加载中…大耳朵课堂新概念第二册第28课SUL老师2011-09-24上课笔记和录音
(2011-09-24 23:12:18)
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大耳朵英语新概念二上课录音上课笔记教育 |
分类： 双语分享 |
Lesson 28 笔记
No
parking
禁止停车
Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient
myths. he has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since
he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. When he
returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a
car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get
his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up 'No
Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.
Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the
ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told
me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. jasper hopes that she will turn
cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to
stone yet!
New words and expressions 生词和短语
rare adj. 罕见的
ancient adj. 古代的，古老的
myth n. 神话故事
trouble n. 麻烦
effect n. 结果，效果
Medusa n. 美杜莎（古希腊神话中3位蛇发女怪这一）
Gorgon n. （古希腊神话中的）3位蛇发女怪这一（凡见其貌者都会变成石头）
参考译文
贾斯珀.怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一。他刚在城里买下一所新房子，但自从搬进去后，就和汽车及车主们发生了磨擦。当他夜里回到家时，总是发现有人把车停在他家大门外。为此，他甚至一次也没能把自己的车开进车库。贾斯珀曾把几块“禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外边，但没有任何效果。现在他把一个丑陋的石雕头像放在了大门上边，这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之一。我问他那是什么？他告诉我那是蛇发女怪美杜莎。贾斯珀希望她把汽车和车主们都变成石头。但到目前为止还没有一个变成石头呢！
Lesson 28
☆New words and expressions
rare bird 珍稀鸟类
rare illness 疑难杂症
scarce
少有的（在某一地方或某一时间段少有）
Watermelon is scarce in
winter
有关rare实用的表达方式
steak 牛排
well done 全熟
medium 半生半熟
rare 几乎是生的
☆ancient adj.古代的，古老的
ancient Egypt
古埃及
antique adj.古老而有价值的
n.古董
fairy
taale
☆trouble n.麻烦
woman/man troubles
女人/男人真麻烦
child troubles 孩子真麻烦
never trouble troubles until troubles trouble you
永远不要自寻烦恼
Let sleeping dog lie. 不要自找麻烦
ask for trouble 自找麻烦
He is asking for trouble. 他自找麻烦
I'm sorry to put you in trouble.
我很抱歉给你带来麻烦（口语）
have trouble in doing sth. 在做某事上遇到了麻烦
I have trouble (in) parking the car
question, problem, trouble,
matter的区别：
question指客观存在的“迷惑、疑问”，对什么事物持有怀疑态度
problem指客观存在的和遇到的疑问题目，偶然指较严峻的题目，会引起问题的，令人困扰的人或事情 solve，work out
trouble指遇到的“费事、题目”，指存在并有点棘手的题目，引起苦恼(或危险、困难等)的人(或环境、事件)；讨厌的人(或事)
matter表现“事变，费事”，指具有某种特性的事例，有争议的问题
You haven't answered my question.
a key problem： 一个要害题目
They are discussing how to solve the problem.
他们正在讨论怎样处理这个题目。
Trouble seems to be developing both in the cities and in the
villages.都会和乡村好象都在酝酿着费事的事端。
This is a matter of no account.
I can't see the visitors right now. I have an urgent matter to
attend to.
如今我不克不及访问主人,由于我有一件急事要办。
It is still a serious matter that some people drive after having
drunk.一些人酒后驾车依然是一个严峻的题目。
☆
☆
☆
have an effect 有效果
have no effect 没有效果
have effect on 对...有效果
The advice has no effect on me.
【课文讲解】
1、Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths.
one of +名词/代词
One of your friends is waiting for you now.
如果在定语从句中出现了one of作为先行词, 它后边的关系代词指代的是后面的复数名词；如果在 one of前面还有一修饰词 (the) only,那么后边的关系代词将指代one这个词, 才作单数看
He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.
one of
One of the answers is ture.
One of those people is good.
believe
Do you believe that cats eat grass?
believe
in
2、He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners.
ever since
=since
since,for辨析
Since用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度
I have lived here since I was born.
