英语PETS一级常见词组的用法及区分(1)
(2011-06-19 22:05:27)
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常见的词组用法以及区分
1.forget to do 就是忘记做某事 ,to do 所表达的动作没有又发生。
如:She forgot to call me.她忘记给我打电话了。
(没有打电话)
forget doing 就是忘记做过某事,某事本来已经做过了, 可是后来忘记了。
如:She forgot calling me, so she called me again.她忘记了曾给我打电话了,所以又打了一回。
(calling所表示的动作发生过了)
2. other / others/the other/ the others/another的区分
other
用在没有范围限制时修饰可数名词(复数)
例如,
Some people have blue cars,other people have white ones.
这里的people没有特定范围限制。所以用other修饰
others
同上,表示一个没有限制的整体其他部分,只是不作修饰词,而是直接代替上面的“other+名词”。
例如,
Some people have blue cars,others have white ones.
其中只要把other people换成others即可。
the other
用于指限定范围的两者中的另一者,常与one连用
例如,
I have two pens,one is white,the other is red.
the others
用于指限定范围内的其他部分
例如,
This country have two thousand people,half of them are Russian,the others are English.
another表示当物体总数是三者或三者以上时的另外一个。
例如,
(商店里)This coat is small for me,have you got another one?(商店里大衣不止三件)
3. spend,cost,take,pay 都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。
1)spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:
spend time/money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。
如:I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。
spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事。
如:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
spend money for sth. 花钱买……。
如:His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了。
2)cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见用法如下:
sth. costs (sb.)+金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。
如:A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(doing) sth. costs (sb.)+时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。
如:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
3)take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:
It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。
如:It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
如:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
take 后一般加时间或是精力,很少加钱。
4. 【告诉某人做某事】tell sb to do sth
【告诉某人不做某事】tell sb not to do sth
5. help的用法
help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事。
eg ;
Can you help me to learn English ?你能帮助我学英语吗?
I can't help you to lift this stone.我不能帮你搬这块石头。
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事。
Please help me with my French.请帮我学法语。
Can you help him with this work ?你能帮助他完成这项工作吗?
help to do sth. 有助于做某事。
This program helps to improve our English.这个计划有助于我们提高英语成绩。
His speech helps to understand the policy.他的演讲有助于理解这个政策。
6. help oneself ( to )自用(食物等)。
7. used to表示过去常常做某事.
例句: I used to play football after school.过去我常常在放学后踢球.
be used to do的意思是被用来做某事;be used to doing的意思是习惯于做某事.
be used to 被用来做
used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步)
be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)
used to do曾经/过去常常做某事,如:
He used to live in the country.他曾经住在农村。
be used doing习惯于做某事,这里的to 是介词,后面不跟动词原形,跟ing形式,如:
He is used to living in the country now.他现在习惯了住在农村。
be used to do被用于,如:
This knife can be used to cut things.这把刀能够被用于切东西。
8. forget to do/ forget doing
forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做)
The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
9.remember to do和remember doing的区别
前者是没有做
e.g.
remember to buy a magazine
记得回来之后或者以后要买本杂志。
现在还没有买。
后者是已经做过了
e.g.
remember buying a magazine
记得已经买过杂志了
remember doing=remember having done
10. 情态动词
can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .
(1)must来问的一般疑问句,该怎么答?肯定:yes,...must 否定:No,...needn't
(2)may来问的一般疑问句,该怎么答? 肯定yes ,I may./ 否定 No,I mayn't.
(3)need用法一、作情态动词
1.need作情态动词无人称或数的变化, 后接动词原形,多用于否定句和疑问句中。如:You needn't worry.你不必担心。
2.由need引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must或have to;否定答语常用needn't. 如:
—Need I answer the question? 我需要回答那个问题吗?
—Yes, you must. /Yes, you have to.是的,你必须回答。/是的,你得回答。/No, you needn't.不,不必了。
3.由must引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定答语用needn't或don't have to。如:
—Must I do the work now? 我必须现在干这个活吗?
—Yes, you must /have to.是的,你必须做。/No, you needn't /don't have to. 不,你现在不必做。
二、作行为动词
need 作为行为动词有人称和数的变化, 后面可接名词、代词、动名词及带to 的动词不定式;可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中,如:She needs help.她需要帮助。I don't need to see the doctor.我不需要看病。—Do you need to go at once? 你需要马上走吗?
—Yes, I do.是的,我得马上去。
—No, I don't.不,不用马上走。
11. enough的用法
adj + enough
e.g; He is not old enough to go to school. 他年龄太小,不能去上学。
enough + n
e.g; But there were not enough people to pick them. 但是没有足够的人采摘它们。
12. too much太多,修饰不可数名词。 如,too much money/food/bread/water...太多的钱/食物/面包/水。。。
much too太...,修饰形容词,表示程度。 如,much too cold/hot/expensive...太冷/热/贵。。。
13.(1) little和a little的用法
两者都是修饰不可数名词,不能修饰可数名词。a little表示肯定的意思,意为“有些,有点儿”而little表示否定的意思,意为“几乎没有”,用在句子表示否定。
(2) few 可数,否定
a few 可数,肯定
e.g There is little milk in the bottle, is there?--- 杯子里没有水了,不是么?
14.感叹句
感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。
what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:
掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。
How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序
How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序
What +名词+ 陈述语序
What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序
What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序
What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序
How clever a boy he is!
How lovely the baby is!
What noise they are making!
What a clever boy he is!
What wonderful ideas (we have)!
What cold weather it is!
感叹句的省略形式为:
What a clever boy (he is)!
15.make的用法
(1)make sb. do sth.(be made sb.to do sth.)使某人做某事
(2)make sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
16. advise的用法
1,I advised you (to take) a complete test. 也就是说,你所写的第一种情况其实是advise sb. to do 的一种简化。一般情况下都是说to do 的
2,advise doing 用在没有sb的情况下,I advise going to the park.
3, 如果advice 后面出现了against 这种介词,那么后面就必须用doing,而不能再用to doI advice against going to the park.
4, advise that 是从句
17.感官动词+ doing/to do
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性
e.g
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)
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