十选九填词技巧
(2012-01-26 11:17:22)
标签:
杂谈 |
一、词性分类。
在单词旁边按这个单词是名词,动词,形容词,副词标出词性。这样学生在面对一个空格时,只要根据上下文的语法结构或逻辑关系不再是从10个词中去选1个答案了,可以是4选1甚至2选1,从而缩小了选择的范围,提高做题的准确率。我们以上海高考卷选词填空题为例先按词性分类:
A. contents
名词
B. taking
现在分词
F. declined
过去分词、一般过去时
J. registered 过去分词、一般过去时
C. carefully
副词
D. plastic
形容词
在进行分类时要注意两点: 1.
有的单词不只是一个词性,例如influence,heat, concern等。08年上海卷填词题中
honour
和 set
既有名词词性又有动词词性.
这时两个都要标出来。2.
以-ing或-ed
结尾的词既可能是动词,也可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的形容词。例如:sleeping在“She is sleeping.”中是动词,而在“a sleeping car”中是形容词。
二、精读第一句,预测主题。
首先要抓住文章首句,第一句话通常是没有空格的完整句子,往往是文章的主题句,或是含有主题词的句子,提供必要的理解文章大意和主要内容的线索。所以,学生可以根据第一句话来把握文章或者段落的中心思想,最大限度地获取信息。以上海高考选词填空题第一段为例:If the package looks pretty, people will buy just about anything. So says an advertising executive in New York, and he has proved his point by selling boxes of rubbish for the price of an expensive bottle of wine. 第一句告知了文章的关键词“包装”。第二句揭示了文章的主旨大意:主人公是一位广告主管,事发地点在纽约,事件是通过精心包装卖出垃圾可赚大钱。抓住文章的主旨大意有助于学生理解和把握整个文章的脉络,为接下来做题把准方向。
三、确定空格词性,预设答案,筛选备用词。
首先根据语法知识确定被填入此空的词性,不妨先预测自己心目中的答案,然后按标出的词性进行筛选,将备选的单词逐个代入空格中推敲句意。根据上下文逻辑关系,对语篇中缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证后作出正确的选择。
1. 如何确定空格为名词。
(1)空格前面出现冠词、形容词,空格内填名词。
例如:Douglass
grew up to become the
first black __45__ to hold a government office -- as US
minister and consul general (总领事) to
Haiti.
(2)空格前面出现及物动词,空格内填名词作宾语。
例如:Mr. Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed ___49___ with people interested in similar projects from as far as Berlin and London. 解析:49空格前是主语he+谓语动词has signed,所以空格内应填入名词作宾语。备选名词有contents内容,packaging包装,contracts合同。空格前谓语动词has signed解释为签订,全句意思为Gignac 先生在考虑开发更多种的纪念品。他宣称他已经与远在柏林和伦敦对此项目感兴趣的人们签订了合同。 我们由此推断能与signed搭配使用的名词只能是contracts,其余2个名词都不与signed搭配。
(3)空格后面出现动词,空格内填入名词作主语。
例如:Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists. He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived. Riis believed that ______ caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. 解析:主句Riis believed that后面宾语从句中缺失主语,由此判断空格内应填入名词。备选名词有design设计,chapter章节,force武力,poverty贫穷。空格后caused crime,什么能导致犯罪。根据上文提供的线索:Jacob Riis是最早的摄影记者之一。他在纽约市穷人区拍摄了一些照片。由此确定答案是poverty。Riis认为贫穷会引起犯罪为此他出示他拍摄的照片来证明他的观点。
2.
确定空格为动词。
Realizing
that the concept appears to be a real money-maker, Mr. Gignac has ___47___ a
company and is employing his girlfriend as vice president.
He ___48___ to discuss
his profit margins: “It’s actually quite a lot of effort putting
them together—but yet, garbage is free.”
(2)空格前面有主语但后面没有宾语,空格处应填不及物动词;
例如:A few weeks
ago, the National Park
Service (NPS) __42__.
3.
确定空格为形容词。
例如:Some
___46___ customers
include people who used to live in the city and want a
down-to-earth souvenir.
也有形容词在空格后面,例如:There is a
new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in
newspaper classified columns.
补充语境:
现在分词作定语。The _____
network of underwater sensors in the Pacific, site of 85 percent of
all tsunamis, will be increased and expanded into the Atlantic and
Caribbean.
答案是现在分词existing修饰空格后network。
例如:Since 1992, 17 major tsunamis have struck, 11 in the Pacific. Deaths were particularly ______, a total of some 4,000 -- until last year. 解析:空格内答案是形容词low,作连系动词were的表语。
例如:When men are shut up together for a long period, they begin to feel ______ . 解析:空格内答案是形容词uneasy,在连系动词feel后面作表语。当人们长期被关闭(在狭小空间里),会感到不自在。
4.
确定空格为副词
例如:As a youth, he never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so he __46__taught himself to read and write. (08上海卷) 解析:46空格前he作主语,空格后taught是谓语动词,himself作宾语。由此推断空格处应该填入副词修饰taught。备选副词有secretly秘密地,briefly简要地。暗示点:上文提到在南方奴隶受教育是非法的。因而,他只能秘密自学,答案用secretly符合句意。
(2)空格后面是分词或形容词,空格内填副词。
例如:Justin
Gignac, 26, has sold almost 900 ___41___ presented plastic boxes of
rubbish from the street of the Big Apple at between $50 and $100
each.
5. 确定动词非谓语形式。
(2)动名词(或名词)充当介词宾语。
As you sneeze and cough, you scold yourself for not ______ your warm coat yesterday. And you worry that your whole family will catch your cold too. 解析:空格答案是wearing, 动名词作介词for的宾语。当你打喷嚏和咳嗽时,你会责备自己昨天衣服穿少了还担心全家也传染感冒。
例如:Arabs were
originally those who lived in Arabia (阿拉伯半岛).
But from the AD600s Arabian Arabs, inspired by their new faith
Islam, swept through Western Asia and North Africa, _____ and
settling a huge area.
(4)空格前有不定式标志to,空格处应填入动词原形;另一种情况to是介词,后面应填入动名词。
例如:The army was given the job of keeping peace in this difficult Indian country of the western plains. Soldiers were sent out to build forts and roads. They tried to _____ the wagon trains from Indian attacks. 解析:动词tried + to do 表示设法做某事,空格处答案填动词原形protect。
四、重读全文,复查核定。
做完题目后,要仔细检查答案。一般情况下,按照以上解题方法可以得出正确答案,大部分空格得以完成。有时会遇到个别词汇无从下手,可以在剩下的几个词汇里依靠语感尝试排除法。
五、注重词汇,夯实基础,培养能力。
要提高选词填空的正确率,除了上面介绍的方法技巧外,同学们在复习迎考中一定要积累并熟练掌握高频词汇和常用词组搭配,注意一词多义并且能够在不同的语境中灵活运用,具备判断词性和分析句子结构的技能。根据自己的实际需要,侧重基础语法训练,例如时态,语态,形容词,副词和非谓语等。平时要进行一定数量的选词填空专题训练,找到解题的感觉,提高解题能力。
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