《2013考研英语(二)段落翻译与写作突破》精彩内容连载

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教育考研英语翻译写作 |
主编:陈正康、杨凤芝
出版社:北京理工大学出版社
定价:28.80
页数:248
ISBN(书号):978-7-5640-6177-7
一、 结构分析找主干
1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)
It rains.
天下雨了。
2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O]
The Greens enjoy living in China.
格林一家喜欢住在中国。
3. 主语+系动词+表语[S+V+P]
该句型中谓语动词为系动词,常见的系动词有:be(是),get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。
①
他成为了一名著名的医生。
② The apple pie tastes really delicious.
苹果派真是好吃。
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语[S+V+InO+DO]
这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,但要加介词for或to。
① My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me.
我阿姨买给我一台电脑。
② I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him.
我把盐递给他。
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语[S+V+O+OC]
宾语补足语是位于宾语之后,说明宾语的状态、特征的成分,多由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词和分词充当。
I heard Jean singing this morning.
我听到简早上在唱歌。
句子中的Jean显然是宾语,但是主语I听到的并不是Jean,而是Jean singing。 singing 是句子中的宾语补足语,它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是Jean执行了singing的动作,所以句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语。
I find learning English difficult.
我觉得学英语很困难。
显然本句中difficult是形容词作宾语补足语,对宾语learning English进行进一步的补充说明。
因此,拿到一个长难句之后,第一步就是要分析其结构,找到主干。首先可以找句子中的谓语动词,然后找到主语和宾语。例如:
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
二、 句子切分逐个翻译
在找到句子主干的基础上,通过句子切分把句子进行简化。原则如下:
①主干与修饰成分要分开。
②主句与从句要分开。
③并列成分要分开。
④过去分词和现在分词要分开。
⑤用标点符号进行拆分。
还以刚才的句子为例进行切分:
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry主干(主系表) ‖which seeks to study humans and their end定语从句
eavors ‖in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic and dispassioned manner方式状语‖ that natural scientists
use for the study of natural phenomena.定语从句
具体来看,Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry(社会科学是知识探索的一个分支)是主干,which seeks to study humans and their endeavors(致力于研究人类及其行为)为which引导的定语从句修饰前面的社会科学,in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic and dispassioned manner(以同样的推理的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式)为方式状语,而在该方式状语后面又跟了一个定语从句that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena(自然科学家用来研究自然现象的)来修饰前面的manner。
三、 推敲与调整
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用推理的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
这样翻译不仅准确,并且完整通畅。
一、 2012年考研英语(二)英译汉真题
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.
Lots of studies have found that welleducated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a highschool education, compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of
25. This “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries.They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of muchneeded skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.
【考场练兵】