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新概念一册Lesson 31-32讲解

(2012-03-20 16:59:23)
标签:

教育

分类: 教育

新概念一册Lesson 31-32讲解

Lesson 31  Where's Sally?   萨莉在哪里?
Lesson 32  What's he/she/it doing?  他/她/它正在做什么

Listen to the tape then answer this question. Is the cat climbing the tree?
听录音,然后回答问题。猫正在爬树吗?
JEAN: Where's Sally, Jack?
JACK: She's in the garden, Jean.
JEAN: What's the doing?
JACK: She's sitting under the tree.
JEAN: Is Tim in the garden, too?
JACK: Yes, he is.
      He's climbing the tree.
JEAN: I beg your pardon?
      Who's climbing the tree?
JACK: Tim is.
JEAN: What about the dog?
JACK: The dog's in the garden, too.
      It's running across the grass.
      It's running after a cat.
New Word and expressions 生词和短语
     garden  n.   花园
     under    prep.在……这下
     tree        n.  
     climb       v.   爬,攀登
     who       pron.谁
     run        v.  
     grass      n.   草,草地
     after       prep.在……之后
     across       prep.横过,穿过
     cat           n.  
New words and expressions生词和短语 
type v. 打字 
letter n. 信 
basket  n. 篮子 
eat / v. 吃 
bone  n. 骨头 
clean  v. 清洗 
tooth (复数teeth [ti:θ]) n. 牙齿 
cook  v. 做(饭菜) 
milk  n. 牛奶 
meal  n. 饭,一顿饭 
drink  v. 喝 
tap / n. (水)龙头 
 
参考译文
  琼:杰克,萨莉在哪儿?
杰克:她在花园里,琼。
  琼:她在干什么?
杰克:她正在树荫下坐着。
  琼:蒂姆也在花园里吗?
杰克:是的,他也在花园里。他正在爬树。
  琼:你说什么?谁在爬树?
杰克:蒂姆在爬树。
  琼:那么狗呢?
杰克:狗也在花园里。它正在草地上跑,
      在追一只猫。

1. garden

She's in the garden.Jean.
她在花园里,琼。
Mr. Brown has a beautiful garden.
布朗先生有个很漂亮的花园。
Who is in the garden now?
现在谁在花园里?

2. under

She's sitting under the tree.
她正在树荫下坐着。
A cat is sleeping under the desk.
一只猫正在桌子底下睡觉。
Please write your name under your photo.
请你在相片下面签名。

3. tree

Children love to climb trees.
小孩子很喜欢爬树。
There are many trees in the park.
公园里有很多树。

4. climb

He's climbing the tree.
他正爬树。
They climbed to the top of the mountain.
他们爬到了山顶上。
The boys are always climbing.
男孩子们总爬树。

5. who

Who's climbing the tree?
谁在爬树?
Who will go to England with you?
谁将跟你一起去英格兰?
Who's that girl over there?
那边的女孩子是谁?

6. run

It's running across the grass.
它正在草地上跑。
I like running.
我喜欢跑步。
He can run very fast.
他能够跑得很快。

7. grass

Please keep off the grass.
请不要践踏草地。
Many people like to read books on the grass in the park.
很多人喜欢在公园的草地上读书。

8. after

It's running after a cat.
它在追一只猫。
What do you usually do after work?
你下班后一般干什么?
He's leaving the day after tomorrow.
他后天离开。

9. across

Walk across the street and the cinema is there.
穿过这条街你就会看到电影院了。
We swam across the river.
我们游到了河的那边。

10.cat

Do you like cats?
你喜欢猫吗?
Tom has three cats at home.
汤姆家里养了三只猫。

1. type

Nicola is typing a letter.
妮可拉正在打一封信。
Can you type this letter for me?
你能帮我打这封信吗?
She types very fast.
她打字速度很快。

2. letter

Jane is writing a letter to her parents.
简正在给她的父母写信。
Could you mail this letter for me when you go out?
你出去的时候能不能帮我把信寄了?

3. basket

She's emptying a basket.
她正在把篮子倒空。
Put the dirty clothes in the basket.
请把脏衣服放在篮子里面。
She always goes shopping with a shopping basket.
她去购物的时候总带着一个购物篮。

4. eat

It is eating a bone.
它在啃一块骨头。
Would you like something to eat?
你想要吃点东西吗?
We usually eat at six.
我们通常是六点钟吃饭。

5. bone

Give the dog a bone.
给那只狗一根骨头。
His bone was broken in two places.
他的骨头有两处断了。

6. clean

Is Tim cleaning his teeth?
提姆正在刷牙吗?
How often do you clean your house?
你多久清洗一次屋子?
You'd better clean your shoes; they are dirty.
你最好清洗一下鞋子,它们看起来很脏。

7. tooth

I am going to have a tooth out.
我要去拔掉一颗牙齿。
He brushes his teeth after every meal.
他每顿饭后都刷牙。

8. cook

Emma is cooking a meal.
爱玛正在做饭。
She is good at cooking.
她擅长做饭。
Have you cooked the dinner?
你做好饭了吗?