I have lived here for ten years.
但是并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时
I lived here for ten years.（暗含我现在已经不住在这里的意思）
I have lived here for ten years.(暗含我现在仍在这里工作的意思）
because,since ,as，for辨析
1 because：语气最强，用来回答why提出的问题，表直接原因，可用来引导表语从句，用于强调句中,其余三者不行
Why didn't come here on time?
This is because I walked a wrong way.
It is because I missed the bus that I was late.
2 since,as:表示的原因是已知的，是对已知事实提供理由，而不是表示直接原因，两者通常置于句首，since比as语气稍强，也略为正式,而且，since课用于省略句
As you know,I will make a promise.
Since you are not here,you ought to make a promise.
Since so,I won't make any promise.
3 for：并列连词，其余三者是从属连词，它可表示因果关系，通常置于主句之后，可与because交换使用，也可表对前面分句的解释推断，放在主句之后，但是不可与because交换使用
Her bedroom is empty,for=because she didn't come back home last night.
She must didn't come back home last night,for her bedroom is empty.
have trouble
doing
have trouble with
sb.
I have trouble with my roommate.
3 When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate.
return home: 返回家，一般没有感情色彩
come back home ：回家，主要因为有个come，显出有个回家的强烈愿望，有“终于回来了”的感觉come back 别人在某处，回到你所在的位置
go home：就是去家，没指出是自己本人回家还是叫别人去自己家
go back ＝＝ get back 你在某处想回到某出时用
in the morning 每天早上
in the afternoon 每天下午
at night 每天晚上
park a car 停车
4、Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.
because只能作连词用，后面接从句
because
of
be able to 的主语一般都是人, 表示有能力去做；can表示天生的或学到的能力时，只能用于现在时和过去时（could），而不可用于将来时。将来时中表示能力时必须用be able to。在现在时和过去时中，can/could与be able to一般可以互换，在完成时中一般用be able to。
get sth.
into
get his car into his garage
drive the car
into
I drove the car into the wall /tree.
even
once
5、It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.
“I have ever seen” 做定语从句, 修饰前边的faces
如果关系词在从句中做宾语, 关系词可以省略, 所以
I 前的which被省略
This is the most difficult thing I have ever done.
This is the most terrible news I have ever heard.
6、Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone.
hope 的后面加that从句
turn sth.
to…
turn the prince to a frog
He was turned to a frog.
They have turned the famous beauty spot to/into an ugly place.
6、But none of them has been turned to stone yet!
none of，neither of做主语时做单数看待
either; neither; all; none; both; each;
every辨析（转）
either: 两者中的任一个
----Shall I come on Tuesday or Wednesday?
---- Either day is OK.
也(用于否定句末，代替肯定句中的too, as well, also)。
He is not a worker, I am not either.
either...or...要么……要么……，或者……或者……
Either you or I am right. 连接主语动词用“就近原则”。
neither 两者都不
Neither of them knows me.他俩谁也不认识我。
neither...nor...既不……也不……
He has neither money nor time. 它既没有钱，也没有时间。
all 全、都（三者以上），既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。
All the books are useful to us.
All knowledge comes from practice.
all与否定词not连用为“部分否定”，表示“不是所有的……都……”
I don't know all of them. 他们当中我并不都认识。
All don't agree with you. = Not all agree with you. 并非所有人都同意你。
both 两者都
You can take both of them.两个你都可以拿去。
与否定词连用表示“部分否定”。
I don't know both of them.他俩我并非都认识。
both...and...双方都……
He can both sing and dance.他能歌善舞。
none一个也没有（三者以上全部否定）
None of them has a bike. 他们谁也没有自行车。
none作主语谓语动词单复数均可。
代替上文中出现过的名词，表示“什么也没有”，此时不能用nothing。
----How many apples are there in the fridge?
----None.
each各自，每一(用于两者或两者以上)
Each of us has a new pen.= We each have a new pen.
