过去分词与形容词作状语讲解与练习 

一、过去分词的特征 

1．及物动词的过去分词既表被动，也表完成。

The books, written by Lu Xun(=which were written by Lu Xun), are popular with many Chinese people．鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多国人的喜爱。

2．不及物动词的过去分词只表完成，不表被动。

  The boy is gathering fallen leaves(=leaves that have fallen)．小男孩正在收集落叶。

二、过去分词的句法功能

  过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。

1．作表语。过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。

  He is quite pleased with the design of the dress．他很喜欢那礼服的式样。(表示主语的心理感觉)

  Don’t touch the glass because it is broken．不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。(表示主语所处的状态)

  The shops have remained shut for a week．这些商店关门一周了。

 【点津】 过去分词作表语时，形式上和动词的被动语态结构相似， 但两者表达的意义不同。由过去分词作表语构成的系表结构强调主语的特点或所处的状态，构成被动语态的过去分词．则强调动作。

  The book is well written．这本书写得很好。(系表结构，表示主语的特点)

  The book was written by Lu Xun．这本书是鲁迅写的。 (被动结构，表示动作)

2．作定语。单个过去分词作定语常放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语放在被修饰词的后面。

   polluted water    被污染的水

a broken glass    一个被打破的玻璃杯

   a trained nurse    一名训练有素的护士

   the risen sun    升起了的太阳

   We only sell used books in our bookstore． 我们书店只卖用过的书。

   They bought a new machine made in Shanghai． 他们买了一台上海产的新机器。

 【点津】

  (1) 有些单个的过去分词，像left (剩余的)．concerned (有关的)等，习惯上用作后置定语。

      standing room left    所剩的立足之地

      the people concerned    有关人士

  (2) 过去分词修饰something，anything，everything， nothing，anybody，somebody，nobody，everybody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。

     Those invited will be present at the meeting tomorrow．

     被邀请的那些人要出席明天的会议。(invited作those的定语需后置)

3．作补足语。作宾补的过去分词一般都来自及物动词，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的有：see，hear，watch，feel，think，find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词和have，make，get等使役动词，以及with的复合结构。

    The boy found himself lost in the forest． 那个男孩发现自己在森林里迷路了。

    When you are making a speech，you should speak louder to make yourself heard．

     在作报告时，你应该大点声使自己被人听清。

    He sat there，with his hands tied behind．他坐在那里，手被捆在后面。

  【点津】 由主动语态变为被动语态后，原来的宾语补足语即成为主语补足语。

    One of the glasses was found broken．有人发现其中一个杯子破了。

    They should be kept informed of the situation there．应该让他们知道那儿的形势。

4．作状语。过去分词作状语时与现在分词一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

(1) 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。

      When completed．the museum will be open to the public next year.

      博物馆竣工后，明年将对大众开

(2) 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

      Encouraged by the speech，the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle．

      受到了演讲的鼓舞，年轻人决定从事斗争。

(3) 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。

      Given another chance，he will do better．再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。

(4) 表示让步，相当于一个though／although引导的让步状语从句。

      Laughed at by many people，he continued his study．

尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

(5) 表示方式或伴随情况。

      The old man went into the room，supported by his wife．

那个老人在他妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。

【点津】

(1) 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态。通常情况下，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，也就是说，过去分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系。

When asked why he came here，the boy kept silent．

当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。(过去分词asked与句子的主语the boy之间构成被动关系)

(2) 动词的过去分词的一些固定结构也可在句中作状语，但不受后面句子的主语限制，也就是说，该过去分词不和主语构成被动关系。

Provided(that)there is no opposition，we shall hold the meeting there．

如果没有人反对，我们将在那里开会。(provided在此充当连词，意为“如果，只要”，等于providing)

三、充当形容词的现在分词和过去分词的区别

    充当形容词的现在分词和过去分词在用法上有许多相似之处，它们的主要区别如下：

1．现在分词常用来修饰物，说明主语的性质或特征，意为“令人……”。

     The news was really exciting．这消息真是令人激动。

2．过去分词常用来修饰人，说明主语所处的状态，意为“感到……”。

     She was too disappointed to say a word．她太失望了，说不出一句话。

 【点津】过去分词也可修饰与人直接有关的事物。如：expression, look, face等。

     The boy looked up with a pleased expression．男孩抬起头，露出了欣喜的神情。

●●考点例析

◆◆ 考点一：过去分词作定语与不定式(to be done) 和现在分词(being done)作定语的区别。

(1) 过去分词作定语表示一个被动或者完成的动作；

(2) 不定式一般式的被动语态表示一个将要被做的动作；

(3) 现在分词一般式的被动语态表示一个正在被做的动作。

试比较：

a bridge built last year 一座去年修建的大桥

a bridge to be built next year 一座下一年将要修建的大桥

a bridge being built now 一座正在修建的大桥

◆◆ 考点二：在with复合结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语与其他非谓语动词作补足语的区别。

    在with复合结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语之间被动和完成的关系；现在分词与宾语时主动关系；而不定式表示将来发生的动作。

◆◆ 考点三：系动词后接过去分词作表语的用法表状态的系动词如remain等后接过去分词作表语的用法由过去分词作表语构成的系表结构强调主语的特点和所处的状态，此时过去分词已形容词化。高考中常考查remain后接过去分词作表语的用法。

