infect us, we are fraught
Forever with indissoluble Truth,
Wherein redress reveals itself divine,
Transitional, transcendent. Grief and loss,
Disease and desolation, are the dreams
Of wasted excellence; and every dream
Has in it something of an ageless fact
That flouts deformity and laughs at years.

虽然病兽传染我们,我们永远

充盈着牢不可破的真理,
在那里矫正,显示着她的神圣, 
迁移,超越。悲伤和损失, 
疾病和荒凉,是废弃了卓越的
诸梦。每一个梦 
都有一个长久真实的东西 
它藐视岁月中的畸形与讪笑 


XV

We lack the courage to be where we are:—
We love too much to travel on old roads,
To triumph on old fields; we love too much
To consecrate the magic of dead things,
And yieldingly to linger by long walls
Of ruin, where the ruinous moonlight
That sheds a lying glory on old stones
Befriends us with a wizard’s enmity.

我们缺乏勇气成为自我真实——

我们爱得太多而不能行在旧路上, 
不能取胜在旧领域;我们爱得太多 
而不能敬奉死亡事情的神奇, 
且屈服地不能沿着毁坏的长墙 
徘徊,那里破败的月光 
脱落了以一份巫师的敌意视我们为友的
旧石上一个置放着的荣耀


XVI

Something as one with eyes that look below
The battle-smoke to glimpse the foeman’s charge,
We through the dust of downward years may scan
The onslaught that awaits this idiot world
Where blood pays blood for nothing, and where life
Pays life to madness, till at last the ports
Of gilded helplessness be battered through
By the still crash of salvatory steel.

一个人可以通过在下面了望

硝烟以瞥见敌人的进攻,
我们通过未来岁月的尘埃可以审视 
等待着这个愚蠢世界的猛攻 
鲜血无益地付与鲜血,生命 
疯狂地付与生命,直到最后镀金的
无能为力之港被救世钢铁
平静地冲撞而击毁


XVII

To you that sit with Sorrow like chained slaves,
And wonder if the night will ever come,
I would say this: The night will never come,
And sorrow is not always. But my words
Are not enough; your eyes are not enough;
The soul itself must insulate the Real,
Or ever you do cherish in this life—
In this life or in any life—repose.

你们坐着,带着像链拴奴隶样的悲伤

想知道夜晚是否会来, 
我会说:夜晚永远不会来, 
悲伤不会长久。但我的话
是不够的;你们的眼睛是不够的; 
灵魂自身必须隔离于真实, 
或者你们照料自己这样的生活——
这样或其他样的生活——休息


XVIII

Like a white wall whereon forever breaks
Unsatisfied the tumult of green seas,
Man’s unconjectured godliness rebukes
With its imperial silence the lost waves
Of insufficient grief. This mortal surge
That beats against us now is nothing else
Than plangent ignorance. Truth neither shakes
Nor wavers; but the world shakes, and we shriek.

像一堵讨厌地永远割裂着

绿色海洋的喧哗的白墙 
人类不可测的虔诚以她庄严的 
沉默指斥着缺乏悲伤 
之逝波。这个目前打击我们的 
致命狂澜除了震颤的愚昧外 
什么都不是。真理既不颤抖
也不摇摆,但世界颤抖,我们尖叫


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