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英语高级语法教程

(2013-03-04 23:13:09)
标签:

英语语法

分类: 求学路途
内容目录:

英语句子的结构分类:简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句

一、简单句

二、并列句

三、复合句

四、并列-复合句子

主从复合句——主语从句、表语从句、宾语 从句

一、主语从句

二、表语从句

三、宾语从句





英语句子的结构分类:简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句

在前面各讲中所说的肯定句、否定句、各种疑问句、感叹句等,是根据句子的作用来划分的。今天,我们再学习一种新的分类方法:即根据句子的内部结构,特别是句子与句子之间的关系来划分的方法。根据句子结构,可以分为三种主要类型:简单句、并列句、复合句,另外还有一种叫并列-复合句子

要搞懂英语句子结构分类,有一点首先必须明白:即什么是“句子”?句子的概念有两层含义:一是它能表达一个清晰、完整的意思反过来讲,只要能表达一个清晰、完整的意思的语言单位,不论是长是短,哪怕是一个单词,也算作是一个句子。这是从意义方面来说的二是句子的结构完整所谓“完整”,最核心的是一个句子应该有“主语、谓语”。也就是说,有主语、有谓语的语言单位就是一个句子。这就是从句子结构方面来分的,也是从句子语法成份方面来划分的。我们所讲的简单句、并列句、复合句都是从主语、谓语来判定句子类型的。

如果按照句子的结构分类,英文句子可分为三种类型:简单句(Simple Sentence),并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)

一、简单句

简单句的定义是:或者只有一个主语,或者只有一个谓语。为什么说“或者”呢?因为简单句可以只有一个主语,但有几个谓语;或者可以有几个主语,但只有一个谓语。这样一分,简单句就有三种形式了。

1、只有一个主语、一个谓语,再加上其它成份。例如:

Light travels faster than sound.

光比声传播速度快。

The film is not interesting.

这部电影没有意思。

Can you finish the work in time?

你能按时完成工作吗?

2、只有一个主语,但有几个谓语,再加上其它成份。例如:

The boys were running, shouting and laughing.

男孩们一边跑,一边笑,一边喊叫着。

You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time.

你不能既听音乐,同时又背诵东西。

Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention by people.

计算机对人类社会意味着很多东西,并越来越受到人们的重视。

3、有几个主语,但只有一个谓语,再加上其它成份。例如:

He and I live in the same house.

他和我住在同一幢房子里。

China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects.

中国和中国人民在以非常的速度日益进步。

二、并列句

所谓并列句,它有两个或两上的简单句连接而成,也就是它有两个互相搭配的主谓、主谓结构这两个简单句说的是两个人或事物,最重要的是这两个人或事物之间的关系,是两个相对独立的,不存在谁主要、谁次要的关系,这就是“并列”的含义。当然,要说明一点的是:这里所说的“相对独立、并列”,是指语法结构上的独立和并列,而并不是说它们在意义上没有联系。如果意义上根本没有联系,就没有必要把两个句子并列在一起,而可以分别写成两个简单句了。并列句可以大致分为以下三类:

1、两个句子之间是平行的关系

用下列词连结的句子,是平行关系:and, or, eitheror, neither / nor, not onlybut (also), bothand, as well as 等,以及用分号连接的句子

She came to my house yesterday evening, and I went to hers.

昨晚她来我家了,我却去她家了。

Do it this way or you'll be in trouble.

你就这么办,不然你会有麻烦的。

Either you tell him the truth , or I do it.

不是你告诉他事实,就是我来告诉。

He doesn't know your address, neither / nor do I.

他不知道你的地址,我也不知道。

The moon went down; the sun rose.

月亮落下去,太阳升起来了。

2、两句之间是转折关系

用下列词连结的句子是转折关系: but , yet , however , nevertheless 等。

Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself.

一切都是身外之物,只用健康属于自己。

He has learned English for only one year, yet he can communicate with people in English.

他才学一年英文,但已能用英文与人交往了。

John has his shortcomings; however, that doesn't mean he is not qualified for the job.

约翰有缺点,但这不等于说他不胜任这份工作。

3、两句之间是因果关系

用下列词连结的句子是因果关系:so , therefore , hence 等。特别要说明一点,英语中表示因果关系的连词很多,如because, since, as 等等,但它们属于主、从复合句,只有so , therefore , hence 等表示因果关系的句子才是并列句。至于为什么so 是,because 不是,你自己分析吧。不分析也行。

You'd better take an umbrella with you, for it's going to rain.

要下雨了,你最好带把伞。

I've got a meeting to attend, so I have to go now.