与not连用表示“部分否定”。
Each of them doesn't swim.他们并非都游泳。
every每个（用于三者或三者以上）不能与of 连用，只能说each of 或every one of
every(包括由every构成的everyone, everything 等不定代词）与not 连用表示“部分否定”。“并非每个都……”
Every student is not able to swim.不是每个学生都会游泳。
Not everybody went there.未必人人去那里。
总结：
1. 涉及两者之间关系的词有either, neither, both, each；涉及三者或三者以上的词有：none, all, every。（除了这几个词之外，还有几个词也涉及“二”、“三”，如between(两者之间）、among（三者以上之间），the other(两者中的另一个）
2. 能与of 连用的是either, neither, both, all, none, each；不能与of 连用的是every，但every one可与of连用。
3. both, every, each, both, all与not 连用均表示“部分否定”，无论not的位置在前还是在后。全部否定的词只有none, neither, none表示三者以上全部否定，neither表示两者之间全部否定。
4. 两者之间的“有无关系”有三种：
neither A nor
B
both A and B
either A or B
【Key structures】
Wht has happened? 现在完成时
与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语：before(now)，so far，up to/till now，just，already，now，ever，never，since和for 等，since一般与一个时间点连用，for一般与时间段连用。
【Special Difficulties】
关系从句及关系代词
关系从句又可称为定语从句或形容词从句，它像形容词一样可以形容人、物及事件。关系从句可分为限定性关系从句（不带逗号）和非限定性关系从句（带逗号）。
表示人的关系代词：who，whom，that，whose（口语中whom经常由who代替）
表示事物和动物的关系代词：which，that
☆定语从句
定语从句 句子作定语，一般放在被修饰词后。
关系代词：who,whom,which,that
who 在从句当中作主语或做宾语
whom 只能在从句当中做宾语
which 指物，既可以作主语，又可以作宾语
that 即可以指物，又可以指人，既可以作主语也可以作宾语。
whose 后面一定要加一个名词， 然后这个部分共同作主语或宾语
关系代词有两个功能，一是承上，一是启下
☆如果关系代词在从句中作宾语，关系代词可以省略。
关系代词可以有四个概念 :
① 代人的, 做主语或宾语who，只做宾语的whom
② 代物的, 做主语或宾语
③ 代人的也可以代物的
④ whose其代表的东西由其在句子中的成分决定(不一定指人)
关系代词后面要加从句，先行词放在定语从句前面, 而且是两句话共同含有的词, 还是被定语从句修饰的词
I have a book that/which he likes.( “book”
为先行词
关系代词有两个功能 : 一是承上, 一是启下(如上句中的
The boy who is standing at the door is my brother.
I can do anything that I can
do.
The boat whose name is...
I have a house whose windows are
broken.
关系代词在关系从句中作宾语时往往可以省略，作主语时则不可以。
whose 后面一定要加一个名词, 然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语
The boy whose sister is standing at the door is my
brother.
妹妹站在门口的男孩是我弟弟
The pilot whose plane landed in a field was not
hurt.
把飞机降落在田里的飞行员没有受伤
He is the right person I am looking for.
Exersise(在需要的地方填上who, which, that或whose)
1 The only games ______ I play are football and tennis.
不填
先行词如果用only, 序数词, 形容词最高级修饰, 其后边的关系词只用that
2 This is the hotel at ______ we are staying.
which
介词后加物的话, 只加which,加人的话, 用whom, 都不可用that,who也不能
She is the girl who/whom/that I stayed with.
(句中
She is the girl with whom I stayed.
That is the house in which I live.
3 That is the horse ______ won the race.
which
选which , 不能用that，句子中用词避免重复, 句首已有了一个
Who is the man that is helping
you?
4 He is the sort of person ______ everyone admires.
不填 person 是先行词, 在从句中做宾语
笔记链接http://home.ebigear.com/blog-3256188-57867.html
新概念第二册第28课录音—SUL老师2011年9月24日 http://bbs.ebigear.com/thread-212475-1-1.html
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