基础题训练与高考题精练

一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空

1. The experience ___________ (gain) will be of great value for us.

2. He continued to walk up and down，___________ (lost) in thought．

3. We are also learning that truthful information，humanely(仁慈地) ___________ (convey)，helps patients cope with illness．

4. With the problem___________ (solve)，the meeting came to an end.

5. Everything ___________ (consider), it is possible for their factory to raise the output quickly．

6. On these questions，we have made our views ___________ (understand)．

7. When ___________ (turn) on，the radio still does not work．

8. Once___________ (recover)，he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.

9. ___________ (see) his mother，the baby burst into laughter．

10. Returning home，the woman found all the windows ___________ (break)．

二、过去分词高考题

1. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海)

       A. recorded               B. recording               C. to be recorded          D. having recorded

2. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases______ only to people with specific knowledge. (02上海)

A. being known            B. having been known   C. to be known            D. known

3. A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night.（04江苏）

       A. advised                 B. attended             C. attempted          D. admitted

4. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses ________ vacation to China. (05北京)

A. paying                      B. paid                         C. to be paid                 D. being paid

5. There have been several new events ________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. （2006北京卷）

     A. add                          B. to add                      C. adding                      D. added

6 Five people won the “China’s Green Figure’ award, a title ____ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. （2006山东卷）

    A. being given           B. is given                 C. given                     D. was given

7. “Things ______ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.（07湖南卷）

     A. lost                         B. losing                      C. to lose                     D. have lost

8. The first textbooks_____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

     A. having written          B. to be written            C. being written            D. written   (1994)

9. The trees __________ in the storm have been moved off the road. （08湖南卷）

      A. being blown down    B. blown down             C. blowing down          D. to blow down

10. The players ______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.

A. selecting             B. to select         C. selected      D. having selected  (11湖南)

11. We finished the run in less than half the time ________.（08江西卷）

A. allowing                  B. to allow                   C. allowed                   D. allows

12. It is one of the funniest things ___________ on the Internet so far this year. （08浙江卷）

     A. finding                    B. being found                     C. to find                     D. found

13. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well     ____  .  （05湖北卷）

A. to spend                   B. spent                        C. being spent              D. spending

14. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions     ?（09全国卷I）

A. taking                B. take                    C. taken             D. to take

15. I'm calling to enquire about the position  ______    in yesterday's China Daily.

A. advertised           B. to be advertised       C. advertising            D. having advertised www.ks5u.com/gaokao/beijing

16. The murderer was brought in, with his hands__________ behind his back. (91)

A. being tied                 B. having tied               C. to be tied                 D. tied

17. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see______ the next year. (2000)

    A. carry out                 B. carrying out             C. carried out                      D. to carry out

18. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English       in a short period. [2007 福建卷]

A. improved                  B. improving                 C. to improve           D. improve

19. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words. （2011浙江卷）

A. lose                         B. lost                         C. to lose                     D. having lost

20. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.（2011重庆卷）

A. reminding             B. to remind                  C. reminded           D. remind

21. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _______ with her stories.

      A. amused                   B. amusing            C. to amuse           D. to be amused （10上海）

22. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents      . 

A. worried                    B. to worry                   C. worrying                  D. worry （04重庆）

23. The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it. (2002广东)

A. begins                     B. having begun            C. beginning                 D. begun

24. ____________ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. (1984)

A. Followed                                              B. Followed by

C. Being followed                                          D. Having been followed by

25. When first______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.  （04全国II）

       A. introducing               B. introduced                C. introduce                  D. being introduced

26. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国IV）

       A. questioning               B. have questioned         C. questioned                D. to be questioned

27. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect. (2003上海)

A. when taking             B. when taken              C. when to take            D. when to be taken

28.        with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.（04湖北）

A. Compare                  B. When comparing       C. Comparing               D. When compared

29. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （05湖北卷）

A. Being separated                                            B. Having separated      

C. Having been separated                                  D. To be separated

30. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（05湖南卷） 

A. Dressed               B. To dress              C. Dressing               D. Having dressed

31. ______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （05上海卷）

A. Put                        B. Putting                  C. Having put             D. Being put

32. ______for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.（06福建）

A. Blaming                 B. Blamed                 C. To blame          D. To be blamed

33. ______ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green house.（07浙江卷）

     A. Driven                     B. Being driven             C. To drive                  D. Having driven

34. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests. (08上海卷)

A. locating                  B. being located             C. having been located   D. located

35. _________ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. （09江西卷22）

      A. Giving                  B. Having given         C. To give               D. Given

36. ________with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. (05北京春)

A. To face                   B. Having faced            C. Faced                      D. Facing

37. ________ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.（09福建）

      A. Reminding           B. Reminded             C. To remind            D. Having reminded

38. No matter how frequently          , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. （2006广东卷）

A. performed          B. performing        C. to be performed     D. being performed

39. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ___­­______ at the end of last March. (07山东)

     A. has been launched                                     B. having been launched

C. being launched                                        D. to be launched

40. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day.（07重庆） 

A. finishing                  B. finished                   C. had finished             D. were finished

41. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained      abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.(2010)

A. sticking                    B. stuck                       C. to be stuck               D. to have stuck

 

 

Keys: 1-5 ADCBD     6-10 CADBC     11-15 CDBCA         16-20 DCABC

21-25 AADBB 26-30 CBDCA         31-35 ABADD         36-41 CBABBB

 

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