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根据题干的提问及内容的考察方式，我们可以把其分成四种类型：主旨大意、细节事实、词汇理解、判断推理。下文简要介绍主旨大意类型的解题技巧。

主旨大意

通过理解、分析材料，区别观点与事实、主要信息与次要信息，从而总结归纳文章的主旨大意的能力。常见提问内容如下：

What is the topic/subject/main idea of the passage？

What does the passage mainly deal with ？

What is the passage mainly about ？

Which of the following statements best sums up/summarizes the whole passage ?

What is the best/most appropriate title for the passage ?

What topic/theme/subject is the passage mainly concerned about?

The author’s purpose in writing this passage is ________.

The author mainly discusses ________.

The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is ________.

1) 直陈式：全文第一段。

What is the best title for the passage ？

A.   The Inherent Weaknesses of the Price System（未提及）

B.   The Complexities of the Price System（备选项）

C.   Credit Terms in Transactions （未提及）

D.   Resource Allocation and the Public Sector （提及到但不是中心）

    Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in-limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of (众多方面的) services, including labor, transportation, and public utility (公用事业) services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the "system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. （中心：价格相互依赖和复杂的价格体系 ；答案：B）

2）转折式：新观点代替旧观点。

What is mainly discussed in the passage is that babies learn to do things which ________.

A.   are directly related to pleasure.

B.   will meet their physical needs.

C.   will bring them a feeling of success.

D.   will satisfy their curiosity.（未提及）

    For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies--and other creatures--learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true.（靶子—陪衬） But it also used to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise. It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.（最后一句，作者观点；答案：C）

3）提问式

What is the main idea of the passage ?

A.    Why statistics don’t tell the truth about the economy.

B.    Why affluence doesn’t guarantee happiness.

C.    How happiness can be promoted today.

D.    What lies behind an economic boom.(未提及)

    You hear the refrain（迭句） all the time: the U. S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesn’t feel good. Why doesn’t ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness （中心）? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent（富裕的）Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97. （答案：B）

4）推断式：整篇阅读，自己推断。

What does the passage mainly discuss ?

A.    The bad effects of convenience food.

B.    Mr. Silverstein’s new book.

C.    People’s new hobby.

D.    Disappearance of the old symbol of togetherness.

Convenience food helps companies by creating growth, but what is its effect on people  For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilization, the microwave is the last enemy. The communion of eating together is easily broken by a device that liberates households citizens from waiting for mealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone. The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150000 years could be destroyed.

Meals have certainly suffered from the rise of convenience food.(消极影响) The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the day’s first meal has all but disappeared. In the 20th century the leisure British breakfast was undermined by the corn flake; in the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar.

Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook.（看似消极） One of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13 minutes a day in 2002, the number of cooks and television programmer on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn’t a paradox. Maybe it is became people can’t cook anymore, so they need to be told how to do it, or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbies -- golf, yachting -- not about chores. Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby.

Although everybody lives in the kitchen, its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use.（看似消极） Mr. Silverstein’s new book “trading up” look at mid-range consumer’s milling now to splash out. He says that industrial-style Viking cook pot, with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the “kitchen as theater” trend in hour goods. They cost from $1000 to $9000.Some 75% of them are never used.

Convenience also has an impact on the healthiness, or otherwise, of food.（消极影响） Of course there is nothing bad about ready to eat food itself. You don’t get much healthier than an apple, and supermarkets sell a better for you range of ready-meals. But there is a limit to the number of apples people want to eat; and these days it is easier for people to eat the kind of food that makes them fat The three Harvard economists in their paper “why have Americans become more obese ” point out that in the past, if people wanted to eat fatty hot food, they had to cook it. That took time and energy a good chip needs frying twice, once to cook the potato and once to get it crispy, which discouraged of consumption of that cost of food. Mass preparation of food took away that constraint. Nobody has to cut and double cook their own fries these days.（答案：A）