我要去开个会,我得走了。

You are in the right, therefore we should support you.

你是对的,所以我们该支持你。

The town was built on the side of a hill, hence it's named Hillside.

这个小镇建在山旁,所以叫"山旁"

三、复合句

复合句也是由两个或两个以上的句子连结而成的。但与并列句不同的是,这两个句子不仅在意义上“紧密”联系,在语法结构上也是“紧密”联系在一起的。“紧密”的程度达到了:两个句子谁也离不了谁,如果分开了,不仅语法结构不完整,而且句子的意思也不完整。这是其一。

在复合句中,两个句子之间虽然联系紧密,但其中有一个主要的句子,它是全句的中心所在,而另一个句子是次要的、从属的,它只是主要句子中的一个成份。主要的句子就叫“主句”(Main Clause),从属的句子就叫“从句”(Subordinate Clause)。所以,有的书干脆把复合句叫做“主、从复合句”。

我们在分析英语长句子的时候,首先要弄清楚主句的主、谓、宾、定、状、补等成份,然后再分析其中主语可能又是一个从句,那它就叫“主语从句”,主语从句只是主要句子的一个成份即主语。同样的方法,在确定了主句的主、谓、宾等之后,其中宾语可能是一个从句,它就叫宾语从句,换句话说,宾语从句虽然也是一个句子,但它只是主要句子里的一个宾语成份。

这样的分析,说起来似乎有点儿拗口,但它却是我们理解、掌握复合句的最关键之处。如果这个没搞不清楚,主从复合句可能越学越糊涂。所以,大家一定要仔细体会、用心理解。

概括一下,主、从复合句有两个特点:一是如果主句与从句分开单独说的话,两句的意思都不完整;二是从句虽然是一个句子,但它只是主要句子里的某个成份。

英语句子的成份有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。从句除了不能做谓语之外,它可以做任何成分,因而就有了主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等等名称。关于各种从句的用法特点,将在有关从句的章节里再作详细介绍。这里,我们给各种从句举一些实例,让大家先有个总的印像。

1. 主语从句

Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference to me.

他来与不来对我都一样。

Whether we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided

我们是否要为这个项目还没有定下来。

[] It has not been decided whether we'll make a loan for the project.

2. 表语从句

China is not what it used to be.

中国不是它过去的样子了。

What he needs is to practice more.

他所需要的是勤于练习。

3. 宾语从句

I have no idea about whether I can raise the money for buying a car.

我不知道我是否能为买车筹措到资金。

There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.

什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。

4. 定语从句

Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government.

税款是人们支持政府而交的钱。

5. 状语从句

Because they talk at home while the television is on, many people think they can talk at movies as well.

许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话,所以他们认为在电影院也可以如此。

6. 同位语从句

Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ?

有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品?

四、并列-复合句子

并列-复合句子,指并列句、复合句混合在一个句子里,英语叫Compound-Complex Sentence。或者说,一个句子里包含着多种关系:既有并列关系,又有复合关系例如:

I admire Tim, but he doesn't admire me, although I try hard to impress him.

我羡慕Ti m, 但他并不羡慕我,尽管我努力想给他留下好印像。

12两句是并列关系,而12与第3句之间又是主、从复合句关系。

Even if you fail, at least you tried, and you're a better person for it.

即使你失败了,但至少你试过了,而且你是做这件事的理想人选。

12两句是主、从复合关系,而12与第3句之间是并列关系。

My parents are coming tomorrow, but I hope they won’t stay very long, because I have a date tomorrow night.

我父母亲明天要来了,但我希望他们不要在这儿呆太久,因为我明晚有个约会。

12两句是并列关系,而12与第3句之间是主、从复合关系。

主从复合句——主语从句、表语从句、宾语 从句

从这一讲开始,我们将系统地介绍英语各类从句。要学好从句,首先一定要明白两个要点:一是句子的成份,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等;二是什么叫主句、从句。如果你对这两个概念还不清楚,请先阅读“新E网校”初级课程《英语句子成份》和中级教程《英语句子的结构分类》两篇文章。这里,把从句的有关概念再重点地讲一下。

1.从句本身也是一个句子

从主、谓角度来看,从句也有自己的主语、谓语及其它成份。实际上,从语法结构来分析,从句本身也是一个句子,从句可以是简单句、并列句,甚至从句本身也是复合句。最重要的一点是,从句只是全句(复合句)中的某一个成份。

