三、表语从句

１．概念　

如果在连系动词后面跟上一个句子，这个句子就叫表语从句。

表语从句也属于名词性从句，它是用一个或多个句子作连系动词的表语。表语从句必须有连词连接。连词有五种：(1) that (2)whether (3) what, when, where, why, which, how 等疑问词 (4) because  (5) as if 。

2．句型

1）由 that 引导的表语从句

that 无解释，不作成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。

(1)  名词主语+be+that

常用作主语的名词有表示事实、真理的名词fact, truth或表示看法、观点的名词idea, opinion, belief, view, feeling, suggestion, plan,

The fact is that I was in the garden when the robbery happened.

One advantage of living in the country is hat one can get close to nature.

以suggestion, proposal等词为主语的表语从句谓语动词必须用虚拟语气。

His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill.

(2)  wh-引导的主语从句 + be + that从句

What surprised me most was that all the pupils were unusually quiet.

What delighted us was that we had succeeded in defending our championship.

 

2）由 whether 引导的表语从句

在表语从句中，只能用 whether，或whether…or…，不能用if 或if…or…。

My question is whether I can join the Party.

 

3．由疑问词 what, when, where, why, which, how 等引导的表语从句

（1）疑问词+主语+谓语（用陈述句语序）

My question is what he bought yesterday.

The first thing I want to know is when we ‘ll go outing.

（2）疑问代词作主语时的公式：疑问代词+谓语+….

What I want to know is who will be our class advisor.

 

4．as if 或 as though

   It seems as if he were mad today.

   It looked as though he had been ill that day.

 

5．because 因为

   He cried just now. That was because he had been beaten by Tom.

   当上述两句用 The reason why… 或why…. 来表示时，表语从句连接词应

   用that， 而不能再用because了。

   The reason why he cried just now was that he had been beaten by Tom.(对)

   The reason why he cried just now was because he had been beaten by

   Tom. (错)

表语从句练习

1．It sounds _______ the situation is unlikely to improve.

   A. as if       B. how        C. as          D. so that

2. He said that he wasn't interested in having a car, but _______ he couldn't afford one.

   A. the fact that               B. the fact that was

   C. the fact was that           D. it was the fact

3. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ______ I got wet through.

   A. It's reason    B. That's why     C. There's why     D. It's how

4. What the doctors really doubt is ______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.

    A. when       B. how     C. whether     D. why

5. Go and get your coat. It's ______ you left it.

    A. there     B. where       C. there where     D. where there

6. This is  ______ the river was polluted.

    A. what     B. how        C. that      D. whether

7. The reason they are closing the factory is ______ they cannot get enough raw materials.

    A. for       B. because       C. the fact        D. that

8. _______ all the inventions have in common is ______ they have succeeded.

    A. What, what    B. That, that   C. What, that     D. That, what

9. Some children like to eat food rich in fat and sugar. _______ they have weight problems and bad teeth.

    A. That's why                B. The fact is that

    C. There's the reason          D. It's how

10. To some people, the Sahara Desert is _______ "the sea of death".

    A. what we call        B. that we call

    C. we call it           D. which is called

11. I feel a bit disappointed as the new house isn't quite_______ it should be.

    A. that      B. what      C. as         D. whatever

12. In movies, many things are not ______ they seem.

    A. as it       B. I like that       C. as to what        D. what

13. The reason for his lateness is ______ he got up too late this morning.

    A. that      B. because       C. for        D. why

14. The thing _____ I like to do is just _____ you want me to.

    A. what, what     B. that, that      C. what, that      D. that, what

15. ______ surprised us all was ______ he did manage to stop smoking.

    A. That, that     B. What, what     C. That, what      D. What, that

16. The problem is ______ or not we can find the right person to deal with the situation.

    A. why      B. how        C. if        D. whether

17. The reason why he was late for class was _______ he got up too late.

A. because        B. that         C. how          D. so

18. The reason______ he told me is _____ he was caught in the traffic jam.

    A. why, that       B. that, that     C. what, why       D. /,/

19. The reason ______ he gave for his absence was ______ he had missed the bus.

     A. why, that    B. that, because    C. why, because    D. which, that

20. The city is ______ we visited three years ago.

     A. where    B. the place where      C. what       D. place which

 

表语从句  Key:

1—20  a c b c b   b d c a a   b d a d d   d b b d c

 

 

 

四、同位语从句

 

1．概念

   一个名词的具体内容，用一个句子来说明，并作同一个句子成分，这个句子就叫同位语从句。同位语从句也属于名词性从句。它是用整个句子作一个名词的同位语。同位语从句必须有连词连接。连词有三种：(1) that  (2) whether  (3) when, where, why 等定语从句的关系副词。当作同位语的这个名词省略时，整句就转变成宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句。

2．句型

1）由that 引导的同位语从句

 that 无解释，不作成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。

The news that our team has beaten the American team is very exciting.

= That our team has beaten the American team is very exciting.

常可跟同位语从句的名词有：

news, fact, idea, promise, question, problem, conclusion….等

2）由whether引导的同位语从句

The problem whether John will go abroad has been solved.

They are discussing the problem whether Tom will be punished or not.

