SAP 质量管理

 

SAP质量管理加紧控制和包含成本计算。在当前的市场条件下，许多组织遵循双重的战略：通过竞争差异和提高效率争取持续的成长和创新去应对巨大的削减成本的压力。最终，你必须在满足相关利益者的期望和取得最终的成功上做的卓越，你必须尽可能的降低成本，且避免这样做导致产生非预期（未列入预算）的费用的风险。

 

使用SAP QM使企业能够高效的管理质量，区分业务和建立卓越的声誉。相反，管理不善或者忽视质量问题将负面影响一个公司的品牌、产品以及损害成本控制。最好的答案是沿着整个供应链将综合的全面质量管理方法实施到位，整个企业的审核管理、质量工程、质量保证和控制及持续的质量改善是它的全部方面。使用SAP QM，组织能够更容易得符合工业标准和法律法规，增强顾客满意度和提高竞争力。

 

采用闭环方法全面质量管理

常常质量管理比实施检验更多。公司想要通过协作集中于缺陷预防、持续过程改善，持久的质量控制。你需要立即响应意外的与质量有关的事件，卷入所有的受影响方，启动后续的措施去解决喝控制问题。

SAP ERP 支持和确保整个供应链一贯的高品质。公司可以持续的符合工业标准。因为实施了整个产品质量和客户服务管理，客户满意度上升。

 

因为项目管理和质量管理功能集成到SAP ERP Corporate Service解决方案，你能够在公司里运行6 sigma项目以进一步加强质量、改善过程和降低成本。

 

SAP QM支持关注缺陷预防、通过协作的持续的过程改善以及持久的质量控制的关键业务活动。综合的质量管理功能支持：

l  质量工程

l  质量保证和控制

l  质量改善

l  审核管理

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SAP QM给提供内部和外部的支持。它提供在设计和开发阶段（设计阶段）从产品到过程设计的完全支持；贯穿采购、生产、销售和发运（实施阶段）；服务和使用（使用阶段），如图2所示：

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计划阶段

QM支持计划阶段的质量管理过程。它包含以下的特征和功能：

 

闭环检验计划

闭环检验计划意思是对于物料接收检验和产品过程检验的集成的检验计划，它开始于新产品开发过程刚刚启动时。国际标准ISO/TS 16949要求产品先期质量策划（APQP）过程，这是汽车行业供应商和其他离散制造业不可缺少的过程。

 

SAP ERP提供工具支持这些过程；其中一个工具是失效模式分析（FMEA）和另外一个工具控制计划（Control Plan）。

 

你可以使用FMEA工具对清晰的对象（材料和操作）进行风险分析，以识别潜在的过程缺陷或产品缺陷。通过应用这些工具，你可以发现潜在的风险和在早期阶段界定预防措施去消除他们。

 

使用控制计划，你可以计划和设想针对最终产品和其零部件的所有相关的检验。控制计划连接了来自所有相关对象的信息，它是每一步（过程控制，接收检验等等）详细检验计划的基础。

 

文档管理

SAP一个重要的工具是文档管理。你可以使用文档管理软件在检验大纲、设计图纸、技术发运条款、规范、产品规范、检验方法以及其他质量相关文档和相关的主数据间建立链接。你可以根据有效期、版本和状态管理数据。

 

主数据管理

在你项目的实施阶段，在主数据的质量管理图的物料主数据里，你可以为了控制质量相关的过程进行详细的配置。为了关联到物料、供应商、客户的质量信息的管理和为了供应商及与客户有关的过程的控制，你能维护适当的质量信息记录。你可以，例如，分派质量保证协议和执行模型过程。

 

在物料相关的检验计划里，你可以定义客户或者供应商特定的检验规范和多个关系更深层次对象的检验规范。当你在生产过程中执行检验时，这些元素被集成进工艺或者方法。

 

你可以集中更改主数据，你可以转移数据从一个源系统到一个或多个目标系统。此外，还有一些可用的工具在去研究和分析链接到层级结构的主数据，例如用于何处列表和产品结构浏览器。

 

工程更改管理

集中的工程更改管理协调你对主数据做的修改。你可以执行如通过审批流程的更改（如：根据GMP要求）。你可以生成不同版本和使用工作流 进行发布。当生成一个修改时，你也可以分派一个指定的生效日期在特定的修订等级上。