2.从句都用关联词引导

从句都有一个引导词(关联词)开头,这个关联词又分为关系副词和关系代词两种。以后我们将专门归纳一下关联词的分类和用法。这里大家了解从句用关联词引导或用关联词开头就行了。关联词中,除了that 在某些情况下没什么意义,其它关联词本身都有意义,而且关联词属于从句的一部分,如:that, whether, who, which, when, where, how, why, if, because, since 等等。

3.从句一般情况下都是陈述句

从句的引导词,除了少部分特殊情况外,都是用我们学过的疑问词开头,如 whether, who, which, when, where, how, why 等。不过,在主、从复合句里,这些词不叫疑问词了,而称为关联词。并且,从句都不是疑问句,而全部改用陈述句,即改用肯定句或否定句的结构。

一、主语从句

1、主语从句的基本用法

全句(复合句)的主语部分是一个从句,这个从句就叫主语从句。换句话,从句在全句中做主语成份。引导主语从句的关联词有 that, whether, who, which, when, where, how, why 等。例如:

What is needed is careful preparation.

现在需要的是认真准备。

Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

她是否来并不重要。

Who will go makes no difference.

谁去都一样。

Which team will win the match is still not certain.

哪个队会赢还不能肯定。

When they will start has not been decided yet.

他们什么时候动身还没有决定。

How this happened is not clear.

这是怎么发生的还不清楚。

Why he did that wasn’t quite clear.

他为什么那样做还很不清楚。

Whoever says that is not allowed.

无论谁这样说都是不允许的。

2、主语从句的注意事项

(1) That...引导的主语从句

that 可以引导名词性从句,当然可以引导主语从句。That 在从句中单纯只是个引导词,表示后面是从句,本身没什么意义,但不能省略。这一点比较特殊。例如:

That light travels in straight lines is known to all.

众所周知,光线沿直线运行。

That there is no elevator in the building is the critical inconvenience.

幢楼里没有电梯是极大的不便之处。

That she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.

她成为了一个艺术家也许是因为受到了她父亲的影响。

That she reads English aloud every morning helps her a lot in the improvement of her English study.

她每天早晨朗读英文对提高她的英语学习起了很大的作用。

(2) It +谓语部分 +主语从句

英语句子一般要求是“前短后长”或者叫“前轻后重”,这叫保持句子平衡。像上面以that 开头的主语从句,前面有个主语从句就显得很长,而且读起来有点拗口。在这种情况下,一般都采用 It +谓语部分 +主语从句”的结构。it 叫做“形式主语”,用来代替后面的主语从句,这样就符合英语“前短后长”的习惯了。当主语从句比较长的时候,一般都可以采用“It +谓语部分 +主语从句”的结构。翻译中文的时候,it 根据具体情况进行翻译。例如:

It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.

毫无疑问,他在化学上有了一个重要发现。

It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.

很可能他们将举行一次会议。

It is strange that he should do that.

他要做那件事,真是很奇怪。

It remains a question whether he'll come or not.

他是否会来,依然是一个问题。

It doesn't matter much where we live.

我们住什么地方无所谓。

[注意1] 请看清楚下面句子的真正结构是什么。

It is said that he has gone to Shanghai. (=He is said to have gone to Shanghai)

据说他去了上海。

It seems that he has seen the film. (=He seems to have seen the film)

似乎他看过了那部影片。

It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)

恰巧两个骗子在那儿。

[注意2] what 开头的主语从句一般都放在句首,而不改用“It +形容词/名词 +主语从句” 的结构。

What they need now is financial aid.

他们现在所需要的是经济援助。

What she thinks of me doesn't mean much to me.

她怎么样看我,对我来说无所谓。

What you have said hurt her a lot.

你所说的话对她伤害很大。

(3) It +谓语部分 +主语从句”结构中的虚拟语气问题

这个问题与主语从句也沾点儿边,所以稍微提一下。虚拟语气的详细用法请参看本站有关文章。

在“It...+主语从句” 结构中,有一类是It + be +形容词/ 名词 + that 从句的结构。如果其中的“形容词/ 名词” 是下面的词,则 that 从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟形式。这些形容词/ 名词常见的有:essential (绝对必要的), important (重要的), advisable (明智的), desirable (希望能够的), imperative (必须的), natural (自然的), necessary必要的), regretful (遗憾的), strange (奇怪的), proper (适当的), urgent (紧急的), duty (义务、责任), a pity (遗憾), no wonder (难怪), a regret (遗憾) 。例如:

It is necessary (that) he have his further study in college.

他在大学进一步深造是完全必要的。

It is strange that he (should) say so.

他居然会这样说,真是奇怪。

It is a great pity that you (should) think so.

