掌握300词,英语常见词根(八)
(2011-08-24 11:28:24)
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tangential中的TANG,也作TACT,源自拉丁语,意为to touch,参见tactile;后缀-ENT参见accident;后缀-IAL参见quadrennial,tangential,也作tangental,意为“稍微有点关系的;肤浅的,离开本题的;突然越出常态的”,常用于数学指“切线的;切的;正切的”,如:Even the tangential characters are wittily drawn.(甚至离奇的人物也被诙谐地描绘。)
tendency中的TEND,也作TENS, TENT,源自拉丁语,意为to stretch, to go, to strive,参见hypertension;后缀-ENCY参见ascendancy,tendency意为“倾向,趋势;性情,偏好(to; toward);(话或作品等的)旨趣,意向,倾向性”,如:A teenager’s tendency for acne problems could be genetic.(少年时可能得痤疮,可能是遗传决定的。)/ For years, he kept his suicidal tendencies a secret.(多年以来,他将自己的自杀倾向视作秘密隐藏着。)
terrestrial源自拉丁语词terrestris,而terrestris源自拉丁语词terra,TERR即源自terra,意为earth(parterre, subterranean, terrace, terrarium, territory);后缀-IAL参见quadrennial,terrestrial作adj.意为“地球(上)的;地球的(生活等),人间的[反义为celestial],现世的;陆地的,陆生的,陆栖的(动植物)”;作n.意为“地球居民”,偶尔也可指“地球”,复数形式terrestrials意为“陆生动/植物,陆栖动物”。例如:terrestrial life(地球生物)/ a terrestrial globe(地球仪)/ terrestrial aims/interests(名利心)/ terrestrial planets(类地行星)
tessera中的TESSER即TESSAR,也作TETRA/TETR,源自拉丁语,意为four(tetracycline,
tetrahedron, tetralogy,
tetrapod),tessera意为“镶嵌物[玻璃、象牙、大理石等作成的小方块]”,古罗马时指“(骨、象牙、木头等做的)入场券/证;骰子;标记”。
tetracycline中的TETRA参见terrera;CYCL,也作CYCLO,源自希腊语,常作前缀,意为“(循)环;回旋/转;环(状,合,化);圆”(cycle,
cyclic/cyclical, cyclist, cyclocross, cycloid, cyclometer,
cyclopaedia/cyclopedia,
cyclotron);后缀-INE参见aquamarine,tetracycline即“四环素”。
theonomous中的THEO,也作THE,源自希腊语,意为god(apotheosis, atheistic,
monotheism, pantheistic, polytheistic, theocentric, theocracy,
theologian, theology,
theophany);后缀-NOMOUS源自-NOMY,-NOMY源自希腊语,意为“法”,“学”(astronomy,
autonomous, autonomy, economy),theonomous意为“神统治的,神控制的”。
torsion中的TORS,也作TORT, TOR,源自拉丁语,意为to twist, to wind, to
wrench(contort, contortion, contortionist, distort, distortion,
extort, extortion, retort, torque, torsion, tort, torture,
tortuous);后缀-ION参见abstraction,torsion意为“扭转;扭(转)力”,用于物理学指“扭(力)矩,转(力)距”,用于医学指“捩转”,如:torsion
balance(扭秤)/ torsion meter(扭力计)/ torsion pendulum([物理学]扭摆)
transfigure中的TRANS源自拉丁语,意为through, across, beyond(transfer,
transfiguration, transfuse, transient, translation, transmit,
transportation);FIG源自拉丁语,意为to shape, to form, to
mold(configuration, disfigure, effigy, figment, figurative, figure,
figurine,
prefigure);后缀-URE参见closure,transfigure意为“改变…的形状/容貌,使变形;使改观;美化,理想化,神圣化”,如:Her
face was transfigured with joy.(她的脸上洋溢着欢乐,显得更美了。)
transmute中的TRANS参见transfigure;MUT源自拉丁语,意为to change(commutation,
immutable, mutate, mutation,
permutation),transmute作vt.意为“使变形/变质,使变化”,用于化学指“使嬗变”;作vi.意为“变化,变形,变质”,如:Her
paintings show humans transmuting into
animals.(她在画中表现了人类变形成动物。)
travesty中的TRA简化自TRANS,参见transfigure;VEST源自拉丁语,意为to clothe, to
dress; clothing, garment(divest, investiture, transvestite,
