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Writing task:

You should spend 40 minutes on this task.

One of the consequences of improved medical care is that people are living longer and life expectancy is increasing. Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experiences. Write at least 250 words.

Essay 1:

As the medical condition of the modern world is improving, an increase in life expectancy and the actual average life length has become obvious, a phenomenon with its pros and cons still to be explored.

A major advantage of longer lives lies in the happiness of achieving a basic human need. When life expectancy increases, people naturally feel happy and hopeful, for they will be able to enjoy more of life. Such happiness may bring benefits to the society, since it creates an enhanced mental environment, subsequently, leading to improvements in social stability and productivity efficiency. The magnitude of lengthier lives' psychological effect is vital here.

However, the disadvantages of such development should not be neglected. On one hand, although the life is lengthened, its quality may be reduced, particularly shown in elder age groups. Elder people suffer from a considerable range of illnesses most of which incurable yet not lethal due to the developed medical care. These illnesses are generally troubling and lasting, also unfortunately painful. On the other hand, longer lives add to the growing population pressure, causing a series of problems relating to the world's economy and resources. This situation is already significant in countries like Germany and Japan, where elder people possess a large proportion of the population.

From my point of view, as long as the quality of life can be guaranteed by modern medical care, the advantages of such development will not be outweighed by its disadvantages. As for the problems relating to the population pressure, they might be overcome by developments in productivity, which usually go hand in hand with the medical advances. (272 words)

Essay 2

Over the past 50 years, people have become used to the idea that they will probably live longer than their grandparents did. However, a longer life is only desirable if you can look after yourself and be independent. Otherwise, there can be disadvantages for everyone.

If you walk into a hospital in my country, you are likely to see a lot more elderly people than you did in the past. In fact, this is causing significant problems as there is a shortage of beds. Medical treatment is keeping the elderly alive, but at what cost to others?

On top of this, one of the biggest medical problems these days is dementia. Even if old people are still fit, they may not be able to look after themselves. They may have to live with their children be cared for in a home, which can be expensive. Elderly people do not like to be a burden, but their children can feel obliged to care for them.

Obviously, not all old people become ill. Those who remain healthy can enjoy a happy old age as long as they have saved enough money. People are much more active in their sixties and seventies than they used to be and this can only be a good thing. They have time to enjoy their retirement and do a range of activities that they could not do when they were at work. They can also help look after their grandchildren, which is a great benefit for working parents.

To sum up, I believe that we should aim to keep people as healthy as possible so that they can enjoy their old age without having to rely on others. A longer life expectancy is obviously advantageous, but no one wants to live to be 100 if they only cause problems for their family and society. (308 words)

Essay 3

The enhanced medical care in the modern society leads to longer life expectancy, but longer life also brings more happiness? It is difficult to determine.

Longer lives are only worthwhile when people can spend it independently, meaningfully and happily.

In 1900, the average life expectancy in my country was approximately 35. A century later, this number doubled. Longer lives enable people to create more and enjoy more. Furthermore, longer life expectancy expands the span of a generation, thus the population growth can be controlled. In Europe, where the average life expectancy rank the top of the world, a generation means 30 years. In comparison, the developing world, which has an average life expectancy of about 40, far outborn Europe. With the reduction of birth rate, a series of social problems can be tackled.

Despite the above mentioned advantages, questions have been raised to the meaning of longer life. Why would people have longer lives spent in hospitals, relying on circulation machines or surgeries? Disability, heart disease, and other typical diseases among the seniors have made their increased life span a torture both to themselves and to the society. In Europe, where the seniors 8% of the entire population due to long life span, the medication cost has become a major drawback to the region's economy. The decreasing birth rate in this region due to longer generational span is dangerous to the economically-down-turning region by reducing labour forces in the future.

We can see both advantages and drawbacks in increased life expectancy. Everyone wishes to live longer, but only spending the tie healthily and happily instead of staying in the hospital can ensure a meaningful life. From this angle, I would believe the disadvantages of this development far outweigh the advantages. (290 words)

Essay 4

The improvements in health care have brought about many outcomes, the most significant of them being the lengthening of life span and the increase in life expectancy. The aim of this essay is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend and decide whether it is beneficial or not for the social development.

The advocates of this trend believe that the lengthening of life can create happiness and satisfaction in people's life. From the aspect of humanity, prolonged life indicates opportunities to experience more pleasant events, to hold more joyful memories and to devote more to the society, which are by all means beneficial. What's more, the increase of life expectancy diminishes the rash thoughts of violence and may gradually lower the crime rate to ensure national security.

However, some skeptists oppose the idea with economical and social reasons. First of all, lengthening life span leads to aging of population, which consequently burdens the government. If the government has not established a comprehensive welfare system, especially for the old, life would be joyless despite this long life span. Not only will the government economically collapse, but also its people will be filled with dissatisfaction. Second, there would be more offspring for the old, so that simultaneously social problems could occur, such as family feuds, the levels of education, and especially the distribution of legacy. These problems are not treated with enough attention at the present, yet their occurrence is inevitable as the consequence of the aging of the population.   

In conclusion, both sides have their points and it would be difficult to define the outcome as either beneficial or harmful. Therefore, the government should establish organizations to tackle these upcoming problems, in addition to the further improvement in medical care. (291 words)