八看法解析2017年常州中考完形填空

刘蒋巍

（学思堂教育研究院，江苏 常州，213000）

1 八看法形成的背景

  现在很多学生在做完形填空的时候第一感觉就是读不懂，不想做，太难了。一提起完形填空，大家的心里面就会犯怵，不想做，但是又不得不做，太痛苦了。那么为什么很多人会觉得完形填空很难呢？究其原因是做题没有方法和技巧。现在为了让让大家做题速度提高，效率加快，正确率提高，我们研究出做完形填空的一套方法：完形填空八看法。

 

2 八看法有哪“八看”？

（1）    看位置—定词性

   英语单词的词类或者是词性主要是根据一个词在短语、句子中的作用以及词类自身的本意划分。一般来说，词性是非常复杂的，语言与语言之间存在很大的差异性，因此，很容易出现用语错误。所以，为了学习好英语，需要对单词的变化特征认真地研究分析，绝对不允许将汉语的词性照搬到英语上来使用的情况发生。首先要看所填之词的前后词的词性，再看空格处需要什么词性的词，根据选项当中的词做出选择。

（2）    看时间—定时态

     英语语法中的时态（tense）是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。根据空格处所在的句子有没有时间及时间状语的词出现，判断所出现的时态。

（3）    看固定搭配—找短语

  读句子，观察选项当中有没有可以组成固定搭配的短语。

（4）    看结构—寻对应

  所谓文章结构题，就是指那些针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的发展层次所设置的问题。这类题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力。

（5）    看上下文—辩词义

  日常积累词义包括词的词汇意义、词的语法意义、词的色彩意义(包括感情色彩和语体色彩)。

（6）    看动作方向—定语态

  关注主语和谓语的关系，思考主被动。语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系：主动语态和被动语态。

（7）    看从句—找特殊

  读懂全文，在文中找从句，分析句子是定语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句，然后找出有没有特殊疑问句等。

（8）    看全文—读通顺

  回顾文章主旨，分清叙述和议论的部分，叙述的目的是为了议，所以要把握其议才是主要方面。阅读这类文章，先弄清其引入的话题，再弄清里面人物对其不同的看法，然后理解作者本身对话题的观点看法或思考，再结合语境，对已做选项作最后检查。

 

3 八看法解析2017年常州中考完形填空

【试题呈现】

On the first day of my 11^th grade, I wasn’t excited when I looked at my timetable and saw “Biology II-Robin Haworth, Rom 301”. I had never liked biology and I found it ___11___. After I entered the room, I took a seat in the very back and ___12___ for my new teacher. The bell rang and Mrs. Haworth entered the classroom. She began to tell us how her class was going to be difficult and that if we weren’t up to the ___13___, she would gladly let us leave.

       The class required lots of ___14___. This was especially hard for me because I was balancing a new school with a new part-time job. My grades soon began to ___15___. Just as I began to appear in a sea of D, Mrs. Haworth asked me what was up. I told her about the difficulty I was having. She listened to me and I knew she truly ___16___ my life and my problems. She told me that she ___17___ me but that I needed to learn how to manage my time better. Mrs. Haworth greatly ___18___ my ability by helping me learn to solve my problems on my own. If I got a C in a test, she would hand it ___19___ and asked me to deal with the ones I missed and tell her why. She ___20___ increased my grades but taught me how to study harder. I got to know that if I had done my best for the first time I did it, I wouldn’t have so many ___21___. And after many trials, my grades became better.

       I had never had a(n) ___22___ who opened up to me and treated me as her equal. Over the past years she was taught me that if I want to be excellent, I am the one who can make that happen.

11. A. Amazing          B. practical          C. boring                    D. important

12. A. prepared         B. wished               C. searched           D. waited

13. A. experience              B. challenge        C. education        D. value

14. A. competition    B. attention          C. conversation   D. creation

15. A. fall                          B. change                   C. improve          D. miss

16. A. cheered for     B. cared about   C. looked after   D.believed

in

17. A. understood       B. recommended C. admired           D. remembered

18. A. supported         B. influenced              C. developed              D. displayed

19. A. back                 B. in                           C. out                     D. over

20. A. even                 B. ever                 C. sometimes              D. never

21. A. business           B. mysteries         C. differences             D. mistakes

22. A. friend           B. leader               C. adult                D. Parent       

【八看法解析】

1.  I had never liked biology and I found it ___11___.

A. Amazing       B. practical          C. boring                    D. important

看上下文—辨词义：由上文“I wasn’t excited...”和“I had never liked biology”可以看出作者不喜欢生物课，同时and表并列或者递进，应用含有负面含义的形容词，C选项boring的含义是“无聊的”，其他三个选项皆是中性或褒义词，因此C选项是正确的。

2. After I entered the room, I took a seat in the very back and ___12___ for my new teacher.

A. prepared        B. wished               C. searched           D. Waited

看结构—寻对应：由下一句“The bell rang and Mrs Haworth entered the classroom.”可知，是坐下来等老师，用动词wait，构成短语wait for sb.，意为“等候某人”，故选D。

3.She began to tell us how her class was going to be difficult and that if we weren’t up to the ___13___, she would gladly let us leave.