9. milk

The cat is drinking its milk.
猫正喝着奶。
She drinks a glass of milk every morning.
她每天早上都喝一杯牛奶。
Would you like some milk in your coffee?
你的咖啡要加奶吗?

10.meal

They cooked their own meals.
他们自已做饭吃。
He always has an apple after every meal.
他每顿饭后都吃一个苹果。

11. drink

Would you like something to drink?
你想来喝点东西吗?
Sit down and drink a cup of tea.
坐下来喝杯荼吧。

12. tap

The gril is turning off the tap.
那个女孩正在关水龙头。
Please turn on the tap.
请打开水龙头。
Don't leave the taps running.
别让水龙头滴水。
Notes on the text课文注释 
1 在英文中表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件,要用动词的现在进行时。现在进行时由be的现在时加上现在分词组成,如课文中的“She's sitting under the tree.”和“He's climbing the tree.”等句子均为现在进行时。对大多数动词来说,在动词后面直接加-ing即可组成现在分词,如doing, climbing。对以-e结尾的动词,要去掉-e,再加-ing,如making。如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟了一个辅音字母时,则需将辅音字母双写,再加-ing,如running, sitting。 
2 What about the dog? 那么狗呢?这句话的意思是What is the dog doing in the garden? 为了避免重复原句中的主语和谓语动词,可以用What about这个结构,用来询问情况。 
3 run after, 追逐。 
例:Look, Sally is running after her Mum. 瞧,萨莉正在追赶她的母亲。 
现在进行时态结构 :
谓语动词分为:1)助动词:am is are
2)现在分词    实意动词+ing
提问?否定?
笔记】

[词汇](10)
garden  n. 花园 
in the garden    garden → gardening   bank → banking   house → housing   housekeeping & garding  家居与园艺
under  prep. 在……之下 (正下方)
tree  n. 树          under the tree / wall / chair   below 低于  over 悬空的正上方  on 有表面的接触
climb [klaim] . v. 爬,攀登    .climb the tree       m是鼻音,而b是爆破音,爆破音失去爆破。
who  pron. 谁       .who is talking?
run  v. 跑    . .running shoes 跑鞋
  vt. 经营,管理(跑生意,跑买卖)
run the business. 经营生意。
He runs a school. 他经营着一所学校。
He is running a business in China. 他在中国做生意。
grass [grɑ:s] .  n. 草,草地
after  prep. 在……之后    keep off the grass  勿践踏草地     after you = you first,please.
across  prep. 横过,穿过    实义动词 + across(介词) 
cross n. 十字架,十字路口  v. 穿越    Red Cross 红十字会
   Tim is crossing the street.  Tim正在穿越马路。  run across the street 跑过马路
   I cross my heart.  我保证,我发誓。                                              
   I just crossed my fingers.  我只不过是运气好。
cat  n. 猫       care kills cat. 忧虑伤身。  
It’s raining cats & dogs. 倾盆大雨。
 
★climb   v. 爬,攀登
① v. 攀登,攀爬(树、山等)
② v. 逐步上升(增长)
The temperature is climbing steadily.    温度正在慢慢地平稳上升。
The price of gold climbed back.   金价逐渐回升了。
③ v. (在社会地位等方面)往上爬
He is trying hard to climb to the top of the social ladder. 他正努力爬到社会的最顶层。
He has climbed to a very high position in his field. 他已在自己的领域中爬到了一个很高的位置。

★run  v. 跑
① v. 跑,奔跑
run across the grass:跑过草地
② v. 流动;流出
The current is running strong.  水流湍急。
Her eyes ran with tears.  她落泪了。
③ v. 追赶;追逐;追求
run after:追逐
Many young men are running after that girl. 许多年轻人在追求那个姑娘。

