Unit 1

1. “by+doing形式”表示方式、方法

拓展：介词by的其他用法：

1）by+交通工具，“乘/坐...”    by bus

2）by+地点，“在...的旁边；靠近...”   by the lake

3）by+时间，“截止到...；不迟于...”   by ten

4）辨析by、with、in，“用”

2. conversion，“交谈；谈话”。与动词have/hold连用时，须加不定冠词，但与动词make连用时，不加不定冠词。常用短语有：

  have/hold a conversion with...“与...交谈/谈话”；

  make conversion“闲谈；搭讪”    be in a conversion with...“与...在谈话”

3. 辨析

 It’s too hard to understand spoken English.

   1）It+be+adj+for/of sb+ to do sth.

Eg. It’s dangerous for children to play with fire.

   2）too...to...“太...而不能...”.   Eg. He is too young to join the party.

     注意：not...enough to.../ so...that...

5. finish“完成”，后加名词、代词、动名词。

   Eg. I finished doing my homework half an hour ago.

  拓展：后加动名词的动词及短语：

       enjoy/practice/finish/mind doing sth     keep (on) doing sth  

       be busy (in) doing sth    have fun doing sth   feel like doing sth   

       look forward to doing sth     can’t help doing sth

6. The more you read, the faster you’ll be.

  “the+比较级...，the+比较级...”，意为“越...越...”

    Eg. The more you smile, the happier you will feel.

   拓展：“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越...”

Eg. The weather becomes colder and colder.

7. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?(P3)为什么魏芬发现学习英语很那？

find+it+adj+to do sth“发现做某事...”

Eg. I find it very interesting to learn English.

8. But I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation.

  1）be afraid to do sth“害怕做某事”   eg. I’m afraid to travel by plane.

  拓展：2）be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事   be afraid of sth/sb害怕某人/某物

        3）I’m afraid that从句，恐怕...

9. 辨析：discover/invent

10. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.

  so that引导目的状语从句，“以便；为了”，相当于in order that...结构。其从句中谓语动词常和can、may、should等情态动词及be able to连用。

  Eg. My father bought me a bicycle so that I can go to school quickly.

辨析：so that与so...that

So…that…&such…that… 区别与联系

such…that的句型结构可分以下三种：

1) such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that+从句

他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。

2)such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that+从句

这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。

3)such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that+从句

他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。

如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用 such而用so。例如：

我有许多作业要做以至于我不知道该做什么了

他是如此小的一个男孩以至于大家都很喜欢他

so…that也作“如此…以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句

1）so＋adj.／adv.＋that…clause（so的后面跟形容词或副词）

他跑的如此之快 以至于没有人能够赶得上他

2）so + adj+ a/an + 可数名词单数

她是如此漂亮的女孩，以至于他很喜欢她

3)so +　many／much／few／little＋名词＋that

11. I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.

  1）how to increase my reading speed是“疑问词+to do”结构，作know的宾语。疑问词what、who、which、when、where、how、why等可以与to do一起构成“疑问词+to do”结果，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或宾补等成分。

Eg. I really don’t know what to write about.

  2）increase“增加；增长”常构成短语：

increase to...“增加到...”  eg. The population in this city will increase to 1,000,000.

increase by...“增加/增长了...” eg. The price of petrol increased by 5%.