vest),travesty与transvestite为同源词;后缀-Y在此表示抽象名词,参见heterodoxy,travesty作n.意为“滑稽模仿;谐摹诗/文;拙劣的做法/演出;牵强附会,曲解”;作vt.意为“滑稽化;拙劣地表演”,如:travesty
role([戏剧中的]反串角色)/ It would have been a travesty of justice to not
punish them.(不惩罚他们,就是对司法的扭曲。)/ travesty one’s
manner(滑稽地模仿某人的举止)
trimester中的TRI常作前缀,源自希腊语或拉丁语,意为three(triangle, triceratops,
tricolor, tricycle, trident, trilogy, trinity, triptych,
triumvirate,
trivial);MESTER源自拉丁语,意为month(semester),trimester意为“(约)三个月;(一年三学期制的)学期”,semester意为“六个月的时期;(美、德等国学校课程的)半学年;一学期”。
tutorial中的TUT,也作TUI, TUIT,源自拉丁语,意为to guide, guard, or teach,参见intuition;名词后缀-OR参见doctrinaire;后缀-IAL参见quadrennial,tutorial作adj.意为“(大学)导师的;家庭教师的;辅导的;监护人的”;作n.意为“个人辅导时间;受大学教育时间”。例如:the tutorial system(导师制)/ a psychology tutorial(心理学个人辅导)
U
ultrasonography中的ULTRA源自拉丁语,作前缀,意为beyond; extreme;
excessive(ultraconservative, ultramicro, ultra-right,
ultraviolet);SONO即SON,源自拉丁语,意为sound(dissonant, resonance, sonata,
sonic, sonorous, ultrasound);后缀-GRAPHY表示:1.书法;写法;图示法(calligraphy,
photography);2.志;记(autobiography, bibliography, geography,
oceanography);ultrasonography意为“超声波探测”。
undulant中的UNDUL,也作UND,源自拉丁语,意为wave, to rise in waves(inundate,
redound, redundancy, undulate,
undulation);后缀-ANT参见covenant,undulant意为“波状的,波动的”,医学中undulant
fever指“波状热,布鲁式杆菌病”,又如:The dancer’s movements became sinuous,
undulant – almost snakelike.(舞蹈者的动作变得柔软而波动,几乎像蛇一样。)
unicameral中的UNI源自拉丁语,作前缀,意为one(unicycle, uniform, unilateral,
unison, unit, unitard, unitarian,
unite);CAMER源自拉丁语,意为room(bicameral, camera,
chamber);后缀-AL参见bilingual,unicameral意为“(议会)一院制的”;bicameral意为“有上、下院的,二立法机构的,两院制的”。
unnatural中的前缀UN-的用法:1.表示:相反动作(unbend, uncoil);使丧失,夺去,废止(unman,
unsex);由…解放出,由…取出(unearth, unhorse);彻底(unloose, unrip);2.加在adj.,
adv., n.之前表示:不,无,非,未(unhappy/unhappily/unhappiness,
unrest);NAT,也作NASC, NAI源自拉丁语,意为to be born; birth, race,
nation(cognate, innate, nascent, natal, nation, national, native,
nativity, natural, nature, obstinate, postnatal, prenatal,
renaissance);后缀-URE参见closure;后缀-AL参见bilingual,unnatural意为“不合自然规律的,不应有的;不自然的;做作的,勉强的;不合人情/人道的;变态的,残忍的;奇异的,奇怪的”,如:die
an unnatural death(死于非命;横死)/ It was very cold, which seems
unnatural for late spring.(天气非常冷,这在晚春似乎不太正常。)/ His laugh seemed
forced and unnatural.(他似乎强装出做作的欢笑。)
usury中的USU,也作US, UT, UTILIT,源自拉丁语,意为to use, make use of,
employ; useful, fit(abuse, reuse, usufruct, usury, utilitarian,
utility);后缀-RY,也作-ERY,用于构成名词,表示:1.性质,行为(bravery, bribery, pedantry,
snobbery),usury中的-RY即为此意;2.境遇,身份(slavery);3.货物的种类(finery,
perfumery);4.制造所、饲养所(bakery);usury意为“高利贷;高利;[比喻]利益”。
utilitarian中的UTILIT参见usury;后缀-ARIAN意为“…派的(人),…岁的(人)”(egalitarian,
librarian, sexagenarian,
vegetarian),utilitarian作adj.意为“功利的;实利的;功利主义的;实利主义的”;作n.意为“功利主义者;实利主义者”,如:utilitarian
clothes(实用的服装)
V