 [语法]
时态:共16种时态,时态是通过动词变化来实现的。
学习方法:
1 首先了解概念
2 时态 ---- 动词变化规则、时间的状态
 
现在进行时:
1、概念
① 此时引刻 → 表示现在正在进行或者发生的动作或事情    
 I am reading an english book.
We are having english class now.
② 现阶段 → 表示现阶段正在进行或发生,但说话的此刻动作不一定进行   
I am writing a book. 我最近正在写一本书。
He is waiting for the visa. 他最近正在等签证。
③ 接近的未来 → 表示即将发生的动作(多用于移动性动词即点动词,也叫瞬间动词,并且后面要加将来的时间)。
瞬间动词:go、come、return、move、die、leave … 
 He is dying. 他奄奄一息,快要不行了。
 I am leaving. 我要走了。
 Coming. = I’m coming.  有人敲门时,屋内的人常回应I’m coming,意思是马上去开门,请稍等,口语中省去了I’m。
come in.  come on in. 请进。
2、结构:
肯定句:S. + be + v.-ing
否定句:S. + be + not + v.-ing
一般疑问句:Be + S. + v.-ing ?
回答:Yes, S. + be/ No, S. + be + not
特殊疑问句:What + be + S. + v.-ing?
3、动词变化:
 ① 直接在动词后 + ing.    read → reading
 ② 以“e”结尾的动词去“e”+ ing. 
 ③ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写该辅音字母 + ing.     shut → shutting   run → running
      观察plan(制定计划)和plane(刨)这两个单词,如果plan直接加ing的话,则与去“e”+ ing的plane的变化完全一样了,为了避免这种情况发生,对于这种以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词都双写该辅音字母 + ing。
      sharpen  有两个音节,重读在第一个音节上,所以虽然也是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾的,但不是重读闭音节 sharpening。
      begin [bi'gin] 重读音节在后,beginning。
4、时间:now

[语法知识]

现在进行时

构成:be+ doing (do表示实义动词)

用途:

  此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作,时间状语一般用now, at the moment.

--Jane is reading a book now. 简正在读一本书。

--My father is watching TV at the moment. 我的爸爸正在看电视。

2)现阶段的一段时间正在进行或发生的动作,但说话的此刻,动作不一定正在进行着,时间状语通常是recently, these days.

--What are you doing recently? 你最近忙些什么?

--I am studying English at a school.我目前在学校学英语。

--He is making the plan these days. 这段时间他一直忙着他的计划书。

3)现在进行时后面加一个表示将来的时间状语,比如,tomorrom, soon 等等,就可以表示将来的一种打算。

--I am seeing my friend this afternoon. 今天下午我要去见我的朋友。

结构: be + v.+ing

--be 随人称变化(am, is, are

1) She is reading a newspaper now. 她正在读报纸。

2His brother is climbing the tree. 他弟弟正在爬树。

3They are watching TV. 他们正在看电视。

4) I am putting on my coat. 我正在穿外套。

5We are looking at the cat. 我们在看那只猫。

疑问句把系动词提前

1)—Is she reading a newspaper?

  --Yes, She is.

  --No, she isn’t.

2--Is his brother climbing the tree?

  -- Yes, he is.

  -- No, he isn’t.

3)—Are they watching TV?

  --Yes, they are.

 --No, they aren’t

4)—Are you putting on your coat?

 --Yes, I am.

 --No, I’m not.

否定句在系动词后面加not

1)—She is not reading a newspaper.

2)—His brother isn’t climbing the tree.

3)—They aren’t watching TV.


 课文讲解]

Is Tim in the garden, too?

否定句

Tim isn’t in the garden, either.

--who引导特殊疑问句

--who is running? 谁在跑?

--Who is sitting under the tree? 谁坐在树下。

Tim is. = Tim is (climbing the tree).

--Who is your teacher? Wendy is (our teacher)

--what about + n. / (v. +ing) ?

怎么样?

--What about = How about

--about 是介词,后面必须加词或具有名词性的词。

--Would you like some coffee? 想喝点咖啡吗?

--No, thank you.

--What about some milk? / What about drinking some milk?

那么牛奶怎么样?

--across  在表面上横着穿过

--They are running across the street. 他们横着跑过街道。

--She is swimming across the river. 她正在横着游过江。

 
模仿例句把祈使句改写成现在进行时。 
Example: 
Sweep the floor! She is sweeping it. 
1 Open the window! He ______. 
2 Sharpen this pencil! She ______. 
3 Dust the cupboard! She ______. 
4 Empty the basket! She ______. 
5 Look at the picture! He ______. 
B Write questions and answers. 
模仿例句提问并回答。 
Example: 
Nicola/emptying the basket/typing a letter 
What is Nicola doing? 
Is she emptying the basket? 

No, she isn't emptying the basket
She's typing a letter. 
1 Mr. Richards/cleaning his teeth/opening the window. 
2 My mother/shutting the door/making the bed 
3 The dog/drinking its milk/eating a bone 
4 My sister/reading a magazine/looking at a picture 
5 Emma/dusting the dressing table/cooking a meal 
6 Amy/making the bed/sweeping the floor 
7 Tim/reading a magazine/sharpening a pencil 
8 The girl/turning on the light/turning off the tap 
9 The boy/cleaning his teeth/putting on his shirt 
10 Miss Jones/putting on her coat/taking off her coat
 

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