他居然会这样想,真是一件憾事。

It is natural that a bird (should) rest in trees.

鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。

It is a wonder that he should have passed the exam.

他这次考试居然会及格,真是个奇迹。

[主语从句巩固练习题]

一、将下列句子翻译成中文

1. What we need is more time.

2. Where will they hold the meeting is not known.

3. Why he was late for class is not clear.

4. Which kinds of books they will buy needs considering.

5. Whether he will come to see me doesn’t matter much.

二、根据提示,完成下列句子

1. (谁将去接他)_____________ is not decided.

2. (哪个班级会赢得这场足球赛)________ is not clear so far.

3. (他能否买到飞机票)________________ doesn't matter much.

4. (我们如何去那里)_________________ is a question.

5. (你刚才告诉我的)________________ was really a surprise.

6. (他什么时候出国)_________________ is being discussed

7. (他为什么哭)_________________ is not clear.

8. It is clear__________(他是一个运动员).

9. (你要请谁)_____________ is not important.

10. (我们将在哪里举行篮球赛)__________________ is not clear.

[参考答案]

1. Who will bring him back

2. Which class will win the football game

3. Whether he can buy the plane ticket

4. How we go there

5. What you told me just now

6. When he go aboard

7. Why he cried

8. That he is a sportsman

9. Whom you will invite

10. Where we will hold the basketball game

二、表语从句

句子中的表语部分是个从句,称为表语从句。

1、表语从句的基本用法

表语从句主要用于“主语+系动词+表语从句”的复合句中。表语从句除可用that, what, when, why, whether, how 等引导外,还可由because, as if (though)等引导。例如:

The problem is where we can hold our meeting.

问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。

The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed.

其原因是水的温度低于所需要的温度。

That is what he really wants.

那就是他真想要的东西。

Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.

最重要的是记住:在美洲没有一种共同的生活模式。

[注意] 能接表语的系动词不只是一个be 动词,其它词也能接表语从句。

He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.

他实现了十年前的愿望。

She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.

她在我昨天站的地方呆了一个小时。

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.

他看起来还与十年前一样。

2、表语从句的注意事项

(1) It + 系动词 + 表语从句

下面的例句,形式上很像 It +形容词/名词 +主语从句”的结构,但它们不是。它们是“It + 系动词 + 表语从句”的结构,其中it 是主语,look/seem 等是系动词。例如:

It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.

这看起来像是:成功的国际文化交流会拉近世界人民的距离。

It seems that everything goes smoothly.

似乎一切都进行得很顺利。

(2) 表示“是否”的表语从句要用whether,不可以用if (as if 例外)。

[错误] The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.

[正确] The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.

[正确] It looked as if he had understood this question.

[正确] All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.

(3) 主句主语为reason, 只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because. 例如:

The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

为什么会死在那里的原因是没有充足的食物供应。

[表语从句练习题]

1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.

A. that B. if C. when D. whether

2The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.

A. because B. that C. for D. because of

3. Go and get your coat. It’ s ________you left it

A. where B. there C. there where D. where there

4The problem is _________to take the place of Ted

A. who can we get B. what we can get

C. who we can get D. that we can get

5. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.

A. that B. if C. whether D./

6. The reason is_________ I missed the bus.

A. that B. when C. why D. what

7. That is __ ___ we were late last time.

A. that B. when C. why D. what

8. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.

A. that B. like C. as D. as though

9.—I fell sick!

--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.

A. why B. when C. what D. because

10. The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.

A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother’s being ill

C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill

11. —He was born here.

-- That is _______ he likes the place so much.

A. that B. what C. why D. how

12. That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.

A. what B. where C. that D. why

[参考答案] 1-5 DBACC 6-12 ACDDC CB

三、宾语从句

一、宾语从句基本概念

句子的宾语部分是个从句,称为宾语从句。宾语从句主要有两种情况: 一是用在及物动词后面,还有一个是用在介词后面。英语中,介词后面的成份也看作是宾语。例如:

1、及物动词后的宾语从句

Could you tell me who knows the answer, please

你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?

I believe that he will find a job in that publisher

我相信,他一定会在那家出版社找到工作。

2、介词后的宾语从句

He laughed at what they said.

她对他们说的话,一笑置之。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.

我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。

3、少数动词短语可接宾语从句

少数动词短语也可以带宾语从句,常见的这些短语有: make sure 确保, make up one’s mind 下决心, keep in mind 牢记, find out 查清,等。例如:

Please find out when the train starts.

请查一下火车什么时候开。

Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?

你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?

Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.