3）由关系代词when, where 和 why 引导的定语从句.

它们的先行词省略后，就转变成名词性从句

The reason why he was late for school is not clear.

= Why he was late for school is not clear.

I know the place where they are having a meeting.

I know where they are having a meeting.

Do you know the day when your friend was born?

Do you know when your friend was born?

The man knows about the way that I have learned the news.

介词后面的that同位语从句，不能改成宾语从句，即the fact不能省略。

Do you know about the fact that Mr Li is ill?

Do you know about that Mr Li is ill?  (错)

当主句谓语很短时，同位语从句常会与同位语的名词分开。

Word that the enemy had been killed the day before came.

= Word came that the enemy had been killed the day before.

 

同位语从句练习

1. There is a general feeling in them _______ they are dissatisfied with the game result the Chinese football team got.

   A. that        B. which       C. of which        D. what

2. At the news ______ their team had _______ the game, all the students were excited.

    A. which, won   B. that, won    C. that, defeated   D. what, defeated

3. The question sometimes comes to my mind _______ it was worth the effort.

    A. whether     B. if      C. if only         D. that

4 Information has been put forward _______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

    A. while      B. that       C. when        D. as

5. There's a feeling in me _______ we'll never know what a UFO is.

    A. that           B. which        C. of which         D. what

6. One of the men held the view _______ the book said was right.

    A. what that       B. that what      C. that which      D. which that

7. The problem _______ the quality of the products is up to requirement has not been settled.

    A. if       B. that        C. what     D. whether

8. I ______ the view ______ no one is able to fool all the people all the time.

    A. held, that     B. held, which     C. hold, that      D. hold, which

9. It is no longer a question now _______ China is a strong country.

    A. that      B. which       C. whether       D. what

10. We thought the idea_______ more computer lessons was a good one.

    A. that we should have        B. having

    C. which we have             D. about to have

11. The report is a clear sign _______ the city government is going to do something to make the river water clean again.

    A. in which      B. that      C. of which      D. which

12. I have no idea _________.

    A. what does this sentence mean  B. what the meaning of this sentence

    C. what this sentence means      D. what's the meaning is this sentence

13. In the end the news came _______ all of them had been killed in the air crash, but we believed ______ things were not so bad.

A. that, that       B. /; /       C. /, that         D. that, which

14. You have no idea _______ then.

     A. what a hard time we had        B. we had what a hard time

     C. what we had hard time          D. what hard time we had

15. Word came _______ the enemy officer had hanged himself.

     A. whether        B. if          C. where       D. that

16. The fact has to be faced _______ few people like to work there with so little pay.

     A. what       B. how        C. that        D. when

17. The promise _______ we could have film tickets free ______ charge turned to be false.

     A. which, from      B. that, of       C. which, with       D. that, for

18. He pointed to the fact _______ they were not there.

     A. which        B. what          C. that           D. /

19. The news _______ she won the first prize in the chemistry contest was true.

     A. which         B. what         C. when           D. that

20. His proposal ______ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.

     A. that we go                B. which we should go

     C. that we would go          D. when we should go

 

同位语从句  Key 

1—20  a b a b a   b d c a a   b c a a d   c b c d a  

 

 

Cloze:

There are about fifteen hundred languages in the world. But only a few of them are very __1__. English is one of these. Many, many people use it, not only in England and the USA, but in other parts of the world. About 200 million speak it as their own language. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it as a __2__ language. Many millions are trying to do so.

      Is it easy or difficult to learn English? Different people may have different __3__. Have you ever __4__ the ads of this kind in the newspapers or magazines?

      "Learn English in six months, or your __5__ hack..." "Easy and funny? Our records and tapes help you master your English in a month. __6__ the first day your pronunciation will be excellent. Just send..." Of course, it never __7__ quite like this.

     The only language that seems easy to learn is the mother tongue. We should __8__ that we all learned our own language well when we were __9__ . If we could learn English in the same way, it would not seem so difficult. __10__ what a small child does. He listens to what people say. He tries what he hears. When he is using the language, talking in it, and __11__ in it all the time, just imagine how much __12__ that gets!

     So it is __13__ to say that learning English is easy, because a good command of English __14__ upon a lot of practice. And practice needs great effort and __15__ much time. Good teachers, records, tapes, books, and dictionaries will help. But they cannot do the student's work for him.

1. A. difficult        B. important    C. necessary     D. easy

2. A. native         B. foreign       C. useful        D. mother

3. A. questions      B. problems     C. ideas         D. answers

4. A. found         B. watched      C. noticed       D. known

5. A. knowledge     B. time         C. money        D. English

6. A. From          B. On          C. Since         D. After

7. A. happened      B. knew        C. seemed       D. felt

8. A. know         B. remember     C. understand   D. think

9. A. students       B. children      C. babies        D. grown-ups

10. A. Imagine      B. Mind         C. Do           D. Think of

11. A. using        B. thinking       C. trying         D. practising

12. A. time         B. money        C. language      D. practice

13. A. hard         B. easy          C. funny        D. silly

14. A. depends      B. tries          C. has          D. takes

15. A. uses          B. takes         C. gets          D. Costs

 

 

 

答案

1—15   B B D C C   A A B B D  B D A A B