 

分类

利用整合的分类功能，你可以指定和分派在SAP ERP里可用的数据（如物料，文档，检验计划），以便以后能够定位这些根据特定规则（如批特征）的数据。

 

稳定性研究

实施稳定性研究或者储存寿命研究去跟踪和测试不同的环境条件（如温度、光照、或者湿度）影响化合物、材料或者超过一个特定时间的批次。使用SAP里的特性和功能，你可以生成材料或批次的实体样本，在研究期间储存在受控制的条件下。在研究期间特定的间隔里，你可以从不同的测试条件移除这些实体样品或者他们的部分和根据事先制定的检验计划进行测试。然后你能使用这些测试的结果，他们可以积累超过这次研究的过程。例如，检查和确认是否期望的或担保的产品预期寿命满足预先定义的推荐的储存规范。

 

作为业务过程，稳定性研究完全整合在SAP ERP里，使用下面的功能：

l  质量管理：质量通知、质量计划、检验批处理

l  资产生命周期管理：维护规划和日程安排

l  物料管理：物料主数据，批次管理，以及物料清单

 

权限管理

集中的管理功能负责数据安全和保护。你能为主数据的处理和移动数据分配独立的授权。例如，可以让你建立雇员以便他们当执行某个特殊操作时必须提供数字签名。

 

业务工作流

你可以使用业务工作流去控制某个复杂的过程和与这些过程相关的输出。例如，在问题通知里的纠正任务可以自动的转移到组织里的责任部门。

 

质量成本

你可以输入、收集、记账缺陷预防、检验和不同科目对象的不合格。

 

关键指数分析

采用质量关键指标，SAP NetWeaver BI提供了广泛的可能去监控你的质量过程。

 

审核管理

使用集成的审核管理工具，你可以计划和处理审核、评级审核对象，监视基于审核发现的纠正和预防措施，归档和分析审核数据。审核管理，作为SAP NetWeaver的一部分也是SAP ERP的一部分，支持所有基于预先定义的规则（审核、检查、检验、评审、考试）的评价，和能够随后用来这些对象做出评价。

 

审核管理功能非常通用，可以用于很多应用领域，例如以下：

l  质量管理（体系审核、过程审核、产品审核）和GMP

l  环境与卫生管理

l  安全和保安管理（设施安全、消防安全、数据保护）

 

6 sigma

在你的公司适当的拥有SAP ERP和SAP商业套件允许你实施6 sigma 行动方案。SAP ERP支持大多数对6 sigma必不可少的要素，如定义结构化的问题解决路线图如DMAIC（定义，测量、分析、改善、控制）；使用合作项目（CProjects）应用程序建立清晰的任务和负责人；估计风险和成本；关联到相关的文档、通知、检验和审核；测定能力和绩效指标，例如，从统计过程控制（SPC）监视控制图和Cpk值；失效模式及影响分析。

 

为了总体分析目标，过程数据可以从源头提取并转移到SAP NetWeaver BI和执行信息系统。SAP NetWeaver BI和执行信息系统提供所有需要的计算关键绩效指标（KPIs）的功能，供给评分积分卡和其他评价技术。

 

协作场景：质量通知

在产品开发阶段，如果你和客户或者合作伙伴一起工作，QM使用质量通知提供你机会去初步了解产品概念或者更改产品 客户的抱怨可以通过网络输入，这些可以用于确定产品的质量。如果供应商不能严格的坚持客户标准，他们可以为偏离规范请求许可。

 

在SAP ERP里对于此场景的企业服务业也同样采用生成和维护质量通知。

 

协作场景：质量证书

和你的客户或者供应商一起工作，你可以使用证书配置文件去正确的策划哪些特性应该出现在证书上。这些证书数据可以通过质量数据交换（QDI）进行电子交换，或者可以储存在网络上。例如：你可以保存为PDF文档。

 

QUALITY MANAGEMENT WITH SAP ERP

 

Quality management with SAP ERP

tightens control and contains costs.

Under current market conditions, many

organizations follow a twofold strategy:

strive for continued growth and innovation

through competitive differentiation

and increase efficiency to meet the

enormous pressure to cut costs. In the

end, you must be excellent in both to

meet stakeholder expectations and

achieve financial success. You must

reduce costs wherever possible, but

avoid risks that might lead to unexpected

– and unbudgeted – expenditures.