valid中的VAL,有时作VAIL, VALE, VALU,源自拉丁语,意为well, worth; strength; to
be worthy, strong, powerful, effective, healthy; to have power or
influence(avail, convalesce, convalescent, equivalent, evaluate,
evaluation, invalid, invalidate, prevalent, revaluation,
valediction, valedictorian, valedictory, valiant, validate,
validity, valor, valorous, valuable,
value);valid中的后缀-ID表示由拉丁语动词、名词作成表示状态的形容词(fluid, horrid,
solid),valid意为“(理由、证据等)有确实根据的,确凿的;正确的;健全的,站得住的”;用于法律指“(契约、选举等)经过正式手续的,有效的”(反义词void);用于逻辑学指“含有暗示之结论的前提的”,如:valid
ballot papers(有效选票)/ The tourist visa is valid for three
months.(旅游签证的有效期为三个月。)/ They had some valid concerns about the
safety of the airplane.(关于飞机的安全,他们有一些言之有据的关切点。)
ventriloquist中的VENTRI,也作VENTR, VENTRO,源自拉丁语,意为stomach,
belly(ventral, ventricle, ventriloquism/ventriloquy, ventrodorsal,
ventrolateral, ventrotomy);LOQU,也作LOC, LOCUT,源自拉丁语,意为to speak, to
talk(circumlocution, colloquy, elocution, eloquence, eloquent,
interlocutor, locution, loquacious,
soliloquy);后缀-IST参见archaeologist,ventriloquist意为“口技表演者,腹语(术)者”。
verbose中的VERB源自拉丁语,意为word(proverb, verb, verbally, verbalize,
verbatim,
verbiage);后缀-OSE此处相当于-OUS,表示:1.…多的,verbose中的-OSE即为此意;2.爱…的(jocose);3.…性的(comatose,
schistose);verbose意为“(措词)罗嗦的,(说话)唠叨的;冗长的”,如:a verbose television
sportscaster(一个唠唠叨叨的电视体育播报员)
victimize中的VICTIM,也作VICT, VINC,源自拉丁语,意为to conquer, to
overcome(convince, evince, invincible, victim, victor,
victory);后缀-IZE参见centralize,victimize意为“屠杀(牲畜等)供作牺牲;使牺牲/受损害;迫害;欺骗”,如:He
feels he has been victimized by the press.(他觉得自己被新闻界牺牲掉了。)
virtuosity中的VIRTU,即VIR,源自拉丁语,意为man(triumvirate, virago, virility,
virtue, virtuous);后缀-OSITY,用于构成以-OSE, -OUS结尾的adj.的名词(curiosity,
jocosity),virtuosity意为“艺术鉴别力;艺术(尤其是音乐)上的熟练技巧;[集合名词]艺术鉴赏界”,如:the
guitarist’s amazing technical virtuosity(这个吉他手的技艺令人惊讶地熟练)
vitamin中的VIT,也作VIV, VIVI,源自拉丁语,意为life; to live or be
alive,参见survival;AMIN即amino acid(氨基酸),vitamin即“维他命,维生素”。
vivisection中的VIVI,也作VIV, VIT,源自拉丁语,意为life; to live or be
alive,参见survival;SECT,也作SEC, SEG,源自拉丁语,意为to
cut,参见segmental;后缀-ION参见abstraction,vivisection意为“活体解剖”。
vocation中的VOC,也作VOK源自拉丁语,意为to call, to speak, to use
voice(equivocate, irrevocable, vocal,
vociferous),另参见revoke;后缀-ATION参见adaptation,vocation意为“天命;天职,使命;(对某种职业的)适应性,才能;职业,行业”,如:At
18, she found her vocation as a writer.(18岁时,她发现自己有成为作家的才能。)/ a
vocation for priesthood(以教士为天职)/ He has little/no vacation to/for
literature.(他不大/完全不适合搞文学。)/ mistake one’s vocation(选错职业)/ take up
the vocation of architecture(选择建筑学作为专业)
voluble中的VOLU,也作VOLUT, VOLV,源自拉丁语,意为to roll, wind, turn around,
or twist around(convolution,
volume),参见revolve;后缀-BLE即-ABLE/-IBLE,参见biodegradable,voluble意为“流利的,流畅的,口若悬河的,善辩的;易旋转的,旋转性的”,用于植物学指“会缠绕的”,如:a
voluble and witty man(一个能说会道且机智的人)/ voluble excuses(流利的辩解)