8月8日应试班阅读课:人物性格分析《The loons》 1
(2012-08-07 10:21:22)
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How to analyze person's character?
①(Just below Manawaka, where the Wachakwa River ran brown and noisy over the pebbles(鹅卵石), the scrub(矮小的人/物)oak(橡树) and grey-green willow and chokecherry bushes grew in a dense thicket(灌木丛)). In a clearing(空地) at the centre of the thicket stood the Tonnerre family's shack(小屋/窝棚). ②(The basis at this dwelling(住所) was a small square cabin made of poplar(白杨树) poles and chinked(涂抹) with mud, which had been built by Jules Tonnerre some fifty years before, when he came back from Batoche with a bullet in his thigh(大腿), the year that Riel was hung(获绞刑) and the voices of the Metis entered their long silence(遭到彻底镇压)). Jules had only intended to stay the winter in the Wachakwa Valley, but the family was still there in the thirties, when I was a child. As the Tonnerres had increased(人丁增加), their settlement had been added to, until the clearing at the foot of the town hill was a chaos(林立,很多)of lean-tos(斜顶木屋), wooden packing cases, warped(弯曲) lumber, discarded(废弃的)car tyres(轮胎), ramshackle(摇摇欲坠的)chicken coops(鸡笼) , tangled strands(带刺的)of barbed wire(铁丝/电线)and rusty(生锈的)tin cans.
一、背景知识 background knowledge
It is a touching story tells of the
plight(困境)
of Piquette, a girl from Indian
family. They were unable to exit independency society. They found
it impossible to fit into the main current.
The loons disappeared as nature was ruined by civilization. In similar way, Piquette and her people failed to find their position in modern city.
《潜水鸟》是加拿大女作家玛格丽特·劳伦斯(加拿大一代文学“教母”,一生著作颇丰。)的著名短篇小说。作者以19世纪美蒂人反对联邦政府接管他们居住的红河地区,保护赖以生存的自然环境和争取生存权利的斗争为背景,采用第一人称的叙事手法,通过我“(凡乃莎)”展现了主人公皮格特一家破败的生存环境。
小说通过对人物形象的刻画和性格的塑造真实地再现了马纳瓦卡镇上印第安姑娘皮格特在不平等的白人为主流的社会中挣扎与抗争。小说也不乏反映出人类在文明进程中所引发的生态困境,以及作者消除种族偏见和性别歧视,超越男权中心意识,建立人与自然和谐相处的价值取向。
再者,作者通过对作品中印第安女孩皮格特边缘生存境况、林中潜水鸟消亡遭遇以及两者间隐喻关系的分析,揭示工业化文明给自然和人类带来的深重灾难以及父权制文化对有色人种、及其二元论思维模式对有色人种女性和自然的无情摧残,反映出作品所蕴涵的生态女性主义思想。
二、文学常识:
1. 印第安人:
是对除爱斯基摩人外的所有美洲原住民的总称。美洲土著居民中的绝大多数为印第安人,分布于南北美洲各国。
2. 生态女性主义:
⑴女性主义:现时的社会建立于一个男性被给予了比女性更多特权的父权体系之上,女性在全世界范围内是一个受压迫、受歧视的等级,应该在全人类实现男女平等。
⑵生态女性主义认为:导致压迫与支配女人的的社会心态,是直接关联到导致滥用地球环境的社会心态。要改变女性的地位,对“父权制”社会和二元对立思维方式的批判。要依赖于生物界的和谐发展,反对各种形式的统治和压迫,把反对压迫、妇女解放和解决生态危机一并当作自己的奋斗目标。
3. 二元对立:
是理性(rational)与感性(emotional)的二分,而在西方哲学中,理性一向比感性获得更高的评价。被视为一种称为逻辑中心主义的西方哲学思想的影响。对于很多理念,如男性/女性,文明/野蛮,白种人/有色人种的二分,为西方白种“文明人”的霸权提供了借口。
三、生词:
1. 【pebble】:a smooth, round stone that is found in/near water鹅卵石
2. 【scrub】:
1. n. Small trees and bushes growing in the soil; 灌木丛
2. v. To clean something by rubbing it hard, perhaps with a brush and often with water擦洗,刷洗
If you use your cleaning brush to rub too hard, you would scrub the paint away.如果刷得太用力,会把油漆刷掉的
3. 【thicket】:n. a dense growth of small trees, shrubs, and similar plants灌木丛
4. 【clearing】:a wide space in a forest where there are no trees林中空地:The streamlet ran along the side of the clearing.小溪沿着林中空地的边上向前流淌
5. 【dwelling】:a house, apartment, etc. where a person lives.住所:
Welcome to my humble dwelling.欢迎光临寒舍
6. 【clink】:to fill up or make cracks in 堵塞(裂缝、缝隙)
The old woman chinked the holes in the walls. 老女人堵住了墙上的洞
7. 【chaos】:a state of extreme confusion and disorder混乱
Disaster area turned into complete chaos. 灾区一片混乱
8. 【warp】:to twist or cause to twist out of shape扭曲,使翘曲
He totally warped my meaning.他完全曲解了我的意思
9. 【discard】:to reject 丢弃
He discarded his winter clothing. 他丢弃了他的冬衣
He finally discarded his stereotypes. 最后他抛弃了陈旧的观念
10. 【strand】:a single length of string, hair, wool, wire, etc.缕,股
Forensic scientist can determine a person’s sex,
age and race by examining a single strand of
hair.法医能通过检验一缕头发判断一个人的性别、年龄和种族
四、长难句paraphrase:
①:physical setting(物理场景的描写),并且以地名行文,Manawaka是作者以自己的出生地和成长低加拿大曼尼托巴草原小镇尼帕瓦为原型,精心虚构了西部草原小镇马纳瓦卡的地名;brown and noisy体现的不是欢快而是嘈杂的景象,体现了自然景物:chaotic/conflicting/oppressive的特征
②:The basis of this dwelling was a small square cabin made of poplar poles and chinked with mud是句子的主干,made of…是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰前面的cabin。Which引导的定语从句修饰cabin,when引导的定语从句点明时间,the year…long silence进一步补充说明some fifty years before
五、参考翻译:
马纳瓦卡山下有一条小河,叫瓦恰科瓦河,浑浊的河水沿着布满鹅卵石的河床哗哗地流淌着,河边谷地上长着无数的矮橡树、灰绿色柳树和野樱桃树,形成一片茂密的丛林。坦纳瑞家的棚屋就座落在丛林中央的一片空地上。这住所的主体结构是一间四方形木屋,系用一根根白杨木涂以灰泥建成,建造者是儒勒.坦纳瑞。大约五十年前,也就是里尔被绞杀、法印混血族遭到彻底失败的那一年,儒勒?坦纳瑞大腿上带着一颗枪弹从巴托什战场回到这里后便建造了那间小木屋。儒勒当初只打算在瓦恰科瓦河谷里度过当年的那个冬天,但直到三十年代,他们家仍住在那儿,当时我还是个孩子。坦纳瑞家人丁兴旺,他们的木屋慢慢地扩建,越来越大,到后来,那片林中空地上小披屋林立,到处乱七八糟地堆放着木板包装箱、晒翘了的木材、废弃的汽车轮胎、摇摇欲坠的鸡笼子、一卷一卷的带刺的铁丝和锈迹斑斑的洋铁罐。