QM with SAP ERP enables enterprises

to manage quality in a highly efficient

way, differentiate their business, and

establish a reputation of excellence.

Conversely, mismanaging or ignoring

quality issues negatively impacts a

company’s brand and products and

impairs cost control. The best answer

is to put in place a comprehensive

approach to total quality management

along the entire supply chain.

Enterprise-wide audit management,

quality engineering, quality assurance

and control, and continuous quality

improvement are all aspects of it. By

using QM with SAP ERP, organizations

can comply with industry standards

and legal requirements more easily,

increase customer satisfaction, and

improve competitiveness.

Take a Closed-Loop Approach to

Total Quality Management

There is more to quality management

than performing quality inspections

every now and then. Companies want

to focus on prevention of deficiencies,

continuous process improvement

through collaboration, and sustainable

quality control. You need to react

immediately to unplanned qualityrelated

events, involve all affected

parties, and start follow-up actions

to solve or control an issue.

SAP ERP supports and ensures consistently

high quality throughout the

supply chain. Companies can comply

continuously with legal requirements

and industry standards. Customer

satisfaction goes up, as does overall

product quality and customer service

management.

Because project management and

quality management functions are integrated

with the SAP ERP Corporate

Services solution, you can run Six

Sigma projects to further enhance

quality, improve processes, and reduce

costs within your company.

QM with SAP ERP supports key

business activities with a focus on

prevention of deficiencies, continuous

process improvement through collaboration,

and sustained quality control.

Comprehensive quality management

functionality supports:

• Quality engineering

• Quality assurance and control

• Quality improvement

• Audit management

 

QM with SAP ERP supports you both

internally and externally. It provides

complete support, from product and

process planning in research and development

(the planning phase); through

procurement, production, and sales

and distribution (the implementation

phase); to service and usage (the

usage phase), as shown in Figure 2.

 

The Planning Phase

QM with SAP ERP supports the

process of quality management in

the planning phase. It comprises the

following features and functions:

Closed-loop inspection planning

Closed-loop inspection planning means

integrated inspection planning for

goods receipt inspections and for

inspections during production, and it

starts at the very beginning of the

product development process for a

new product. The international standard

ISO/TS16949 requires an advanced

product quality planning (APQP)

 

process, a must for each supplier

in the automotive and other discrete

industries.

SAP ERP provides tools for supporting

this process; one is a tool for a failure

mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and

the other is the control plan.

You can use the FMEA tool to perform

a risk analysis for a distinct object

(material or operation) to identify possible

defects of a process or a product.

By applying the given tools, you can

detect possible risks and eliminate

them by defining preventive actions

at an early stage.

 

With the control plan, you can plan and

visualize all relevant inspections for a

final product and all its components.

The control plan connects all information

from the related objects and is a

basis for detailed inspection planning

for each step (in-process control,

goods-receipt inspections, and so on).

Document management

An important tool in SAP ERP is document

management. You can use document

management software to create

links between inspection outlines,

design drawings, technical delivery

terms, specifications, product specifications,

inspection methods, and other

quality-relevant documentation and

the corresponding master data. You

can manage data according to validity,

version, and status.

Master data management

During the implementation phase of

your project, you specify productrelated

settings that are required for

controlling quality-related processes in

the material master record in the quality

management view of master data. For

the management of quality information

related to materials, vendors, and customers,

and for the control of vendor

and customer-related processes, you

can maintain appropriate quality information

records. You can, for example,

assign quality assurance agreements

and perform model processing.

In material-related inspection plans, you

can define either customer- or vendorspecific

inspection specifications and

multiple specifications related to further

objects. When you are performing an

 

inspection during production, these

elements are integrated into the routing

or recipe.

You can make changes to the master

data centrally, and you can transfer the

data from one source system to one

or more target systems. In addition,

there are tools available for research

and analysis of master data linked in

a hierarchy, such as where-used lists

and the product structure browser.

Engineering change management

Central engineering change management

coordinates the changes you

make to master data. You can run such

changes through an approval procedure

(for example, according to GMP

requirements). You can create different

versions and then distribute them using

workflow. You can also allocate a revision

level with regard to a specific validfrom

date when a change is made.

Classification

Using the integrated classification function,

you can specify and assign data

that is available in SAP ERP (such as

materials, documents, and inspection

plans), in order to be able to locate this

data later according to specific search

criteria (such as batch characteristics).

