一、主短从长”型:即主句是一个短暂性动作,而从句是一个持续性动作,此时三者都可用。
a.Jim hurt his arm while[when, as]he was playing tennis.
b.As[When, While]she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient.
注意:as 用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在……期间”时,其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作(action)和发展(development)意味的动词,一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词(如 be,seem,love,want,agree,see,know,have等),所以下面一句中的 while 不能换为 as:
A:I’m going to the post office.
B:While you are there, can you get me some stamps?
二、“主长从长”型:即主句和从句为两个同时进行的动作或存在的状态,且强调主句动作或状态延续到从句所指的整个时间,此时通常要用while。
a.I always listen to the radio while I’m driving.
b.He didn’t ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message.
注意:若主句和从句所表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边……一边”之意时,则习惯上要用as。如:
a.He swung his arms as he walked.
b.I couldn’t remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along.
三、“主长从短”型:即主句是一个持续性动作,而从句是一个短暂性动作,此时可以用as或when,但不能用while。如:
a.It was raining hard when [as] we arrived.
b.When [As] he came in, I was listening to the radio.
▲如果主句动作伴随从句动作同时变化,有“随着”的意思,要用as,而不用when或while。如:
As time goes by my memory seems to get worse.
▲若暗示一种规律性,表示“每当……的时候”,英语一般要用when:
It’s cold when it snows.
▲若主句与从句所表示的动作不是同时发生,而是有先后顺序时,一般要用when:
When he arrives he’ll tell us all about the match.
▲若从句所表示的“当……的时候”具有“趁机”的意味,则通常用while:
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁
▲when可用作并列连词,表示“这时(突然)”;while也可以用作并列连词,表示“却”;as没有类似用法:
a.I was just about to go to bed when I heard a knock on the door.
b.One person may like to spend his vacation at the seashore, while another may prefer the mountains.
▲when和while之后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句,但as一般不这样用:
a.When [While] in trouble, ask her for help.
b.You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old.
南柯教案,转载请标明出处