A. experience             B. challenge        C. education        D. value

看上下文—辨词义+看固定搭配—找短语：上文中提到“她的生物课很难”，be up to作胜任、完成用法时多用于否定句，可以用challenge表示“挑战”，be up to the challenge是固定搭配，表示“面对挑战”，其他选项和be up to都没有固定搭配。句意：如果我们不准备面对挑战，她将很高兴让我们离开。故选B。

4.The class required lots of ___14___.

A. competition    B. attention C. Conversation      D. creation

看结构—寻对应：B选项attention表示“注意；关注”作动词require的宾语，require lots of attention表示“需要大量的精力”，与下一句“This was especially hard for me because I was balancing a new school with a new part-time job. ”相对应。故选B。

5.My grades soon began to ___15___.

 A. fall                       B. change                   C. improve          D. miss

看上下文—辨词义：由上文““This was especially hard for me because I was balancing a new school with a new part-time job. （这对我很困难）”及下文“Just as I began to appear in a sea of D.（出现大量不及格）”可以提炼出一个简单的逻辑关系：缺少学习时间→成绩___→出现不及格，而A选项动词fall表示“下降”，带入题干句子可翻译为“我的成绩很快开始下降”。故选A。

6.She listened to me and I knew she truly ___16___ my life and my problems.

A. cheered for    B. cared about  C. looked after  D.believed in

看上下文—辨词义：前文的句子“Mrs. Haworth asked me what was up. （Mrs. Haworth 询问我发生了什么。）”可以看出Mrs.Haworth对作者进行了关心，B选项动词短语care about表示“关注；关心”，该句可以翻译为“我知道她真的很关心我的生活和(我所面临的)困难。”符合前文的发展，其他选项语义不通。故选B。

7.She told me that she ___17___ me but that I needed to learn how to manage my time better.

A. understood      B. recommended   C. admired              D. remembered

看上下文—辨词义：上文提到老师关心作者的困难，这里只有用understand sb. 表示“理解某人”文义才通顺。翻译：她告诉我她理解我，但我需要学会如何更有效地管理我的时间。故选A。

8.Mrs. Haworth greatly ___18___ my ability by helping me learn to solve my problems on my own.

A. supported        B. influenced              C. developed              D. displayed

看固定搭配—找短语：动词develop“发展；开发”和名词ability构成动宾短语develop one's ability，表示“发挥能力；培养能力”。其他选项均没有搭配用法，故选C。

9.If I got a C in a test, she would hand it ___19___ and asked me to deal with the ones I missed and tell her why.

A. back                B. in                           C. out                     D. over

看上下文—辨词义：由下文“让我处理漏掉的东西并告诉她原因”提示用over和hand搭配，hand it over意为“把它递给我”。故选D。其他选项不合适。（hand it out分发，hand it back交还，hand it in上交）

10.She ___20___ increased my grades but taught me how to study harder.

A. even                B. ever                 C. sometimes              D. never

看固定搭配—找短语：下文的but提示用副词never，构成固定用法never...but...，意为“从不……，而是……”。意为：她从来不是提高我的成绩，而是教我如何更加努力地学习。故选D。

11.I got to know that if I had done my best for the first time I did it, I wouldn’t have so many ___21___.

A. business          B. mysteries         C. differences             D. mistakes

看上下文—辨词义：联系句意“如果我刚开始就尽力去学习，我也就不会有这么多的____”，D选项mistake表示“错误”，符合句意。故选D。

12.I had never had a(n) ___22___ who opened up to me and treated me as her equal.

A. friend                 B. leader               C. adult                D. Parent

看上下文—辨词义：BD选项明显不合文义，根据后半句“who opened up to me and treated me as her equal.（向我敞开心扉并平等对待我。）”选A选项逻辑不通，且明显不合前文，全文讲的是老师对学生的关怀。C选项“我从来没有遇到过一位对我敞开心扉，平等对待我的成年人。”更合适。故选C。