Stability study

Stability studies or shelf-life studies are

conducted to track and examine how

different environmental conditions (for

example, temperature, light, or moisture)

affect a compound, a material, or

a batch over a specified period of time.

Using features and functions in SAP

ERP, you create physical samples of

the material or batch and store them

under controlled conditions for the

duration of the study. At specified

intervals during the study, you remove

these physical samples or parts of

these samples from the various conditions

and test them according to

predefined inspection plans. You can

then use the results of these tests,

which have accumulated over the

course of the study, for example, to

check and confirm whether the desired

or guaranteed life expectancy of the

product conforms to the predefined

recommendations for storage.

As a business process, the stability

study is fully integrated in SAP ERP,

using functions from the following

areas:

• Quality management: quality notifications,

quality planning, and inspection

lot processing

• Asset life-cycle management: maintenance

planning and scheduling

• Materials management: material

master, batch management, and bills

of materials

Authorization management

A central administration function is

responsible for data security and

protection. You can assign individual

authorizations for the processing of

master data and movement data. This

enables you, for example, to set up

employees so that they have to provide

a digital signature when performing certain

operations.

Business workflow

You can use business workflow to control

certain complex processes and the

output associated with these processes.

For example, corrective tasks within

a problem notification can be transferred

automatically to the organizational

unit responsible.

Quality costs

You can enter, collect, and bill costs

related to the prevention of defects,

inspections, and nonconformity to

different account-assignment objects

using orders in controlling.

Key figure analysis

With its quality key figures, SAP

NetWeaver BI offers a wide range of

possibilities for monitoring and controlling

your quality processes.

Audit management

With integrated audit management

tools you can plan and process audits,

grade audit objects, monitor corrective

and preventive actions that are based

on the findings, and document and analyze

audit data. Audit management, as

part of SAP NetWeaver and thus also

part of SAP ERP, supports all appraisals

based on predefined criteria (audits,

checks, inspections, reviews, and

examinations) and can subsequently

be used to valuate the object.

The audit management functionality

is very versatile and can be used for

various application areas. Examples

of audit usages are:

• Quality management (system audit,

process audit, or product audit) and

GMP

• Environment and hygiene

management

• Safety and security management

(facility safety, fire safety, or data

protection)

 

Six Sigma

Having SAP ERP and SAP Business

Suite in place in your company allows

you to implement your Six Sigma

initiative. SAP ERP supports most of

the elements that are essential for Six

Sigma, such as the definition of a

structured problem-solving road map

such as DMAIC (define, measure,

analyze, improve, and control); a clear

setup of tasks and responsible persons

by using the Collaboration Projects

(cProjects) application; the calculation

of risks and costs; the linking of related

documents, notifications, inspections,

and audits; the determination of capability

and performance indicators, for

example, from statistical process control

(SPC) monitoring of control charts

and Cpk index; and a failure mode and

effects analysis.

Process data can be extracted from

the source and transferred into SAP

NetWeaver BI and an executive information

system for general analysis

purposes. SAP NetWeaver BI and the

executive information system provide

all the functions needed for calculating

key performance indicators (KPIs),

feeding balanced scorecards, or other

assessment techniques.

Collaborative scenario: quality

notifications

In the product development stage, if

you are working with customers or

partners, QM with SAP ERP offers you

the opportunity to initiate product ideas

or changes to products using quality

notifications. Customer complaints,

which can be entered on the Internet,

can be used to determine product quality.

Vendors can ask for permission to

deviate from specifications if they

cannot adhere strictly to customer

specifications.

For this scenario enterprise services

are also available to create and maintain

notifications in SAP ERP.

Collaborative scenario: quality

certificates

Working with your customers or vendors,

you use certificate profiles to

plan exactly which characteristics are

to appear on the certificate. This certificate

data can be exchanged electronically

using quality data interchange

(QDI), or it can be stored on the Internet.

For example, you can store it as

a PDF document.

Collaborative scenario: results

recording

You can record inspection results using

the Internet or intranet. Results can be

recorded by external service providers

(for example, commercial analysts) and

internal inspectors (for example, in a

source inspection) in their respective

work centers.

For this scenario enterprise services

are also available to trigger and record

inspection results in SAP ERP.