在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.

二、宾语从句分类

按照现在通行的分类方法,主要是根据宾语从句的引导词(关联词)来分类的。目前通常分为三类:

1、由连接代词引导的宾语从句

用于宾语从句的连接代词主要有who, whom , whose , what , whoever , whomever , whosever, whatever, whichever

Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?

I don’t know whom you should depend on.

我不知道你该依靠谁。

The book will show you what the best CEOs know.

这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么。

Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?

你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?

2、由连接副词引导的宾语从句

连接副词主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however, if, whether

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.

他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。

Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?

你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到。

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

我不知道是否还会有公交车.

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.

没人知道他是否会通过考试.

3、由that 引导的宾语从句

由于that 这个词比较特殊,有时候它只是单纯起关联作用,没什么意义,所以单独划成一类。

He told me that he would go to the college the next year

他告诉我他下一年上大学.

三、宾语从句的注意事项

宾语从句,是英语中使用广泛的一种从句。除了上面讲的一般用法之外,还有一些需要特别注意的地方。

1、主句与宾语从句的时态一致问题

英语复杂句中,主句与其它从句都存在时态吻合的问题,即主句动作与从句动作在时间先后上要相互吻合,即一致性问题。英语是非常注重动作时态的。这一点,在主句与宾语从句关系中显得更加突出。

(1) 主句是一般现在时

这时,从句使用现在和将来时间的各种时态。例如:

I don't know when he will come back.

我不知道他将何时回来。

He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.

他说他会留个纸条在我桌子上。

They know (that) he is working hard.

他们知道他很努力工作。

(2) 主句是过去时态

这时,从句要使用过去时间内的各种时态。例如:

The children didn't know who he was.

孩子们不知道他是谁。

He answered that he was listening to me.

他回答说他正在听我说话。

He had told me that he would join the club sometime.

他曾经告诉我说,他会在某个时候参加俱乐部的。

I remembered that I had met him somewhere.

我记得我曾在哪儿见过他。

She thought that she would have finished what she was doing by the end of the month.

她认为在那个月底她将完成她手头上做的事。

(3) 客观真理的时态

如果宾语从句所表示的是客观真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。例如:

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

老师说地球绕着太阳转。

She told me that her boyfriend is a professor.

她告诉我,她男友是一位教授。

Father told me that practice makes perfect

2、形式宾语it 的问题

形式宾语it 的问题,在不定式、动名词运用中都存在。当然,在宾语从句中也存在形式宾语it的问题。在动词find, feel, consider, make, believe 等后面有宾语补足语的时候, 通常需要用it做形式宾语,而将that宾语从句放在句子的后面。

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .

我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.

I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.

我没去聚会, 感觉非常遗憾.

I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

我每天写日记成了习惯.

但是,如果宾语从句是wh-,则不用形式宾语it. 例如:

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.

我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.

We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.

我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.

3、否定前移

在主句是 think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect 等动词时,主句为否定形式,而宾语从句用肯定形式。这叫做“否定前移”。注意:这一点与中文不同。例如:

I don’t think he will come to my party.

我认为他不会来我的舞会.

注意:反意问句时以主句的否定式为主,包括never 等否定词在内,反意问句用肯定。例如:

I don't believe they have finished their work yet, have they?

我不认为他们已经完工了,是吗?

We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he?

我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课, 是不是?

4、宾语从句用虚拟语气

在少数动词后面,要求用虚拟语气。这些动词有command (命令), demand (要求), desire (希望), insist (坚持), order (命令), propose (提议), recommend (推荐), request (要求), require (要求), suggest (建议),等。例如:

I suggested that you (should) study hard.

我建议你要努力学习。

He ordered that we should go out at once.

他命令我们立即出去。

He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan.

他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限。

5、宾语从句的语序

绝大多数情况下,宾语从句都用肯定语句,即使是表示疑问的意思也用肯定语句。例如:

你能告诉我最近的邮局在哪儿?

[正确] Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?

[错误] Can you tell me where is the nearest post office?

你知道他在哪个班吗?

[正确] Do you know which class he is in

[错误] Do you know which class is he in?

老师问我们房间里有多少人。

[正确] The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room

还有一点就是,如果一般疑问句中含有who, which, what 等宾语从句的时, 常常将who, which, what 等移到句首。例如:

你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.

[正确] Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?

[错误] Do you think who the public might choose as...?

请注意:下面的宾语从句仍然是肯定句,疑问词what等在从句中作主语。例如:

The small children don't know what is in their stockings

这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西。

He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class

他问我们班上谁的书法最好

 

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