对于健康教育与健康促进工作者来说,没有什么比理解和掌握健康促进的定义更重要的了。到目前为止,国际上对健康促进有着不同的定义,主要包括下面六种,看看你更倾向于哪一种。
1、世界卫生组织(World Health Organization):
健康促进是促使人们提高对自身健康控制和改善能力的过程。(Health promotion has also
been referred to as a process of enabling people to increase
control over, and improve, their health. )
2、美国健康与人类服务部(US Department of health and human
services):
健康促进对个人、家庭和社区提供信息和教育,这种信息和教育鼓励家庭成员共同努力、社区做出承诺、宗教机构参与,为了促进人们的健康做出积极的贡献。(Health
Promotion is the provision of information and/or education to
individuals, families, and communities that-encourage family unity,
community commitment, and traditional spirituality, that make
positive contributions to their health status.)
3、加拿大卫生部(Health Canada):
健康促进是一种策略,这种策略为个人、集体和社区提供做出健康决定的工具。与传统的疾病和伤害治疗不同,健康促进的重点主要放在影响健康的社会、物质、经济和政治的因素上,也包括对减肥、健康的生活方式和合理营养的宣传倡导。(
Health Promotion is a strategy for improving the health of the
population by providing individuals, groups and communities with
the tools to make informed decisions about their
well-being.)。Moving beyond the traditional treatment
of illness and injury, health promotion efforts are centered
primarily on the social, physical, economical and political factors
that affect health, and include such activities as the promotion of
physical fitness, healthy living and good nutrition.
)
4、澳大利亚卫生部(Ministry of Health, AU):
健康促进是一切促进健康和预防疾病的活动。这些活动包括降低疾病的危险因素、早发现、预防不可逆的并发症发生以及预防疾病复发。健康促进是健康教育、疾病预防和健康保护的综合运用。健康促进是旨在改变健康的影响因素的行动,而不是针对某种疾病所采取的具体措施。(Activities
to improve health and prevent disease. Health promotion comprises
efforts to prevent ill-health through risk reduction or early
detection, to prevent avoidable complications of an irreversible,
manifest disease and to prevent re-occurrence of ill-health. Health
promotion enhances positive health through the overlapping spheres
of health education, disease prevention and health protection. It
is generally directed towards action on the determinants of health
rather than focusing on specific disease entities.)
5、英国卫生部(National Health Service,UK):
健康促进是鼓励人们采纳有可能减少患病危险因素的行为的活动。(These are activities
involved in encouraging people to adopt actions that are likelihood
to reduce the risk of developing disease.)
6、美国健康促进杂志(Am J of Health Promotion)
健康促进是一门科学和艺术,它帮助人们改变生活方式从而达到理想的健康状态。理想的健康状态是指生理、情绪、社会、精神以及智力的平衡状态。生活方式改变要通过提高健康意识、改变行为以及创造对健康行为有支持作用的环境条件而实现,其中环境条件的改善对于行为改变的持续性具有最大的影响。(Health
promotion is the science and art of helping people change their
lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal
health. Optimal health is defined as a balance of
physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual
health. Lifestyle change can be facilitated
through a combination of efforts to enhance awareness, change
behavior and create environments that support good health
practices. Of the three, supportive environments
will probably have the greatest impact in producing lasting
change.)
7、其他:
对那些能够激发人们采纳健康行为的理念和概念的宣传倡导。(Health promotion is the
promotion of healthy ideas and concepts to motivate individuals to
adopt health behaviors.)