四、句型4： Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)

观察以下句子,总结其特点：

 

Mr.Smith taught us English last year.

史密斯先生去年教我们英语。

Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。

Would you please pass me that dictionary?

=Would you please pass that dictionary to me?

请你把那本词典递给我好吗?

He bought his mother a new sweater with his first month’s salary.

=He bought a new sweater for his mother with his first month’s salary.

他用第一个月的工资给母亲买了一件新毛衣。

 

这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell,teach, show, bring, send等。如：

 

主语+谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如果把表示物的直接宾

语放在表示人的间接宾语前,需要借助于介词to或for。to表示:朝着,向着,
对着;for表示:为(某人),替(某人)。

需要借助介词to的动词有:bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,promise,return,
send,show,teach,tell,write等。

需要借助介词for的动词有:bring,buy,cook,find,get,make,order,save,spare
等。

根据宾补的不同可分为以下几种情况：

1.主语+及物动词+宾语+名词。如：

President appointed John manager of Marketing. 总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。

常用于此句型的动词有：call, name, make, elect, appoint, consider,leave等。

2. 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词。如：

The news made me happy. 那消息使我很高兴。

常用于此句型的动词有：make, paint, get (ready), cut (short), set(free), keep, drive (mad), find, wish, beat (black and blue), prove, think,believe, consider, leave等。

3. 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语。如：

I found myself in dark. 我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。

4. 主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式。如：

He encouraged her to work harder.他鼓励他努力工作。

要求用to do作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask,beg, cause, choose, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, order, permit,persuade, request, tell, want, warn, wish等。

He always has others wait for him.他总是要别人等他。

 

要求用do作宾补的动词有：使役动词let,make，have等；感官动词observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at,notice, see, watch等。

若变为被动语态, 其后的宾语补足语就成为主语补足语了, 此时作主语补足语的不定式要带to。如：

The boss made him work overtime.(主动语态)

He was made to work overtime.(被动语态)老板叫他加班。

5.主语+及物动词+宾语+分词。如：

Don’t leave the water running after you have washed your hands.洗手之后不要听任水白流。

 

I heard my name called.我听到有人叫我的名字。

现在分词为宾语补足语时, 宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系; 过去分词为宾语补足语时, 宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。常用于此句型的动词有：catch,feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe,see, set, smell, watch等。

6. 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。

(1) I found it very pleasant to be with your family.我觉得与你家人相处令人愉快。

 

(2) She thinks it no point practicing so much. 她认为练习这么多没有意义。

 

(3) He believed it unlikely that she would agree. 他相信她不可能同意。

(1) 当作宾语的不定式、动名词、宾语从句跟一个补足语时, 要用形式宾语it放在宾语的位置, 将真正的宾语放到后面。

(2) 用doing作真正的宾语时, 其补足语通常是useless,senseless, no use, good, sense, point等, 表示“无益或没有意义”。

(3) 能用于该句型的谓语动词有consider,believe, feel, find, make, think, suppose等。

 

翻译

1.这台新机器会给你节省很多时间的。

2.今晚你能把你的汽车借给我吗?

3.你能抽出10分钟的时间来给我提点建议吗?

4.她给了我她的电话号码,告诉我可以随时给她打电话。

5.粗心驾驶使他付出了生命。

6.昨天我叔叔来的时候给我带来了很多礼物。

7.他在这条街上给我找了一个干净的房子,让我在那里学习功课。

8.他们宽恕了他的罪行。

答案

1.The new machine will save a lot of time for you.

2.Could you lend me your car this evening?

3.Could you spare me ten minutes to give me some advice?

4.She gave me her telephone number and told me I could call her at any 
time.

5.Careless driving cost him his life.

6.Myuncle brought many gifts for me when he came yesterday.

7.He has found me a tidy house in this street and let me study my lessons 
there.

8.They forgave him his crimes.

 

1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.____________________________。

2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.

老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。

五、句型5： Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)

观察以下句子,总结其特点：

She kept the door open.

她让门开着。

They named their daughter Mary.

他们给女儿取名玛丽。

They invited me to speak at the meeting.

他们邀请我在会上讲话。

 

 

 

本结构中宾语后面需要有成分对其进行补充说明,这就是宾语补足语。
可以充当宾补的有:形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v.-ing形

式和v.-ed形式。

如:

这种句型中的“宾语 ＋ 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：

1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.

_______________________________。（形容词）

2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。

3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)______________________________。

4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)

5)Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)_______________________

● 常见能够接宾补的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like,order, force, allow等。

● 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：

1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。

2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。

基础练习：1.They work hard.

       主  +  谓

2.The flower is dead.

      主+ 系 + 表

3.Plants need water.

      主+ 谓 + 宾

4.He gives me some seeds.

       主+ 谓 + 直宾+ 间宾

5.We should keep the plants in the shade.

       主+ 谓 + 宾+ 宾补

6.Many animals live in trees.

      主  +  谓

7.He kept me a dictionary.

主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语

8.Shall I leave you the camera?

主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语

9. We find the book very interesting.

主+谓+宾+宾补

10.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary.

主+谓+间接宾语+直宾

11.Singing makes me happy.

主+谓+宾+宾补

12.Daming calls his cat Mimi .

主+谓+宾+宾补

13.You must listen to her.

 主+谓+宾

14.He is a scientist.
主+系+表

 

补充：there be 句型：

6.There +be+______ +地点状语  

 ① There is a table and four chairs in the room.

=There_____ four chairs and a table in the room.

  There be句型的谓语动词单复数要使用____原则。

 ② There are many people waiting for their children at the gate ofthe school.

注意：be动词可以有变形，比如：will be, has/have been, must havebeen, used to be, seem to be等；

也可用部分动词代替be动词。请划出下列句中的谓语

There happens to be a table and four chairs in the room.

=There_______ to be four chairs and a table in the room.

     

There stands  a tall tree on the top of the mountain.

There existed   a secret in this affair.

There lived a king long long ago.