汉语语法——祈使句

Chinese Grammar—The Imperative sentence

一、什么叫祈使句。

    Definition

表示命令、请求、催促、劝告或商量，有表示祈使语气、语调的句子叫祈使句。句尾常用句号“。”或感叹号“！”它的基本格式是：

（主语）+谓语

The imperative sentence is one expressing command, request urging, advice, warning or consultation and having an imperative tone. At the end of such a sentence, a full stop(。)or an exclamation mark(!) is used. Its basic pattern is:

(subject)+ predicate

例如：

Examples:

（你）——坐会儿。

（咱们）——走吧！

二、祈使句的语法特点

    Grammatical features

（一）祈使句常不用主语。例如：

The subject is often absent in an imperative sentence. For example:

请坐！

慢慢吃！

（二）祈使句的谓语一般由动词充当。

The predicate of an imperative sentence is usually a verb.

（三）祈使句常在句首用动词“请”。例如：

The verb 请 is often used at the beginning of an imperative sentence. For example:

请进！

请转告他。

（四）否定形式的祈使句常在句首获谓语前用副词“别、不要、不必”等，表示劝阻或制止。例如：

In a negative imperative sentence, the adverbs 别，不要，不必, etc. are used at the beginning or before the predicate to express dissuasion or prevention. For example:

别大声说话！

不用送了！

如果用“请”、“请”要放在“别”的前边。例如：

When 请 is used, it must be put before the negative adverb. For example:

请别客气！

请不要忘记。

（五）祈使句一般是降调，句尾用句号“。”或感叹号“！”。

Usually an imperative sentence is spoken in a falling tone and a full stop(。)or exclamation mark(!) is used at the end.